流式细胞仪测定奶牛全血多形核白细胞的吞噬功能和呼吸爆发作用

试验建立了用流式细胞仪同时测定奶牛全血中多形核白细胞（PMN）吞噬功能和呼吸爆发作用的微量检测方法。奶牛全血用二氢诺丹明处理后，与直径为1．75μm的蓝色荧光乳胶微球培养，PMN内的二氢诺丹明被呼吸爆发过程中产生的还原性物质转化成发绿色荧光的诺丹明（ROD）。用流式细胞仪计数PMN，仪器可在数秒钟内计数几十万个PMN，识别PMN是否吞噬蓝色荧光微球和／或含POD，并可检测每个PMN所吞噬的微球数量。当血液中含细胞松弛素B为1、2．5、5mg/L时，PMN的吞噬功能和呼吸爆发作用均下降。     

A Low-molecular-weight Fraction of Bovine Colostrum and Milk Enhances the Oxidative Burst Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Bovine colostrum and milk contain many immunomodulatory components. The low-molecular-weight fraction (<10 kDa) was separated from colostrum and milk by gel filtration chromatography, and its effect on the oxidative burst of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was investigated in vitro. The oxidative burst activity induced by Staphylococcus aureus was considerably enhanced when PMNLs were incubated with this low-molecular-weight fraction. However, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not trigger a burst after priming with this fraction. The oxidative burst activity enhanced by this fraction was reduced after heating. These results confirmed that a low-molecular-weight substance(s) of less than 10 kDa, present in bovine milk and colostrum, enhances the oxidative burst activity of PMNL.     

Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a severe disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunosuppression. The function of circulating phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) in affected dogs has not been fully investigated. We characterized the functional capacity of canine phagocytes in CPE by determining their oxidative burst and phagocytic activities using flow cytometry. Blood was collected from 28 dogs with CPE and 11 healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Oxidative burst activity was assessed by stimulating phagocytes with opsonized Escherichia coli or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and measuring the percentage of phagocytes producing reactive oxygen species and the magnitude of this production. Phagocytosis was measured by incubating phagocytes with opsonized E. coli and measuring the percentage of phagocytes containing E. coli and the number of bacteria per cell. Complete blood counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also determined. Serum CRP concentration was negatively and positively correlated with segmented and band neutrophil concentrations, respectively. Overall, no differences in phagocyte function were found between dogs with CPE and healthy control dogs. However, infected dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA-stimulated oxidative burst activity compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CPE dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA- and E. coli–stimulated oxidative burst activity and decreased phagocytosis of E. coli compared to CPE dogs without neutropenia or band neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes have decreased oxidative burst and phagocytic activity in neutropenic CPE dogs and in CPE dogs with circulating band neutrophils.     

Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil function in tumor‐bearing dogs

Background: Peripheral blood neutrophils of untreated human cancer patients have been shown to have normal, increased, and decreased phagocytic activity, killing capacity, and/or oxidative burst activities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate oxidative burst and phagocytic activities of peripheral blood neutrophils from tumor‐bearing dogs before therapy and compare them with neutrophil function of healthy control dogs. Methods: Heparinized whole blood was obtained from dogs with high‐grade lymphoma (n=23), sarcoma (n=13), or carcinoma (n=11), and healthy control dogs (n=11) for flow cytometric evaluation of oxidative burst and phagocytic activities. Percentage of bursting cells and amount of oxidative burst activity were determined after stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or Escherichia coli. Percentage of phagocytic cells and amount of phagocytic activity were determined after incubation with fluorescent E. coli. Results: Compared with control dogs, dogs with sarcoma (P=.004) and carcinoma (P=.05) had a lower percentage of neutrophils exhibiting oxidative burst activity after stimulation with PMA. Phagocytic activity was significantly lower in dogs with sarcomas compared with control dogs (P<.0001) and dogs with lymphoma (P=.01). Conclusions: Untreated carcinomas and sarcomas in dogs may suppress the percentage of neutrophils capable of oxidative burst when stimulated by PMA. Furthermore, sarcomas also may suppress the amount of phagocytic activity per neutrophil. Until further studies can be performed, the clinical significance of these findings is unknown.     

Serial evaluation of neutrophil function in tumour‐bearing dogs undergoing chemotherapy

We hypothesized that neutrophil function in tumour‐bearing dogs is negatively impacted by chemotherapy. Flow cytometric techniques were used to assess neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytic activities at baseline, 7 and 21 days after induction chemotherapy in 20 dogs with lymphoma. Dogs had a lower percentage of neutrophils exhibiting oxidative burst activity after stimulation with Escherichia coli (day 7; P = 0.009) and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) (days 7 and 21; P = 0.0003 and P = 0.01, respectively), compared with healthy controls. From day 0 to 7, the percentage of neutrophils exhibiting oxidative burst activity decreased after stimulation with E. coli (P = 0.016) and PMA (P = 0.0006). Induction chemotherapy suppresses the percentage of neutrophils capable of oxidative burst in dogs with lymphoma, with improvement in phagocytic activity over time (P = 0.03). The impact of neutrophil dysfunction on incidence and severity of sepsis in dogs receiving chemotherapy should be investigated.     

Influence of Dexamethasone on Some Cellular Aspects of the Immune System in Cats

In view of the frequent use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of cats, we studied the effect of dexamethasone on their immunological system. The phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated by cytometric analysis using commercial kits and the subpopulations of lymphocytes were assessed. Neutrophilia and monocytosis reduced phagocytic activity, as shown from the number of phagocytized bacteria, and variations in the intensity of the oxidative burst in activated neutrophils and monocytes were observed. Dexamethasone also caused an increase in the number of B lymphocytes.     

Phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of phagocytic cells in peripheral blood and uterine washings in cows with clinical endometritis before and after intrauterine use of cephapirin and methisoprinol

The aim of the study was to evaluate phagocytic and killing activity of phagocytic cells in blood and uterine flush of cows with endometritis before and after intrauterine (i.u.) administration of cephapirin and methisoprinol. The research was carried out on 28 cows with clinical endometritis. Animals were divided into four groups, each composed of seven cows, depending on the i.u. treatment used: Group A—cephapirin; Group B—methisoprinol; Group C—cephapirin and methisoprinol at the same time; and a control group—without medication. Using flow cytometry technique, the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes was identified, as well as the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and uterine washings. Summarizing the results of the research, i.u. infusion of cephapirin caused a reduction in the phagocytic and killing activity of phagocytes. The i.u. use of methisoprinol increased phagocytic and killing activity of phagocytes in the uterus. Administering both listed substances simultaneously showed a decrease in phagocytosis, presumably due to the dominating inhibitor effect of the antibiotic. However, also an increase of mean fluorescence intensity was observed, presumably caused by the methisoprinol. Intrauterine use of immunostimulatory substances, can improve the effectiveness of the treatment of endometritis in cows.     

猪精子质量的流式细胞检测分析

本试验将流式细胞术应用于猪精子分析,同时检测精子功能的多个特性,以保证精子具备多种特性且功能完整,顺利完成授精过程。分别采用SYBR-14/PI（Propidium Iodide）、YO-PRO-1/PI、PNA/PI及Mito Tracker/YO-PRO-1 4种染色方法对荣昌猪精子的质膜完整性、细胞凋亡、顶体完整性及线粒体功能进行了检测和分析;以SYBR-14⁺/PI^-表示质膜完整的活精子,YO-PRO-1^-/PI^-表示活精子,PNA^-/PI^-表示未发生顶体反应的活精子,Mito Tracker⁺/YO-PRO-1^-表示线粒体活性高的活精子,以上述检测指标的综合结果判定精子功能的完整性。本试验通过流式细胞术对荣昌猪精子进行质量检测和分析,结果表明,该方法可为临床诊断种猪不孕症提供理论依据,对有效治疗不孕症有重要意义。     

Detection and Analysis of the Pig Sperm Quality by Flow Cytometry

The flow cytometry was used in this trail to determine the pig sperm quality,in order to ensure the sperm had complete functions during the fertilization process.Four stain methods of SYBR-14/PI (Propidium Iodide),YO-PRO-1/PI,PNA/PI,Mito tracker/YO-PRO-1 were used to detect the plasma membrane integrity,apoptosis,top body ntegrity and mitochondrial function of Rongchang pig sperm.SYBR-14⁺/PI^- expressed live sperm with complete plasma membrane,YO-PRO-1^-/PI^- expressed live sperm,PNA^-/PI^- expressed live sperm had no top body reaction,and Mito Tracker⁺/YO-PRO-1^-expressed live sperm with high mitochondrial activity.The functional integrity of the tested sperm was evaluated according to the above comprehensive results.Through the study of Rongchang pig sperm quality detection by flow cytometry,it suggested that the method could provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis,and was very important for swine infertility treatments.     

