香菇嘌呤研究简述

香菇嘌呤是香菇特有的降血脂作用很强的一种腺嘌呤衍生物，其功效比降血脂常用药安妥明强１０倍。香菇嘌呤具有各种空间异构体和衍生物，有许多也具有降血脂功能，其中香菇嘌呤的酯矣具有比香菇嘌呤还强１０倍的降血脂功效。香菇嘌呤可以通过子实体或菌丝体提取及合成法制备得到，但由于香菇嘌呤的副作用还未得到确证，制备及分析上也存在一定问题，香菇嘌呤还未能付诸应用。     

微波法提取香菇柄多糖初步研究

采用微波技术提取香菇(Lentinus edodes)柄多糖,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定微波法提取的最佳条件是功率480 W、处理时间14 min、料液比1∶45 (w∶v),在此条件下多糖提取率为12.61%.     

IC法快速测定皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中5种阴离子含量

利用超声波(UAE)辅助提取-离子色谱(IC)法检测皱盖疣柄牛肝菌(Leccinum rugosiceps)中F-、CI-、NO2-、NO-3、PO34-5种阴离子.采用NaOH溶液(3.0 mmol/L)超声渗提30 min后进样100 μL,通过流速为1.2 mL/min的淋洗液Na2CO3+NaHCO3 (3.5 mmol/L+1.0 mmol/L)洗脱.结果表明,F-、CI-、NO-2、NO-3、PO-5种离子线性范围分别为2～25、2～20、2～1 00、10～55、10～100 mg/L,峰面积RSD分别为0.58％ 、1.27％、0.73％、0.92％、2.33％,检出限在0.0976～1.0984 mg/L之间,加标回收率在87.50％～110％之间.皱盖疣柄牛肝菌样品中未检出NO-2.该方法简单快捷、精密度好、准确度高,可用于测定皱盖疣柄牛肝菌中5种阴离子含量.     

饲料中喹乙醇检测方法研究

本文建立了饲料中喹乙醇的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用甲醇-水（体积比5：95）提取,以10％甲醇溶液为流动相（体积比10：90）,Agilent C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器定量检测和定性筛查（检测波长260nnl,光谱扫描为200-400mm）;喹乙醇的线性范围为0．2-50．0μg／mL,r=0．9999;方法检测限为1．0mg／kg,定量限为2．0mg／kg。样品中喹乙醇加标回收率为99．8％～112．3％。     

HPLC法测定香菇中香菇嘌呤含量

建立1种运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定香菇(Lentinula edodes)中香菇嘌呤含量的方法。优化后的色谱条件为:Ultimate AQ-C18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(7∶93,pH 4.67)等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长259 nm,进样量10μL。研究结果发现该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好,适用于香菇嘌呤的定量分析。     

风味香菇柄丝的研制

香菇（中香菇柄的量约占子实体的２５％，在加工出口香菇的过程中大多被切除，造成极大的浪费。据报道干香菇柄中含蛋白质１５．２８％，脂肪１．４０％，膳食纤维４８．３％，矿物质４．２７％。其蛋白质含量明显高于蔬菜和粮食。虽然目前已开发出如香菇松、香菇肉松、香菇茶等多种产品，但想大规模利用香菇柄资源，开发新产品，拓宽消费领域，努力变废为宝，提高资源利用率，还需开发出适应地方口味的风味食品。为此研制出几种风味食品的配方及其工艺。１主要原辅材料原料采用的原料为香菇加工厂的下脚料菇柄。选用粗大、无腐烂、无褐变…     

酶法结合超声破壁提取香菇水溶性糖和多糖的研究

目的：建立酶法结合超声破壁提取香菇水溶性糖和多糖的最佳工艺。方法：采用单因次实验法筛选香菇破壁提取的最佳酶制剂、研究超声对香菇水溶性糖提取的影响;正交实验法优化酶结合超声提取的最佳工艺条件。结果：食用菌水解酶的破壁效率最高,用量比传统酶下降了0．5％;最佳工艺条件是食用菌水解酶用量A01为0．7％、A02为0.5％,酶解时间A01为3．5h、A02为5h,料液比1：35,超声功率600W、超声时间30min、频率20kHz,水溶性糖提取率达30％,其中多糖提取率达23％。目的：食用菌水解酶是一种值得推广的新型酶制剂,建立的最佳工艺可应用于香菇多糖、香菇抽提物等产品的生产。     

用香菇柄制作蜜饯工艺

香菇是既可食用又具药用功能的大型真菌,鲜品很娇嫩,容易腐败变质,不易保藏。加工成香菇蜜饯,便于贮运,并增加了食用花样。现将加工过程介绍如下: 1选料浸泡 选择无褐变、无霉变、香菇味浓、大小适中的菇柄,在浸泡液(食盐1％～2％,石灰0.5％～     

棱柄马鞍菌粗提物提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

通过单因素实验研究了提取温度、时间、料液比和乙醇浓度对棱柄马鞍菌(Helvella lacunosa)粗提物得率的影响,并测定了其对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除率.结果表明:棱柄马鞍菌粗提物的最佳提取工艺为提取温度70℃、提取时间3h、料液比1∶30和乙醇终浓度此时粗提物得率为(5.8±0.5)％.随粗提物浓度增加,清除率逐渐增大,当浓度为10 mg/mL时对DPPH自由基的清除率最大,为(61.5±0.6)％;当浓度为5 mg/mL时对ABTS自由基的清除率最大,为(67.6±1.0)％.     

固相萃取-亲水作用色谱法测定香菇中硫杂脯氨酸

通过对色谱条件和样品前处理方法进行优化,建立固相萃取—亲水作用色谱法测定香菇(Lentinula edodes)中硫杂脯氨酸的检测方法。优化后的色谱条件为：Inertsil HILIC 亲水作用色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)对样品进行分离测定,流动相采用乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(85∶15,v/v)等度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长193 nm,柱温30℃。前处理方法为：香菇样品采用甲醇-水(70∶30,v/v)提取,MAX阴离子固相萃取小柱进行净化处理,甲醇-1.0%甲酸(90∶10,v/v)作为洗脱剂对目标物进行洗脱。检测结果表明,硫杂脯氨酸在2~100μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,加标回收率为96.3%~101.7%,相对标准偏差在1.3%~4.8%之间,检出限为0.76μg/g,定量限为2.31μg/g。该方法回收率高、简单、快速、无需衍生化,适用于香菇子实体硫杂脯氨酸的定量检测分析。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.