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秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响 总被引:62,自引:3,他引:62
通过田间定位试验和土壤理化性质的测定,探讨了秸秆覆盖对川中丘陵区土壤的改良效果及对作物产量的影响。研究结果表明,与对照CK1相比,秸秆覆盖可使土壤总孔隙度增加2.88%~5.76%,土壤容重降低1.86%~3.73%,并且各生育期覆盖处理的土壤含水量均比对照高,并且秸秆覆盖还田对促进土壤团粒结构形成具有较大作用,改善了土壤通透性和保水保肥性;同时秸秆覆盖还田使土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾得到明显提高,从而培肥地力。试验表明随秸秆覆盖量的增加,作物增产效果越明显。 相似文献
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研究了不同的作物秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田对土壤物理性质的影响明显,与单施化肥的对照相比,秸秆还田处理的土壤容重下降。添加了秸秆的处理都比单施化肥的对照稻谷产量高,最多增产500.00 kg/hm~2,增产率为7.62%;添加了秸秆腐熟菌剂的秸秆还田处理均比不添加秸秆腐熟菌剂的秸秆还田处理的稻谷产量高,最多增产438.34 kg/hm~2,增产率为6.62%。化肥+麦秸+腐熟菌剂与化肥+油菜秸+腐熟菌剂的稻谷产量最高。不同的秸秆还田处理都比单施化肥处理的有效穗多。秸秆还田能够改善土壤的物理性质,增加水稻的产量。 相似文献
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地膜覆盖及土壤理化性质对玉米产量的效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
邢恩荣 《沈阳农业大学学报》1989,20(1):81-84
我们于1985年在玉米田间进行了覆膜栽培条件下,土壤有机质矿化率及土壤理化性质的研究。结果证实了覆膜栽培的增产效应,在探讨覆膜对土壤有机质矿化及土壤理化、生化等性状效应的基础上,为覆膜栽培持续高产的机理积累了有关资料。1 试验材料与方法 相似文献
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以玉米秸秆还田为研究对象,在宁夏同心县河西镇农场村进行了持续4年的秸秆还田试验,研究不同秸秆还田量对土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响,以期为宁夏耕地地力培肥提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明:秸秆还田可有效降低土壤容质量,增加土壤有机质、全氮含量,对碱解氮的提高也有一定的帮助,秸秆还田对土壤理化性状的影响随着土层深度的加深而减弱;对土壤容质量和有机质的影响随着还田量的增加效果更为明显,但全氮和碱解氮与还田量关系不大;玉米累积产量随着还田量的增加而提高。当秸秆还田量达到600 kg/667 m~2时土壤容质量显著降低,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量也较高,玉米籽粒累积产量最高;当秸秆还田量达到800 kg/667 m~2时对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响与600 kg/667 m~2差异不大,因此,综合本研究结果及宁夏干旱地区玉米秸秆生物量,宁夏干旱地区玉米秸秆还田量以600 kg/667 m~2为宜。 相似文献
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为了探讨秸秆还田与地膜覆盖对东北稻区土壤改良及水稻增产的效果,选用吉粳88作为试验材料,在覆膜移栽(F)和不覆膜(F0)移栽2种栽培模式下设5组秸秆还田量梯度:0%、20%、40%、60%、100%(S0、S1、S2、S3、S4),探究秸秆还田和地膜覆盖对稻区土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响.结果 显示:在相同秸秆还田量下,覆膜处理土壤容重、pH值均低于不覆膜处理,覆膜处理土壤全氮、有机质(除S0处理)、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量均高于不覆膜处理;且无论覆膜与否,随着秸秆还田量的增加,土壤容重、pH值均呈先降低再增加的趋势,土壤全氮、有机质(除S0处理)、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量均呈先增加再降低的趋势.在相同秸秆还田量处理下,与不覆膜相比,地膜覆盖处理提高了籽粒产量;且随还田量的增加,籽粒产量呈先增加后降低的趋势.综上,60%的秸秆还田量与地膜覆盖相结合更能有效地培肥土壤,提高水稻产量. 相似文献
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施用不同粪肥对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在比较分析鸡、牛、猪三种粪肥养分和污染物含量基础上,以玉米为试材,研究不同粪肥与化肥配施对土壤理化性质及玉米产量变化的影响。试验结果表明:农田配合施用粪肥能够明显提高玉米产量,改善土壤结构,减少化肥的施用量。其中试验以施用鸡粪效果最好,土壤理化性质明显提高,与对照相比,全氮量、速效氮、全磷量、速效磷、速效钾含量及有机质含量分别提高39.33%、84.8%、27.65%、109.7%、12.9%和11.35%。玉米产量比对照增产12.81%,化肥施用量减少30%以上。 相似文献
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【目的】研究紫云英和稻草还田替代部分化肥对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响,为水稻合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以红壤性水稻土为研究对象,以中嘉早17和五优662为早、晚季试验材料,通过田间定位试验,在等量氮磷钾养分施用条件下,研究单施NPK化肥(F)、紫云英(早稻基肥)+NPK化肥(G)、紫云英(早稻基肥)+稻草(晚稻基肥)+NPK化肥(GS)、稻草(早、晚稻基肥)+NPK化肥(S)4个处理对双季水稻产量及其构成因素,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硅和水溶性硅养分含量及容重、总孔隙度、pH、交换性酸、CEC、盐基饱和度的影响。【结果】4个处理早稻产量差异不显著,晚稻产量处理S、GS、G差异不显著,但均显著高于处理F,增幅为9.4%~11.8%(P0.05)。早、晚稻结实率处理S、GS、G较处理F增幅分别为5.4%~8.8%(P0.05)和7.1%~13.9%(P0.05)。土壤容重处理GS、S显著低于处理F、G,而总孔隙度则相反。土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效硅含量处理G、GS、S较处理F增幅分别为10.5%~30.4%(P0.05)、18.0%~25.7%(P0.05)、18.0%~37.1%(P0.05)和35.8%~60.2%(P0.05),而速效钾和水溶性硅含量处理间差异不显著。土壤pH值,处理S、GS与G差异不显著,但均高于处理F,增幅分别为7.4%(P0.05)、5.4%(P0.05)和3.7%。交换性酸处理S、GS和G均显著高于处理F,增幅为51.6%~118.0%(P0.05)。CEC由大到小依次为处理S、GS、G、F,而盐基饱和度处理F显著高于处理G、GS和S,增幅为9.2%~17.0%(P0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量与有效硅含量均呈线性相关,相关系数分别为0.930 9、0.973 2~*和0.991 1~*。土壤pH、交换性酸和CEC与有效硅含量均呈显著线性相关,相关系数分别为0.994 0~*、0.950 9~*和0.989 5~*。【结论】早稻紫云英还田结合晚稻稻草还田替代部分化肥有利于改善土壤理化性质,提高水稻周年产量。 相似文献
