高速逆流色谱分离纯化雪白睡莲花中的酚类成分

[目的]采用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)分离纯化雪白睡莲花中的酚类成分。[方法]HSCCC分离过程分为两步,分别采用乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水(4∶1∶5)和乙酸乙酯∶正丁醇∶水(4∶1∶5)两个体系,固定相均采用上相,流动相均采用下相,流速为2.0 m L/min,主机转速设定为850 r/min,紫外检测波长为254 nm。高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测纯度。[结果]第一步从200 mg的睡莲花提取物中分离得到异槲皮苷(I,41.4 mg)、紫云英苷(II,40 mg)和一混合物85 mg;第二步从混合物中分离纯化得到isostrictiniin(III,50.1 mg)和烟花苷(IV,26.3 mg),上述4种物质的纯度分别为73.53%、92.42%、82.36%和85.65%。[结论]HSCCC可快速的分离纯化雪白睡莲花中的酚类成分。     

Global tissue revolutions in a morphogenetic movement controlling elongation

Polarized cell behaviors drive axis elongation in animal embryos, but the mechanisms underlying elongation of many tissues remain unknown. Eggs of Drosophila undergo elongation from a sphere to an ellipsoid during oogenesis. We used live imaging of follicles (developing eggs) to elucidate the cellular basis of egg elongation. We find that elongating follicles undergo repeated rounds of circumferential rotation around their long axes. Follicle epithelia mutant for integrin or collagen IV fail to rotate and elongate, which results in round eggs. We present evidence that polarized rotation is required to build a polarized, fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) that constrains tissue shape. Thus, global tissue rotation is a morphogenetic behavior that uses planar polarity information in the ECM to control tissue elongation.     

A reversible synthetic rotary molecular motor

The circumrotation of a submolecular fragment in either direction in a synthetic molecular structure is described. The movement of a small ring around a larger one occurs through positional displacements arising from biased Brownian motion that are kinetically captured and then directionally released. The sense of rotation is governed solely by the order in which a series of orthogonal chemical transformations is performed. The minimalist nature of the [2]catenane flashing ratchet design permits certain mechanistic comparisons with the Smoluchowski-Feynman ratchet and pawl. Even when no work has to be done against an opposing force and no net energy is used to power the motion, a finite conversion of energy is intrinsically required for the molecular motor to undergo directional rotation. Nondirectional rotation has no such requirement.     

Inducing and viewing the rotational motion of a single molecule

Tunneling electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope were used to induce and monitor the reversible rotation of single molecules of molecular oxygen among three equivalent orientations on the platinum(111) surface. Detailed studies of the rotation rates indicate a crossover from a single-electron process to a multielectron process below a threshold tunneling voltage. Values for the energy barrier to rotation and the vibrational relaxation rate of the molecule were obtained by comparing the experimental data with a theoretical model. The ability to induce the controlled motion of single molecules enhances our understanding of basic chemical processes on surfaces and may lead to useful single-molecule devices.     

A reversible, unidirectional molecular rotary motor driven by chemical energy

With the long-term goal of producing nanometer-scale machines, we describe here the unidirectional rotary motion of a synthetic molecular structure fueled by chemical conversions. The basis of the rotation is the movement of a phenyl rotor relative to a naphthyl stator about a single bond axle. The sense of rotation is governed by the choice of chemical reagents that power the motor through four chemically distinct stations. Within the stations, the rotor is held in place by structural features that limit the extent of the rotor's Brownian motion relative to the stator.     

Radio rotation period of jupiter

The results of observations of Jupiter at 18 megacycles per second indicate that the apparent rotation period drifts cyclically about a constant mean value. The most probable drift period appears to be 11.9 years, Jupiter's orbital period. The mean rotation period during one orbital period is about 0.3 second longer than that of the system III (1957.0) period. This is in close agreement with the rotation period deduced from decimetric observations and probably represents the true rotation period of the magnetic field. The cyclic drift in the rotation period of source A at 18 megacycles per second is explained on the basis of beaming of the escaping radiation at an angle 6 degrees north of the magnetic equator. The apparent rotation period of source A depends on the rate of change of the Jovicentric declination of Earth.     

