中卫山羊皮肤毛囊生长发育规律

对中卫山羊初生至周岁期间皮肤及毛囊生长发育做了系统研究。结果表明,中卫山羊毛囊群分布具有较高的稳定性,三毛囊群约占80.35％:初级毛囊在半岁前全部发育成熟,而次级毛囊至周岁龄前仍在继续发育形成,因此,S/P初生时为3.26,周岁时5.50;毛囊密度随年龄增长呈下降趋势,初生、1月龄、6月龄、周岁分别为54.50、47.60、39.06、35.74个/毫米~2;皮肤厚度、毛囊内外径及壁厚、毛囊深度及毛球宽度等随年龄增长而增大,但性别间差异不显著:表皮层和真皮层所占皮肤厚度的比例在各年龄阶段相对稳定,分别为3.5％和96.5％;毛纤维细度,密度以及绒毛与两型毛之比随年龄增长呈上升趋势;初生时皮肤厚度是影响周岁龄毛绒密度的决定因素,选择皮肤薄的个体留种有利于品种毛、绒产量的提高。     

南江黄羊与藏山羊杂交的效果分析

以南江黄羊为父本改良理县藏山羊所获得的杂交一代存活率达 1 2 4 2 8% ,较藏山羊的存活率1 1 3 78%提高 1 0 5个百分点 ,F1代初生重公、母分别为 2 1 9± 0 2 4kg和 1 78± 0 2 8kg ,较藏山羊 (♂ ) 1 75± 0 2 6kg ,,(♂ ) 1 4 0± 0 2 9kg相比差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,F1代不同月龄体重与相应的藏山羊组差异极显著(P <0 0 1 ) ;F1代不同月龄体尺与相应的藏山羊组差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ;F1代生长发育快 ,适应性强 ,1 8月龄阉羊和母羊体重分别可达 2 7 6 9± 2 77kg、2 5 85± 2 2 9kg ,较 1 8月龄藏山羊 1 9 30±3 38kg、1 6 86± 2 4 5kg ,分别增重 43 4 7%、5 3 32 % ;杂交一代羊 1 8月龄均可出栏 ,而藏山羊 30月龄以后方可出栏。     

应用动物模型REML法估计金华猪生长性状遗传参数

资料取自金华猪场 1979～ 1999年金华后备猪生长发育测定记录。采用动物模型约束性最大似然法 (REML) ,对该猪群的遗传参数进行估计。测定 14 18头金华后备猪的生长发育记录。结果表明 :4月龄、6月龄的体质量、体长、体高、胸围、腿臀围、膘厚、2～ 6月平均日增体质量的遗传力分别为 0 .4 8± 0 .12、0 .4 7± 0 .12、0 .4 9± 0 14、0 4 8± 0 .14、0 .4 3± 0 .12、0 .4 1± 0 .11、0 .4 8± 0 .14、0 .30± 0 .13,与国内外文献报道结果相近。初生与 6 0日龄、6 0日龄体质量与 4月龄体质量、6 0日龄体质量与 6月龄体质量、4月龄体质量与 6月龄体高、6月龄体质量与 6月龄体高的遗传相关分别为0 .5 3、0 .5 8、0 .4 2、0 .4 8和 0 4 3,为中高强度相关。而 4月龄体质量与 6月龄体质量 (rA0 .84、rp0 .78)、4月龄体质量与 6月龄体长 (rA0 .88、rp0 .71)、4月龄体质量与 6月龄胸围 (rA0 .6 1、rp0 .5 5 )、6月龄体质量与 6月龄体长 (rA0 .84、rp0 .82 )、6月龄体质量与 6月龄胸围 (rA0 .74、rp0 .82 )均呈强的正相关     

陇东绒山羊皮肤毛囊发生发育规律研究

对陇东绒山羊进行皮肤切片制作,实验室显微观测毛囊发生发育情况。结果表明：陇东绒山羊羔羊初生时初级毛囊已发育完全;6月龄时次级毛囊发育成熟。皮肤毛囊深度、宽度、密度、活性及s/p值随季节,以年为周期呈规律性变化。s/p值母羔6月龄时（11.2±1.9）、母羊周岁及2岁期9月份（11.5±1.0、11.5±2.1）、公羔6月龄时（11.2±1.2）最大,s/p值与绒毛的生长发育相关,具有品种特性,可以作为间接选择指标进行早期选择。     