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长期不同施肥对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过连续10年的定位监测试验,研究了长期不同施肥对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响。第10年监测结果表明,每季作物施用猪厩肥或秸秆还田能提高作物产量,促进土壤养分含量的提高;施K2O575 kg/hm2处理达不到农田土壤中钾素供需平衡的要求,在生产中还需增加对钾肥的施用量,才能达到作物吸收与土壤供需平衡的目的。 相似文献
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为预测蛋鸡粪便中肥料成分的含量,对其理化指标和肥料成分含量进行测定,统计分析结果表明:密度与磷含量呈二次相关关系(R2=0.716),与钾含量为线性相关关系(R2=0.722),通过测定密度可以预测蛋鸡粪便总磷和总钾的含量;电导率与总氮、总磷、总钾含量均为正线性相关关系,相关系数分别为0.509、0.726和0.846,利用电导率可以预测总氮、总磷和总钾的含量;随着蛋鸡粪便溶液稀释倍数的增加,其肥料成分含量与电导率的回归方程的相关系数均为先增大后减小。利用常规实验室仪器电导仪和比重计可以实现对蛋鸡粪便中肥料成分含量的快速预测。 相似文献
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A. C. C. Bernardi G. M. Bettiol R. P. Ferreira K. E. L. Santos L. M. Rabello R. Y. Inamasu 《Precision Agriculture》2016,17(6):737-752
Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil properties and of forage yield is needed for informed use of soil inputs such as variable rate technology (VRT) for lime and fertilizers. The objective of this research was to map and evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties, yield, lime and fertilizer needs and economic return of an alfalfa pasture. The study was conducted in a 5.3 ha irrigated alfalfa pasture in Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil that was directly grazed and intensively managed in a 270-paddock rotational system. Alfalfa shoot dry matter yield was evaluated before grazing. Soil samples were collected at 0–0.2 m depth, and each sample represented a group of 2 or 3 paddocks. Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was measured with a contact sensor. The cost of producing 1 ha of alfalfa was estimated from the amount of lime and fertilizer needed and was then used to estimate the total cost of production for the dairy system. The alfalfa dry matter yield was used to simulate the pasture stocking rate, milk yield, gross revenue and net profit. The spatial variability of soil properties and site-specific liming and fertilizer needs were modeled using semi-variograms with VESPER software, the soil fertility information and economic return were modeled with SPRING software. The results showed that geostatistics and GIS were effective tools for revealing soil and pasture spatial variability and supporting management strategies. Soil nutrients were used to classify the soil spatial distribution map and design site-specific lime and fertilizer application maps. Spatial variation in forage and spatial estimates of stocking and milk yield are adequate pasture management tools. Spatial analyses of needs, forage availability and economic return are management tools for avoiding economic problems, as well as potential environmental problems, caused by unbalanced nutrient supplies and over- or under-grazing. 相似文献
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有机肥不同用量与分配方式对小麦花生两作产量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了小麦花生两熟有机肥不同用量与分配方式对作物产量的影响,结果表明,有机肥施用量为89 4t/hm2,小麦产量最高,可达7798 6kg/hm2;花生产量与全年有机肥用量表现一致,分配方式对花生产量的影响与全年施肥量有关,有机肥用量高,分配方式对花生产量影响较小,反之,作用明显。前茬小麦有机肥对后茬花生有较大后效作用,施肥量越少,单位增幅越大。要获得较高的作物产量,有机肥用量至少要达到45t/hm2以上,如果肥源充足,用量可增至75~89t/hm2,最好全部一次性施在前茬小麦上。 相似文献
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土壤调理剂是由农用保水剂及富含有机质、腐殖酸的天然泥炭或其他有机物为主要原料,辅以生物活性成分及营养元素组成,经科学工艺加工而成的产品。试验以木薯品种新选048为材料,土壤调理剂用量为0、450、900、1 350 kg/hm~2,分别在木薯苗期、块根形成期、块根膨大期、工艺成熟期进行数据采集,主要测定木薯发芽率、株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、块根数、块根长等木薯农艺性状,并测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量等物化指标。结果显示土壤调理剂能提高土壤孔隙度和保水能力,增加土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量,从而促进木薯发芽、生长以及对土壤养分的吸收,提高木薯产量。 相似文献