不同水平低中心静脉压对肝叶切除术患者失血量的影响

目的 观察肝叶切除患者术中不同水平低中心静脉压（CVP）对失血量的影响.方法 80例择期肝叶切除手术患者随机分为I组（CVP=1 cmH2O）、Ⅱ组（CVP=2 cmH2O）、Ⅲ组（CVP=3 cmH2O）、Ⅳ组（CVP=4 cmH2O）,每组20例;术中控制CVP水平,并维持动脉收缩压（SBP）≥90mmHg或平均动脉压（MAP）≥60mmHg.记录肝实质离断前、中、后出血量及单位横截面积出血量.结果 肝实质离断过程中,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的MAP水平明显高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（P＜0.01）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间的出血量以及单位横截面积出血量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但均明显少于Ⅳ组（P＜0.01）.结论 控制性低CVP技术可明显减少肝叶切除术中失血量,3 cmH2O CVP可维持围术期血流动力学及减少术中失血量.     

淮南市新老公园木本植物景观及物种多样性对比分析

采用典型样方法对淮南市新建公园和老公园植物景观及物种多样性进行了比较分析,两类公园样地共记录木本植物91种,隶属43科67属。结果表明,新建公园在种类数量、乔灌比值、观花和观叶等观赏特性上高于老公园,而老公园在观果植物种类上显著高于新建公园;新建公园乔木、灌木层重要值最大的树种分别是香樟(IV=17.92)和石楠(IV=11.28),而老公园分别是悬铃木(IV=14.73)和石楠(IV=13.17)。悬铃木(市树)在新公园中重要值降低,而月季(市花)在新老公园中重要值均比较低;Margalef物种丰富度、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均呈现出新老公园乔木层高于灌木层的分布规律。单因素方差分析结果表明,新建公园乔木层显著高于老公园(P>0.05),而老公园灌木层显著高于新建公园(P<0.05)。新建公园存在种类多,但物种多样性低现象。研究可为淮南市城市公园的建设和生物多样性保护工作的开展提供理论依据。     

Sled-type motion on the nanometer scale: determination of dissipation and cohesive energies of c60

The tribological properties of C(60) on the mesoscopic scale were investigated with a scanning force microscope, which allowed simultaneous measurements of normal and lateral forces under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Islands of C(60), deposited on NaCl(001), could be moved by the action of the probing tip in a controlled way. Different modes of motion, such as translation and rotation, were observed. An extremely small dissipation energy of about 0.25 millielectron volt per molecule and a cohesive energy of 1.5 electron volts were determined in these nanometer-scale experiments. The corresponding shear strength of 0.05 to 0.1 megapascal was smaller by one order of magnitude than typical values of boundary lubricants. For C(60) on graphite, disruption of the islands was observed and collective motion of the islands could not be achieved. These results could find use in the field of nanotechnology; for example, C(60) islands could be developed into a sled-type transport system on the nanometer scale.     

某多金属矿周围牧区土壤重金属形态及环境风险评测

采集某多金属矿周围牧区土壤样品,分析土壤中含量相对较高的Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Sr、Zn的赋存形态,采用污染负荷指数法(PLI)、内梅罗综合指数法、风险评价编码法(RAC)和聚类分析比较探讨该矿区周围土壤重金属污染程度。结果表明,该区域土壤中大部分重金属含量都超过了对照土壤背景值。PLI与内梅罗综合指数法分析显示,该矿区周围土壤处于被污染状态,重金属元素污染程度顺序为ZnCuNiCrSrPb。赋存形态分析表明,重金属的主要形态是残渣态,其中Sr的可交换态(4.99%~42.11%)和碳酸盐结合态(4.05%~41.10%)所占百分比最高,Cu和Ni的有机结合态明显高于其他元素。RAC结果显示Sr处于高风险,Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn基本处于中低风险,Cr基本处于无风险等级。重金属非残渣态聚类分析结果表明,该区域土壤中重金属非残渣态可分为两个集群,分别是Ni、Pb、Cu、Cr以及Zn、Sr,其中Sr和Zn环境污染风险最大。以上结果表明该地区已受到一定程度的污染,并且存在继续污染的风险,应该加强该地区金属矿开采和尾矿的管理和监督。     