内蒙古白绒山羊超数排卵及鲜胚移植技术的应用

本次试验以 1 3 8IU、1 5 0IU、1 62IU三种剂量FSH ,在供体羊发情的第 1 5、1 6、1 7天开始超排 ,3 4只供体的超排结果如下 :排卵点平均为 1 3 1 4± 6.70 ;胚胎回收平均为 1 2 .5 6± 6.3 0枚 ;可用胚胎平均为1 0 .2 4± 6.1 4枚。第 1 6、1 7天起 ,剂量为 1 5 0IU组的超排效果最好 ,但无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。将 2 69枚胚胎移植到 2 4 9只受体 ,妊娠率为 70 2 8% ;产羔率为 67 0 6% ;共产 1 78只羔羊 ,受体羊与供体羊发情同期化程度、黄体质量、胚龄等因素对妊娠率影响较大 ,但无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。用氯前列烯醇诱导发情不影响受体妊娠率     

波尔山羊与南江黄羊杂交选育效果初报

以波尔山羊为父本,南江黄羊为母本,进行杂交选育,波黄F1代较南江黄羊体型有明显改进,肉用特征明显,初生重和生长发育得到明显提高。公羔初生重3.0±0.50kg,2月龄断奶重11.40±1.68kg,6月龄体重30.4±4.43kg,周岁体重57.3±4.82kg,比南江黄羊分别提高0.50kg、1.60kg、3.60kg和11.3kg;母羔初生重2.60±0.48kg;2月龄断奶重9.35±1.82kg,6月龄体重27.1±7.35kg,周岁体重49.0±5.20kg,比南江黄羊分别提高0.28kg、0.95kg、6.4kg和10.8kg。     

波尔山羊与黄淮山羊杂交选育效果初报

以波尔山羊为父本，黄淮山羊为母本，开展杂交选育，波黄F1较黄淮山羊体型有明显改进，肉用特征明显，初生重和生长发育得到明显提高。公羔初生重3.12±0.22kg，2月龄断奶重14.29±1.47kg，6月龄体重32.55±4.38kg，周岁体重48.44±4.67kg，比黄淮山羊分别提高1.38kg、3.73kg、11.32kg和16.66kg；母羔初生重2.43±0.23kg，2月龄断奶重13.51±1.82kg，6月龄体重27.14±8.61kg，周岁体重40.79±5.26kg，比黄淮山羊分别提高0.83kg、3.84kg、10.60kg和13.2kg。     

山羊补饲育肥效果好

选择 5～ 6月龄本地去势公羊 16只 ,平均体重 2 0kg左右。随机分为对照、试验两个组 ,每组 8只 ,放牧饲养 ,条件相同。试验组每天每只羊补料 2 5 0g ,对照组只放牧不补料。经 75天饲养 ,试验组只平均增重 11 41± 0 6 3kg,日增重平均 15 2 1± 8 3g;对照组只平均增重 6 3 8± 0 .5 7kg ,平均日增重 85± 7.6g ,差异极显著。扣除成本 ,试验组比对照组平均每只羊多增收 3 2 47元。     

德国美利奴与小尾寒羊F_1母羊生长发育与繁殖规律研究

对 2 2 3只德寒F1母羊的生长发育规律研究结果表明 ,F1母羊初生重提高 4 0 .0 % ;6月龄前体高小于小尾寒羊 ,9月龄到周岁时超过小尾寒羊 ;体长与小尾寒羊无差异 ;胸围和体重显著大于小尾寒羊。成年母羊体尺和体重都大于小尾寒羊 ,属于大体型羊。F1母羊初情期较小尾寒羊晚 2 1.1d ,初配月龄和初产月龄两者接近 ,初配体重较小尾寒羊提高 10 .6kg ;F1母羊发情周期、发情持续期、怀孕期与小尾寒羊相比无区别。产后第 1次发情比小尾寒羊提前 7～ 10d。     

Romilly·Hills肉用细毛羊与中国美利奴多胎细毛羊杂交效果分析

F1代公、母羔代较中美多胎细毛羊初生重分别下降了 3 4 70 %、2 6 90 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;4月龄、6月龄、8月龄体重提高了 2 0 45 %～ 72 76% ,4月龄、6月龄差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,8月龄差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。F1代出生至 5月龄生长速度最快 ,公、母羔日增重分别为 197 80g/d、170 47g/d ,是中美多胎细毛羊的 2 3 7倍和 1 42倍。横交一代公、母羔较中美多胎细毛羊初生重分别下降了 19 61%、17 77% (P >0 0 5 ) ;4月龄、6月龄、8月龄提高了 6 90 %～ 64 5 6% ,公羔 6月龄、8月龄差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ,母羔 6月龄、8月龄差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。横交一代出生至 6月龄生长速度最快 ,公、母羔日增重分别为 189 0 0g/d、14 3 0 6g/d ,是中美多胎细毛羊的 2 3 0倍和 1 3 9倍。F1代羊毛密度较中美羊存在较大差距 ,且繁殖率较Rmill Hills提高了 3 7 14 %。     