Immunophenotyping of Leukocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood and Palatine Tonsils of Prefattening Pigs

The quantitative and distribution patterns of porcine peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphoid/myeloid cell subsets were assessed in order to establish the immune status of farm pigs prior to their transfer to fattening units. Peripheral blood and tonsillar samples were taken from clinically healthy, nonvaccinated, 12-week-old pigs, either ex vivo or following euthanasia. Single-colour flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with the swine leukocyte cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens, gave the proportions of lymphoid (9.7% CD4⁺, 8.0% CD8⁺, 36.9% CD5a⁺, 20.3% CD16⁺, 6.9% CD21⁺, 86.3% CD45⁺, 41.8% CD45RA⁺, 48.3% CD45RC⁺), null cells (6.9%) and myeloid cells (23.7% CD11b⁺ and 5.4% SWC3a⁺) in peripheral blood. In situ identification and distribution of lymphoid cells in the tonsils (CD3a⁺, CD21⁺, CD45RA⁺, CD45RC⁺) was performed with anti-CD mAbs using the avidin–biotin complex method. Most CD3a⁺ cells were in the parafollicular areas, with many cells in the follicles. CD21⁺ cells were scattered throughout the parafollicular area, with only a few cells inside lymphoid follicles. CD45RA⁺ cells were mostly concentrated in the follicles but many positive cells were present in the parafollicular area. Many CD45RC⁺ cells were visible in the parafollicular area, a few positive cells were in the crypt epithelium, and single cells were inside the follicles.     

鲤鱼诱导型一氧化氮合成酶全长cDNA克隆及其在外周血白细胞中的差异表达分析

试验旨在获得鲤鱼诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)cDNA全长序列,并以此为基础探讨在丝裂原刺激下外周血白细胞中iNOS的表达变化。以从鲤鱼正常外周血白细胞cDNA文库中获得的iNOS的EST序列为基础,采用基因文库筛选和cDNA5'末端快速扩增技术(5'-RACE)相结合的方法,成功扩增出鲤鱼iNOScDNA全长序列,然后进行鲤鱼外周血白细胞原代培养,分成对照组和试验组,其中试验组分别为脂多糖(LPS,1.0μg/mL)刺激4、12h,刀豆蛋白A(ConA,1.0μg/mL)刺激4、24h,对照组为相同培养时间无丝裂原刺激的外周血白细胞,根据得到的iNOScDNA全长序列和鲤鱼β-actin序列分别设计特异性引物,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组外周血白细胞中iNOS在mRNA水平上的表达情况并进行分析。序列分析结果显示,最后获得的cDNA片段共3704bp,包含74bp的5'端非编码区,246bp的3'端非编码区,一个3384bp的完整的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码1127个氨基酸。序列同源性分析结果显示,该序列与鲫鱼iNOS基因同源性高达100%;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,经LPS、ConA刺激的试验组外周血白细胞中iNOS表达量均升高,且短时间(4h)刺激的表达量高于长时间(LPS12h;ConA24h)刺激的表达量。综上所述,在LPS、ConA刺激过程中,iNOS在外周血白细胞中表达量均有上调,结果提示存在炎症反应的动态变化。     

Cloning of Carp Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Full-length cDNA and its Differential Expression Analysis in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