云南省建水县防火树种筛选研究

目的根据云南省建水县森林火灾和造林树种组成的特点,选取当地18种主要造林树种作为研究对象,旨在筛选出适宜建水县林业发展的防火树种,以期为该区森林火灾预防提供一定的理论依据。方法以含水率、粗脂肪、灰分等树种的理化性质和燃烧性能,树冠浓密稀疏、叶质地厚薄、树皮厚度等树种的生物学、生态学特性,自然更新能力、种苗来源、造林技术等树种的造林学特性共16项指标作为评价因子,采用典型采样、选点调查、实验测定、层次分析等方法对18种树种的防火性能进行综合评判。结果按照防火性能综合评价结果,通过聚类分析可以将树种分为4类。Ⅰ类（最优防火树种）:火力楠、黄连木、油茶、短萼海桐,是营造防火林带的首选树种;Ⅱ类（较优防火树种）:厚皮香、石楠、女贞、滇青冈、山矾,可作为防火树种营造生物防火林带;Ⅲ类（一般防火树种）:红叶乌桕、麻栎、栓皮栎、清香木,难以作为防火树种大量种植,但可用于营林防火;Ⅳ类（非防火树种）:云南松、白枪杆、蓝桉、马尾松、侧柏,防火性能差,不宜作为防火树种,应予保护。结论针对目前建水县林分结构单一、纯林面积大的林分组成特点,建议未来可以I类和II类防火树种为主营建生物防火林带,以达到阻隔林火蔓延的目的;III类树种的防火性能一般,实地可根据立地条件和地域特征与I类和II类防火树种搭配栽植。      

The Drift of Saturn's North Polar Spot Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope

Polar projections of 50 images of Saturn at 889 nanometers and 25 images at 718 nanometers taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in November 1990, as well as 3 images at each wavelength taken in June 1991, have been examined. Among them, 31 show the north polar spot, which is associated with Saturn's polar hexagon, in locations suitable for measurement. In each image, planetocentric coordinates of the polar spot were determined, and the movement of the spot with respect to Saturn's system III rotation rate was studied. During the period of observation, the polar spot had first a short-term westward movement and then a long-term eastward drift. The rate of the long-term drift was -0.060 +/- 0.008 degrees per day with respect to system III, approximately 50 percent greater than previously determined from Voyager. The original 1980 and 1981 Voyager data were combined with the new Hubble images to form an 11-year base line. The eastward drift over the longer period was -0.0569 degrees per day. The long-term drift could be due to uncertainty in the standard value of the internal rotation period, which is 810.7939 +/- 0.148 degrees per 24-hour day. The short-term movement in November 1990 has a rate that is greater in magnitude but opposite in sign and probably represents a real, transient motion of the spot relative to the internal rotation system.     

The geometric distance and proper motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33)

We measured the angular rotation and proper motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33) with the Very Long Baseline Array by observing two H2O masers on opposite sides of the galaxy. By comparing the angular rotation rate with the inclination and rotation speed, we obtained a distance of 730 +/- 168 kiloparsecs. This distance is consistent with the most recent Cepheid distance measurement. M33 is moving with a velocity of 190 +/- 59 kilometers per second relative to the Milky Way. These measurements promise a method to determine dynamical models for the Local Group and the mass and dark-matter halos of M31, M33, and the Milky Way.     

宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染研究

通过野外采样和实验室分析,在分析土壤基本理化性质的基础上,重点研究宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中重金属元素的含量和形态特征,并进行了污染评价.结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr的平均含量分别为31.8、41.3、102.6、704.6、14.4、37.4、83.2 mg· kg-1,均高于陕西省和全国土壤元素背景值,尤其是Cu、Pb和Zn.土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr主要以残余态的形式存在,Pb、Mn和Co主要以可还原态和残余态的形式存在,重金属的迁移顺序为Mn(63.91％)＞Pb(60.08％)＞Co (51.70％) ＞Ni (37.12％) ＞Zn (32.09％) ＞Cr( 30.58％) ＞Cu( 19.95％),其中,Mn、Pb和Co有50％～65％可以发生迁移,易被生物体利用,危害较大.评价结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤主要受到了Pb的轻度污染.     

饲粮中全株玉米青贮比例对杜湖杂交母羔生长性能、瘤胃发酵、养分消化率及血清学指标的影响

[目的]研究饲粮中添加不同比例全株玉米青贮对杜湖杂交母羔生长性能、瘤胃发酵特性、养分消化率、血清生化代谢指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,为全株玉米青贮在肉羊产业中的推广利用提供科学依据.[方法]选择健康状况良好、体重相近(16±1.5)kg杜湖(杜泊羊♂×湖羊♀)杂一代断奶母羔羊72只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每...     