内蒙古阿尔巴斯绒山羊胎儿期皮肤毛囊发生发育规律研究

以阿尔巴斯绒山羊胎儿期55d至初生10个阶段的头顶、颈侧、髫甲、颈上缘、肩胛、体侧、背部、荐部、股部、腹部10个部位皮肤为样品，制作横切和纵切切片，观测皮肤毛囊性状的发育规律。结果表明：各部位表皮在胎龄55～65d均形成完整的结构，在胎龄85～95d达到最厚；真皮厚度在胎龄95～125d增长幅度较大。胎龄55d见到初级毛囊原始体，胎龄65d见到次级毛囊原始体，次级毛囊是初级毛囊的一个分支。胎龄85d见到皮脂腺，胎龄95d绒、毛开始形成，见到汗腺，有粗毛长出体表，绒毛在胎龄115d长出体表。各部位初级毛囊在胎龄95～115d增长速度较快，次级毛囊在胎龄105～125d增长速度较快；初级毛囊密度在胎龄75～85d最大，次级毛囊密度在胎龄105～125d达到最大，S／P在胎龄115d至初生时达到最大。胎龄105d已经形成完整的毛囊群结构，主要为三元毛囊群。     

母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响

本文旨在研究母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响.选择体重、胎次和历史产毛量相近的健康长毛兔母兔54只,随机分为3组,每组18个重复,每个重复1只.妊娠期各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.51％、0.71％和0.91％的饲粮.测定18胎龄、26胎龄、初生和2月龄时仔兔背部皮肤毛囊密度、直径以及2月龄时毛纤维直径.结果...     

Effects of field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) dietary supplementation on plasma thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and mohair characteristics in growing Angora goat kids

Twenty-two Angora kids were used to study the effect of a dietary supplementation with field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) on hair follicle activity, mohair characteristics and plasma total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. At birth, their mothers were divided in two groups (S: supplemented, C: control), the S group being supplemented with 300 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, diet of kids from S group was supplemented with 80 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, secondary hair follicle activity (S: 0.91 ± 0.01, C: 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) and staple length (S: 5.82 ± 0.13 cm, C: 5.16 ± 0.14 cm, p < 0.001) were greater in the S group. At 155 days of age, secondary fibre diameter (S: 16.54 ± 0.35 μm, C: 18.09 ± 0.31 μm, p < 0.01) was higher in the C kids. Concentrations of total plasma T4 and T3 were higher (p < 0.001) in S (120 ± 12 and 4.87 ± 0.92 ng/ml respectively) than in C kids (92 ± 8 and 2.97 ± 0.77 ng/ml respectively). At weaning, T4 values were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary fibre diameter and the T3/T4 ratio was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary to primary hair follicle ratio. At 155 days of age, both T3 and T3/T4 values were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with staple length. Plasma INS (0.11 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and total IGF-1 concentrations (232 ± 13 ng/ml) were not affected by diet. Improvements of diet quality in kids positively affected fibre diameter and length and follicle activity rate. We suggest that increased circulating thyroid hormones concentrations, but not those of INS and IGF-1, may contribute to the beneficial actions of nutritional supplementation on anatomical growth and mohair production of kids.     

内蒙古白绒山羊皮肤毛囊发生发育规律的研究

本文研究了内蒙古白绒山羊从胎儿期到生后期皮肤毛囊的发生发育规律。在胎儿期，从４５日龄开始，每隔１５ｄ，用剖腹产手术的方法取胎儿３～５只，分别在头顶、颈上　甲、背、荐、颈侧、肩、体侧、股和腹等１０个部位采取约１×１ｃｍ的皮肤样本；生后期分初生、１～９个月、１岁、１岁半、２岁和３岁等１４个阶段，每阶段在活羊体侧部采取约１×１ｃｍ的皮肤样本。用石蜡切片法制做皮肤切片。经显微观测，得到如下结果：初级毛囊在胎儿期４５日龄前发生，次级毛囊在７５日龄前发生，皮脂腺和汗腺在７５日龄时出现，竖毛肌在９０日龄出现，粗毛１０５日龄时在全身各部位长出，绒毛在１２０日龄时长出。表皮在６０～７５日龄时形成完整结构，真皮层在７５～９０日龄时分化出乳头层和网状层。初级毛囊的发育在胎儿期１３５日龄时已完成，而次级毛囊发育直至出生后６月龄。毛囊群结构主要为三毛型，少数其它毛型。初次级毛囊比例为１：７～１３。     