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生物有机肥配施氮素化肥对水稻产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
试验结果表明,施用生物有机肥及配施氮素化肥比常规施肥均能增产。其中早稻增产12.1%-20.5%,晚稻增产7.5%-17.9%;生物有机肥配施一定量氮素化肥均比单施生物有机肥的增产,其中早稻667m^2增3.9-32.7kg,增1.0%~8.4%。晚稻667m^2增20.1-42kg,增产4.6%~9.7%;生物有机肥配施氮素化肥,以667m^2施绿源生物有机肥70kg加尿素4.3kg为好。建议为达到增产增收,在施用时以667m^2施用60kg生物有机肥,配施5-8kg尿素及5kg氯化钾为好。 相似文献
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Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers 下载免费PDF全文
《农业科学学报》2023,22(7):2221-2232
Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary. Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station, seven different fertilization treatments including CK (no fertilization), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer), M (cow manure), NPKM (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with cow manure), NPM (nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure), NKM (nitrogen and potassium with cow manure), and PKM (phosphorus and potassium with cow manure) were applied to study the effects on rice yield, soil fertility, and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field. The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM, NPM, NKM, PKM, M, NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6 214 to 11 562 kg ha–1. Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were 22.58, 15.35, 10.53 and 4.41%, respectively, greater than under the NPK treatment. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer (NPK) treatments. Soil total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment (NPKM, NPM and PKM) were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone (NPK treatments). The average annual rice yield (11 562 kg ha–1), SOC (20.88 g kg–1), TN (2.30 g kg–1), TP (0.95 g kg–1), TK (22.50 g kg–1) and AP (38.94 mg kg–1) concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment. The soil AN concentration (152.40 mg kg–1) and AK contentration (151.00 mg kg–1) were the highest in the NKM treatment. N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments. Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium. Correlation analysis showed that SOC, TN, AN, TP, and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield; the correlation coefficients were 0.428, 0.496, 0.518, 0.501, and 0.438, respectively. This study showed that the combined application of N, P, and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility, but balanced application of N, P, and K with cow manure was required. 相似文献
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本研究探讨不同磷水平对北疆灰漠土棉田土壤化学性质和棉花产量及其构成的影响,为确定最佳施磷量和深入了解当前棉田肥力及棉花生产状况提供实践指导。以“国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站”已进行了5 a的棉田土壤磷素肥力演替特征定位施肥试验为研究对象,本研究对不施肥、不施磷、常规施化肥磷100%、化肥磷减施25%、化肥磷增施25%、化肥磷增施50%处理的土壤化学性质、磷素有效性特征和棉花产量及其构成进行分析。结果表明:随着施磷量的增加,有利于提升土壤养分含量。速效氮、有效磷、速效钾增幅分别在3.0%~16.10%、29.20%~111.77%、70.10%~72.10%之间,各速效养分含量依次与施肥初期相比,年均最高分别增长2.12、1.53、22.85 mg·kg-1。全氮、全磷、全钾增幅分别在21.10%~35.10%、1.60%~54.0%、9.30%~10.90%之间,各全量养分含量依次与施肥初期相比,年均最高分别增长0.03、0.06、0.41 g·kg-1。施磷150 kg·hm-2时,土壤有效磷含量和磷活化能力均显著最强,磷活化系数达2.13%,有效促进了土壤全磷向有效磷的转化。随着施磷量的增加,土壤有机质、有机碳含量均在施磷150 kg·hm-2时显著提升,增幅均在11.86%~36.50%之间,有机质年均增长0.33 g·kg-1左右,由于受北疆石灰性土壤自然特性和气候条件限制,结合碳氮磷比表明土壤有机质处于缺乏状态。对土壤pH和总盐分别呈下降和提升的趋势,范围分别在7.91~8.05和1.55~1.85 g·kg-1之间,但效应均不显著。连续5 a施磷150 kg·hm-2,能在确保棉株整个生育时期养分需求的同时节约磷肥用量且对棉花增产效果最佳,籽棉产量可达4 658 kg·hm-2,与不施肥、不施磷、常规施化肥磷100%相比,分别显著增产16.83%、15.01%、11.63%。本研究综合土壤养分、肥料投入、棉花产量指标,得出在北疆灰漠土棉田施磷150 kg·hm-2较为可行。 相似文献