The study was aimed to obtain carp iNOS cDNA full-length sequence, and investigate the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte expression of iNOS in the stimulation of different mitogens.Based on EST sequences of iNOS that obtained from carp normal peripheral blood leukocytes cDNA library, full-length cDNA sequence of carp iNOS was successfully amplified by using gene library screening and rapid-amplification of cDNA 5'ends (5'-RACE) method.Carp peripheral blood leukocytes were divided into control and experimental groups and cultured.The experimental groups were stimulated by LPS (1.0 μg/mL) and ConA (1.0 μg/mL) for 4 and 12 h, respectively.And control groups were in the same cultured conditon time without mitogen stimulated.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of iNOS in peripheral blood leukocytes of each group.The results showed that the cDNA fragment was total 3 704 bp containing 74 bp 5'untranslated region (UTR), 246 bp 3'UTR and a 3 384 bp ORF encoding 1 127 amino acids.Sequence homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp iNOS shared 100% identity with Carassius auratus.After LPS and ConA stimulation, the iNOS expression of peripheral blood leukocytes in the experimental groups were increased, and the expression in the short time stimulation condition (4 h) was higher than the long time (LPS 12 h; ConA 24 h).In conclusion, iNOS expression of peripheral blood leukocytes was raised after LPS and ConA stimulation, suggesting that there were dynamic changes in the inflammation.     

The Activity Ratio of the Cytosolic MDH/LDH and the Isoenzyme Pattern of LDH in the Peripheral Leukocytes of Dogs,Cats and Rabbits

The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats. Rabbits had significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations than dogs or cats. Feline leukocytes showed higher LDH and lower MDH activities than canine or rabbit leukocytes. The M/L ratio, defined as the MDH activity divided by the LDH activity in cytosolic fractions, was considered to be a good indicator with which to evaluate the metabolic state in animal tissues. The M/L ratio was highest in canine and lowest in feline leukocytes. LDH-2 and LDH-3 isoenzymes were dominant in canine leukocytes. LDH-1 and LDH-2 were dominant in rabbit leukocytes, whereas LDH-5 was dominant in feline leukocytes. It was evident that there were significant differences in energy metabolism between the leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats.     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜淋巴细胞增殖活性、氧化应激和免疫应激的调控作用

本试验旨在通过体外细胞培养技术培养肉仔鸡肠道淋巴细胞,建立体外脂多糖(LPS)和双氧水(H2O2)应激模型,研究不同浓度的谷氨酰胺(Gln)对肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖活性和抗氧化的调控作用,为Gln营养改善肠道健康状态提供理论依据.从肉仔鸡空肠分离出淋巴细胞,制得细胞悬液,在Gln终浓度分别为0、10、50、100、200μ...     

氧化应激状态下仔猪海马差异表达miRNAs与转录组的关联分析

旨在解析仔猪脑海马背、腹侧区域参与氧化应激反应的小RNA(miRNA)靶基因及可能的调节机制.本研究基于前期投放到基因表达数据库(GEO)中的miRNAs和转录组数据包,采用生物信息学分析方法,对氧化应激荣昌仔猪脑海马背、腹侧区域差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测,并将预测的结果和转录组数据进行重叠筛选,将筛选得到的m...     

Effect of Olive Leaves or Marigold Petal Extract on Oxidative Stress,Gut Fermentative Activity,and Mucosa Morphology in Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Rich in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats

An experiment in broilers was conducted to investigate the effect of olive (Olea europea) leaves and marigold (Calendula officinalis) petal extract supplementation on oxidative stress, characteristics of intestinal contents, and on the morphology of the small intestine. Oxidative stress was induced by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich diet. 1-day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308, were housed in a deep litter system. After the first 21 days, animals were randomly divided into three groups of 16 animals in two replicates and fed, until slaughter on day 39, a diet that contained 7% linseed oil. Control diet (Cont) remained unsupplemented, while both experimental diets were supplemented with olive leaves (OliveEx) or marigold petal (MarigEx) extracts. Oxidative stress was evaluated in blood and liver by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes), rate of DNA damage in lymphocytes and in blood (comet assay, 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and activity of antioxidant and liver enzymes in blood. In different parts of the intestine, levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and viscosity of intestinal contents were measured, and the health of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed using histological measurements. OliveEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the MDA and 8-OHdG concentration in plasma, and the level of ethanoic acid in small intestinal contents and total SCFA in caecum, indicating improved oxidative status and increased microbial activity in the intestine. MarigEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of lymphocyte DNA damage and the crypt depth in duodenum, indicating potentially beneficial effects on the immune system and the health of the small intestine. In conclusion, dietary OliveEx and MarigEx supplementation improved some markers of oxidative stress and intestinal health. However, positive effects could be more pronounced in more unfavorable environmental conditions or in cases of diseases, but further studies are needed.