松材线虫与拟松材线虫杂交及后代的致病性

收集松材线虫5虫株与拟松材线虫1虫株进行生物学杂交,结果显示:松材线虫各虫株均能与拟松材线虫杂交且杂交率均较高,但杂交后代中普遍存在线虫死亡率较高的现象.用杂交后代线虫与未杂交亲本线虫分别接种2年生马尾松苗,结果表明杂交后代线虫对接种松苗的致病性小于其未杂交亲本线虫,从接种后萎蔫的松苗中再分离线虫,杂交后代线虫再分离数远少于亲本线虫数.     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫不同株系致病性的研究*

１９９０－１９９３年，从国内外收集的松材线虫９个株系和拟松材线虫５个株系，用皮接法接种３－６年生的松苗，测定线虫的致病性。结果表明，松材线虫的致病力明显高于拟松材线虫，其中国内的５个株系致病力最高，拟松林线虫通常不致病或致病力极低，在同一线虫种内，株系间致病力随寄主不同而不同。在寄主死亡速度上，寄主相同并死亡率相同或相近时，采自南京、广东马尾松病树上的线虫株系接种后，寄主平均死亡时间略短于其它株系     

拟松材线虫研究进展

松材线虫和拟松材线虫共同构成松材线虫复合群体,为松材线虫病的病原物。拟松材线虫危害过去没有引起足够重视,相关研究工作不如松材线虫细致。近年来,随着拟松材线虫致病性增强现象不断被报道,人们逐步加强了拟松材线虫研究。本文从拟松材线虫分类学特征、致病性研究及与松材线虫关系等角度对拟松材线虫研究进展进行综述,并展望未来可能的研究热点。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫杂交试验及后代繁殖力研究

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus和拟松材线虫B.mucronatus是伞滑刃属内两个独立的种,均可引起松材线虫病。松材线虫与拟松材线虫能否进行种间杂交在学术界一直存在争议。采用4个虫株在实验室条件下开展了杂交试验及杂交后代繁殖力研究。结果表明:实验室条件下松材线虫和拟松材线虫可成功杂交,他们之间未发展出严格的生殖隔离,二者极可能来源于同一祖先。     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫繁殖能力差异研究

松材线虫作为外来入侵种,逐步取代拟松材线虫占据生态位。初步研究表明这可能与两种线虫的繁殖能力差异关系密切。本研究采取了两种方法,即离体条件竞争试验和体内竞争试验比较二者繁殖力。结果表明,松材线虫的繁殖水平明显高于拟松材线虫。松材线虫和拟松材线虫混合物长时间培养后,松材线虫逐步竞争淘汰拟松材线虫。除此以外,离体培养和体内竞争结果均表明,竞争条件下松材线虫的繁殖力高于非竞争条件。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫迁移能力的比较

松材线虫病,又称松树萎蔫病、松树枯萎病,是由松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)引起的一种毁灭性森林病害。松材线虫原来广泛分布于北美地区,但在原产地并未造成严重危害。1905     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫可溶性蛋白的比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳法,分析了松材线虫和拟松材线虫的可溶性蛋白.从电泳图谱蛋白带数、迁移率等方面的比较,两线虫可溶性蛋白的电泳图谱差异不明显,相互间不存在可见的特异性蛋白.     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫分泌的纤维素酶系研究

采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、微晶纤维素(MC)和水杨素(SC)三种底物,用刚果红染色法和DNS法分别定性和定量分析了松材线虫和拟松材线虫分泌物中纤维素酶系组分和酶活力.结果表明,松材线虫和拟松材线虫分泌物中存在完全降解纤维素所需的3种酶系组分:内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶、外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶,松材线虫分泌物中三种酶活力明显高于拟松材线虫酶活力.研究结果为更好的解释松材线虫致病机理提供了科学数据.     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫的杂交遗传差异研究*

运用杂交方法对来自南京、四川、日本、法国和加拿大等地的松材线虫和拟松材线虫共１０个株系作遗传分析，结果表明中国的松材线虫和拟松材线虫能杂交成功，但后代数量少且大多不孕，两者间遗传差异较大，这两种线虫各株系间无明显差异。当中国线虫分别与日本、法国、加拿大株系杂交时，无论种间或种内均有差异，前者差异更显著。种间杂交中多数后代雌虫较难与父本加交产生子代幼虫。种间杂交在产生正常后代的同时也产生１０％～６０     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较

松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较刘伟，杨宝君关键词松材线虫，拟松材线虫，雄虫交合伞松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。病原松材线虫ＢｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓＮｉｃｋｌｅ（简作Ｂｘ）的形态与非病原拟松材线虫Ｂ．ｍｕｃｒｏｎ...     