Estimates of parameters between direct and maternal genetic effects for weaning weight and direct genetic effects for carcass traits in crossbred cattle

Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained for weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers and carcass records from 4,094 crossbred steers using animal models. Carcass traits included hot carcass weight; retail product percentage; fat percentage; bone percentage; ribeye area; adjusted fat thickness; marbling score, Warner-Bratzler shear force and kidney, pelvic and heart fat percentage. Weaning weight was modeled with fixed effects of age of dam, sex, breed combination, and birth year, with calendar birth day as a covariate and random direct and maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. The models for carcass traits included fixed effects of age of dam, line, and birth year, with covariates for weaning and slaughter ages and random direct and maternal effects. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.4 +/- 0.02 and 0.19 +/- 0.02, respectively. The estimate of direct-maternal genetic correlation for weaning weight was negative (-0.18 +/- 0.08). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to high (0.34 to 0.60). Estimates of genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29), and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). The largest estimates of genetic correlations between maternal genetic effects for weaning weight and direct genetic effects for carcass traits were found for hot carcass weight (0.61), retail product percentage (-0.33), fat percentage (0.33), ribeye area (0.29), marbling score (0.28) and adjusted fat thickness (0.25), indicating that maternal effects for weaning weight may be correlated with genotype for propensity to fatten in steers.     

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy influences offspring wool production and wool follicle development

The effects of maternal nutrition on offspring wool production (quality and quantity) were evaluated. Primiparous Rambouillet ewes (n = 84) were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Selenium treatment [adequate Se (ASe, 9.5 μg/kg of BW) vs. high Se (HSe, 81.8 μg/kg of BW)] was initiated at breeding, and maternal nutritional intake [control (CON, 100% of requirements) vs. restricted (60% of CON) vs. overfed (140% of CON)] was initiated at d 50 of gestation. Lamb birth weight was recorded at delivery, and all lambs were placed on the same diet immediately after birth to determine the effects of prenatal nutrition on postnatal wool production and follicle development. At 180 ± 2.2 d of age, lambs were necropsied and pelt weights were recorded. Wool samples were collected from the side and britch areas, whereas skin samples were collected from the side of each lamb only. Although Se status did not influence side staple length in males, female lambs born from ewes on the ASe treatment had a shorter staple length (P < 0.05) when compared with females from ewes on the HSe treatment. Maternal nutritional intake and Se status did not influence (P ≥ 0.23) wool characteristics on the britch. However, at the britch, wool from female lambs had a reduced comfort factor (P = 0.01) and a greater (P = 0.02) fiber diameter compared with wool from male lambs. Maternal Se supplementation, maternal nutritional plane, sex of the offspring, or their interactions had no effect (P > 0.13) on primary (29.10 ± 1.40/100 μm(2)) and secondary (529.84 ± 21.57/100 μm(2)) wool follicle numbers. Lambs from ASe ewes had a greater (P = 0.03) secondary:primary wool follicle ratio compared with lambs from HSe ewes (20.93 vs. 18.01 ± 1.00). Despite similar postnatal diets, wool quality was affected by maternal Se status and the maternal nutritional plane.     

不同补饲方案对妊娠绒山羊冬春体况及胎儿发育的影响

结合放牧,给妊娠70天的绒山羊补饲精料和粗料,可使其在冬末早春处于增重状态。随着补饲水平的提高,母羊增重、羔羊初生重及初生羔羊皮肤的总体毛囊密度、次级毛囊密度和次级毛囊数与初级毛囊数的比值(S/P)均有不同程度的提高,但初级毛囊密度并不受影响。母体较胎儿对改善营养更敏感,胎儿快速增重与次级毛囊生长同期进行。羔羊出生时绝大多数初级毛囊已进入活动状态,而次级毛囊尚未开始活动。初生羔羊较成年山羊具有较低的S/P值和较高的总体毛囊密度。