复合化学处理对玉米秸复合颗粒饲料营养价值的影响

以玉米秸秆为主要原料,通过添加不同比例的化学处理剂和营养强化剂,调制出5种玉米秸颗粒。对照组由玉米秸添加2%膨润土调制而成;试验组分别为:添加化学处理剂(石灰+尿素,以玉米秸DM计)4+0%(处理I)、0+4%(处理II)、2+2%(处理III)和2+2%(处理IV),同时在处理IV中再添加4%营养强化剂。采用Menke的人工瘤胃产气法评定不同玉米秸处理的体外消化率和营养价值。结果表明,处理II、III、IV的粗蛋白质含量明显高于处理I和对照;处理I、IV的NDF含量比对照分别降低了7%,12%;各处理的ADF含量均比对照组明显降低,并以处理IV的下降幅度最大,达31 1%。各处理的体外产气量和产气速度均高于对照组,其中以处理IV的产气速度最快,其快速产气量(a)略高于对照,b的产气速度常数c比对照提高19 3%。相应地,处理II、III、IV的估测有机物消化率(OMD)均比对照有明显提高,其中处理IV的OMD最高,其次为处理II,分别比对照(46%)提高19%,13%,但处理I无明显效应。表明用4%尿素处理可以明显改善玉米秸处理的化学组成和有机物质消化率,其效果优于2%石灰+2%尿素或单纯石灰处理,若将化学处理与营养强化剂结合使用,则可获得更好的处理效果。     

Spatial and temporal changes of paddy rice ecosystem services in China during the period 1980–2014

The ecological systems services or multi-functionality of paddy rice cultivation are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. We estimated the ecosystem services value (ESV) of paddy rice during 1980–2014 across China. The results indicated that the ESV of the paddy field in China showed an upward trend during this period. The share of ESV on CO₂ sequestration was the highest, followed by ESV on temperature cooling and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The yield-scaled ESVs of Zones II (southern rice–upland crops rotation regions) and III (southern double rice production regions) were similar and significantly higher than the ESVs of Zones I (northeastern single rice production regions) and IV (Southwest rice–upland crops rotation regions). Between 1980 and 2014, the ESV of each region increased to varying degrees, except for the ESVs of Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong. Such effects suggest the existence of a significant spatial–temporal variation in the total amount, structure, and density of ESV of paddy fields in China, which can further guide the development of future options for the adaptation of healthy rice production in China.     

Self-recognition among different polyprotic macroions during assembly processes in dilute solution

We report a self-recognition phenomenon based on an assembly process in a homogeneous dilute aqueous solution of two nano-scaled, spherical polyprotic metal oxide-based macroions (neutral species in crystals), also called Keplerates of the type [(linker)??(pentagon)??]≡[{M(H?O)}??{(Mo)Mo?}??] where M is Fe(III) or Cr(III). Upon deprotonation of the neutral species, the resulting macroions assemble into hollow "blackberry"-type structures through very slow homogeneous dimer-oligomerization processes. Although the geometrical surface structures of the two macroions are practically identical, mixtures of these form homogeneous superstructures, rather than mixed species. The phase separation is based on the difference in macroionic charge densities present during the slow homogeneous dimer or oligomer formation. The surface water ligands' residence times of Cr(III) and Fe(III) differ markedly and lead to very different interfacial water mobilities between the Keplerates.     

并联式曲线送料平台机构误差补偿方法的研究

并联式曲线送料平台是用于实现细木工带锯机曲线切割的自动进给平台,由于该机构运动支链多,机构误差大,难以实现平台末端位姿的精确进给。为了实现并联式曲线送料平台的末端位姿误差补偿,本文从连杆运动学位姿建模出发,利用机构运动学逆解的分析方法,得到各关节参数与送料平台位姿参数关系方程,再运用尺寸矢量链法建立机构误差、机构参数与动平台位姿误差的误差正解数学模型,分离得到与动平台位姿参数有关的误差传递矩阵,最终得到由各轴驱动来补偿平台机构误差的方法。运用该方法对并联式曲线送料平台误差实例进行计算分析,结合MATLAB计算得到送料平台各轴随加工曲线变化的误差补偿实际值,数值导入到各轴进给补偿程序中对曲线送料平台试验机进行实验验证。结果表明:并联式曲线送料平台机构误差补偿方法有效地减小了末端执行机构的位姿误差。未补偿前并联式曲线送料平台工件运动曲线X轴、Y轴方向最大误差为3 mm,绕Z轴最大旋转误差为3°;补偿后工件运动曲线X轴、Y轴方向最大误差在1 mm以内,绕Z轴最大旋转误差在1°以内。说明本方法能够显著提高并联式曲线送料平台的精度,有效地补偿并联式曲线送料平台的机构误差。      

Inversion of excited States of transition-metal complexes

The nature of the emission from central metal ions in complexes can be controlled by chemical alteration of the ligands. For iridium(III) species three types of emission have been observed, each originating from a different and orbitally identifiable excited state. Principles useful for designing new luminescent materials are formulated. They can be used for guiding photochemical research and for designing new analytical methods.