Interspecific hybridization between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen that causes pine wilt disease, which has greatly damaged forests and ecosystems in countries of East Asia and Europe.Bursaphelenchus mucronatus is closely related to B. xylophilus in morphology and host plant specificity. A longrunning debate has existed regarding whether these two species can successfully produce hybrid offspring. In the present study, we performed in the laboratory, hybridization of two B. xylophilus nematode isolates from China and Japan and three B. mucronatus isolates from China, Japan and France. Nematode isolates of B. xylophilus were successfully crossed with B. mucronatus isolates, and the rate of hybridization was relatively high; however, some hybrid offspring died. Successful hybridization occurred between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus isolates from China, and 22 generations of hybrids were produced. All F1 hybrids could be backcrossed with their parents and produce offspring. Variation in mucro length among the hybrid offspring and their parents was observed. The hybrid offspring and their parents were inoculated into 3-months-old black pine(Pinus tunbergii) seedlings. Weaker pathogenicity of hybrid offspring was observed compared with that of their parents, and significantly fewer offspring nematodes than parents were reisolated from pines. Therefore, the offspring of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus may exist in the forest and could influence disease epidemics.     

Reproductive success of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus under Finnish summer temperature conditions

The objectives of this study were to determine the reproductive potential and the time required for completion of the life cycle of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus under Finnish summer temperature conditions. The reproductive success of B. xylophilus was compared with the potential of a Finnish isolate of B. mucronatus. The latter appeared more successful in reproduction particularly when cultured on Finns syhestris wood.     

国内部分地区松材线虫和拟松材线虫基因多态性的RAPD分析

采用SDS法提取线虫基因组DNA,分别选取了6种随机引物对部分地区的10株松材线虫和10株拟松材线虫进行随机扩增和亲缘关系比较。RAPD的结果可以明显区分松材线虫和拟松材线虫,与形态学分类相吻合。聚类分析的结果也表明,线虫种内和种间均存在差异,但种间差异明显大于种内差异,同种线虫在同一地区或临近地区的同源性明显高于其它地区,同一地区内寄主对线虫种类分布的影响较小。该方法具有所需样品量少、检测灵敏度高、结果准确等优点,为松材线虫种群的亲缘关系、传播途径及其检测防疫等方面提供一种灵敏、可靠的研究方法。     

Pathogenicity studies with Bursaphelenchus mucronatus in Scots pine in Finland

The objective of the study was to determine the role of Finnish Bursaphelenchus mucronatus as a possible pathogen in Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, under Finnish ambient weather conditions. Small seedlings and young field grown trees were used as inoculation targets. The results suggested the nematode being of minor importance as a tree pathogen in Finland.     

松材线虫雌虫尾部形态和寄主的关系

Tenninal mucro of adult female was the distinct character between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) and its allied species Bursaphe/enchus mucronatus (Bb). In general, Bx had no mucro. But it could have mucro in some situations. In the test, Bx without mucro was inoculated on Chineses pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). The results showed that 85% of adult females Bx isolated from Chinese pine had terminal mucro. On Japanese black pine only 4.2% of adult females Bx had terminal mucro. Bx with terminal mucro from Chinese pine was re-inoculated on the fungus, Pestalotia sp. and Japanese black pine. It was found that 100% adult females had no terminal mucro on the fungus and 3.4% with terminal mucro on Japanese black pine.     

东亚型和欧洲型拟松材线虫的形态学和ITSPCR-RFLP鉴定

对宁波口岸截获的不同来源木质包装中的东亚型和欧洲型拟松材线虫进行形态学和ITSPCR-RFLP研究。选用5种限制性内切酶RsaI,HaeⅢ,MspI,HinfI,AluI对各株系单条线虫ITS区PCR扩增产物进行酶切,发现限制性内切酶RsaI有3种酶切结果,表明ITS区段存在DNA序列异质性。研究再次证明ITSPCR-RFLP不但是伞滑刃线虫鉴定十分可靠的辅助手段,还可有效区分种内不同地理型。对拟松材线虫与松材线虫(包括"M"型和"R"型株系)、豆伞滑刃线虫、伪伞滑刃线虫等近似种的区别进行讨论。     

药剂防治松线虫病的研究

用呋喃丹、克线磷、涕灭威等杀线虫剂进行沟施,防治松树线虫病的效果达９６％～１００％;氧化乐果、果树宝杀虫剂,注射防治松树线虫病的效果为９２％以上;林间应用呋喃丹、涕灭威,其防治效果达６７．５％～１００％,防治后的松林不但枯死率下降,而且生长良好,枝茂叶盛,郁郁葱葱。