苜蓿新品系Dy-2006亲缘关系的SSR分析

应用SSR分子标记对苜蓿新品系Dy-2006等6个苜蓿品种(品系)亲缘关系进行了分析.8对SSR引物共扩增出128个位点,106个位点显多态性,多态位点比率82.81%;不同苜蓿品种(品系)SSR多态性百分率存在一定差异,在32.81%～45.31%之间.遗传相似度(F)和遗传距离(D)的变化分别范围在0.9062～0.9689和0.0326～0.0762.聚类分析结果显示,新品系Dy-2006与龙牧801亲缘关系相对较近,与阿尔冈金亲缘关系较远,并与其它供试品种存在一定差异,为一个相对独立的品系.     

26个草地早熟禾品种同工酶的谱带特征

分析了26个草地早熟禾Poa pratensis品种的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶谱带特征,对凝胶进行双波长实物扫描,以品种间欧氏距离为遗传参数进行聚类分析.酯酶同工酶谱带特征为:谱带数为12～36,其中Bar 5469谱带最多(36条),Fortuna谱带最少(12条),在相对迁移率(Rf)为0.05～0.15的位点供试各品种Bar 5469谱带最多(8条),Limousine最少(1条);在Rf＞0.67的位点各品种谱带均较少,当欧氏距离大于5.4时,26个品种可聚为2个一级类群,当欧氏距离大于4.3时可分为3个二级类群,当欧氏距离大于2.8时分为4个三级类群.过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱特征为:谱带数较酯酶少,为5～23条,Geronino谱带数最多(23条),Bar 5649和18号Merit最少(5条),在Rf＜0.65的位点,Bar 5649和Merit谱带数最少(4条),Barlin、Cynthia和Geronino最多(10条);在Rf为0.67～0.98位点处,Merit最少(1条),Geronino最多(13条).当欧氏距离大于5.3时,可以分为2个一级类群,当欧氏距离大于3.4时,分为3个2级类群,当欧氏距离大于2.7时可分为4个三级类群,结合2种谱带特征为草地早熟禾品种利用和区分提供间接依据.     

干旱胁迫对不同品种苜蓿POD同工酶的影响

为了研究干旱胁迫对苜蓿的过氧化物(POD)同工酶的影响,试验采用聚丙酰胺凝胶方法,测定了聚乙二醇(PEG)干旱胁迫处理对12种不同品种的苜蓿幼苗POD同工酶酶谱的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫对不同品种苜蓿的POD同工酶酶带数量和酶活性产生一定的影响,苜蓿各品种间及干旱胁迫处理后的酶带数有所不同,POD同工酶谱带最多有10条,最少有4条。不同苜蓿品种的POD同工酶酶谱在A区的酶带变化较小,酶活性较强;B区出现新酶带,但酶活性较弱;C区酶带变化不同,酶活性最弱。     

勒代诺白三叶与六个白三叶品种的同工酶比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对勒代诺白三叶和其它几个白三叶品种的过氧化物酶与酯酶同工酶进行了检测,根据酶谱的形态特征进行了比较研究.结果表明,勒代诺白三叶与其它六个品种间有一定同源性,但其遗传组成存在明显差异,在过氧化物酶与酯酶两位点已形成独特的遗传结构.     

长江2号多花黑麦草及双亲的同工酶初步研究

以新品系长江2号多花黑麦草及亲本品种赣选1号、阿伯德为材料,对其幼苗酯酶(Est)、过氧化物酶(Pod)同工酶进行研究,以鉴定长江2号与其双亲亲子关系的真实性.结果表明,在酯酶酶谱中长江2号的酶带全部来自双亲,同时计算所得的相似系数也表明它与亲本的亲缘关系最近.过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱很相似,说明长江2号继承了亲本的基因位点,它与亲本有相同或相似的遗传基础.以上的结果初步证明了新品系长江2号与其亲本亲子关系的真实性.     

不同苜蓿品种过氧化物同工酶分析

为了研究不同苜蓿品种间的亲缘关系,试验利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对30个苜蓿品种幼叶时期的过氧化物(POD)同工酶进行亲缘关系分析。结果表明:不同苜蓿品种间POD同工酶酶谱具有一定的差异性,在亲缘关系上供试品种可大致划分为4类,分类结果与品种的来源和地理位置有相关性。根据酶带的有无、活性差异以及聚类分析结果,可以初步探讨30个苜蓿品种间的亲缘关系。     

紫花苜蓿多叶型与三叶型品种同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对国外2种多叶型苜蓿及国内外5种三叶型苜蓿幼苗的5种同工酶进行了测定,将酶谱数量化,应用SPSS统计软件求出各品种间的遗传一致度及欧氏遗传距离,并进行了聚类分析.结果表明:1)测定的5种同工酶中过氧化物酶(PER)、酯酶(EST)、淀粉酶(AMY)具有多态性,综合此3种酶酶谱可以鉴定供试的7个品种;2)2个多叶型品种具有一共同特征酶带PER-4,国内品种的过氧化物酶活性明显高于国外品种;3)品种间的遗传一致度为0.826～0.952,欧氏遗传距离为0.500～1.118,多叶型品种间遗传一致度为0.904,欧氏遗传距离为0.500;4)等级聚类分析结果为,以欧氏遗传距离0.400为分界,供试品种分为3类,2个多叶型品种为一类,其余的5种三叶型品种分为另两类.     

结缕草属植物杂交育种及其杂种鉴定——同工酶的变异分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对结缕草属14个杂交组合的亲本与后代的过氧化物酶与酯酶酶谱进行分析,结果表明:1)结缕草属植物在后营养期有20条迁移率不同的过氧化物酶酶带与19条迁移率不同的酯酶酶带,据酶带的相对迁移率及其分布特点将过氧化物酶酶谱分为A、B、C三个区,酯酶酶谱分为A、B、C、D四个区;2)结缕草的杂交后代在酶带数目以及酶带活性强弱方面与双亲存在较大的差异,而且还出现了数量不等的双亲所没有的“特征酶带”;3)在所鉴定的44个后代中,有25个后代具有父本的特征带,2个后代具有其他任何材料均没有的一条特征带,这27个后代可以初步鉴定为真杂种。     

长江2号多花黑麦草及双亲的同工酶初步研究

以新品系长江2号多花黑麦草及亲本品种赣选1号、阿伯德为材料,对其幼苗酯酶(Est)、过氧化物酶(Pod)同工酶进行研究,以鉴定长江2号与其双亲亲子关系的真实性。结果表明,在酯酶酶谱中长江2号的酶带全部来自双亲,同时计算所得的相似系数也表明它与亲本的亲缘关系最近。过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱很相似,说明长江2号继承了亲本的基因位点,它与亲本有相同或相似的遗传基础。以上的结果初步证明了新品系长江2号与其亲本亲子关系的真实性。     

东川银合欢POD、EST和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法,对云南省5个银合欢品种和1个金合欢品种种质资源的过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶酶谱进行了分析,并依据不同种质材料间酶带特征的不同,利用酶带迁移率和酶谱相似系数分析研究了6个品种种质间的亲源关系及遗传多样性.结果表明:6个品种种质资源酶谱带数目、迁移率、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …