安溪乌龙茶史略

青山绿水的名茶铁观音故乡安溪,地处闽南山区,位于晋江西溪上游,属亚热带气候,长年朝雾夕岚,温和湿润,境内峰峦竞秀,泉甘土赤,十分适宜茶树生长,加上悠久的传统栽培技术和精湛独特的制茶工艺,构成得天独厚的“天、地、人”三者兼备的特殊茶区,生产的乌龙茶品质优良,独具一格,驰名中外,是全国六大茶类中的姣姣者,也是我国茶叶宝库中的一颗璀璨明珠。     

清香型铁观音的制作技术

安溪铁观音堪称乌龙茶之极品。根据加工工艺的不同，铁观音可分为浓香型和清香型两种。由于清香型铁观音具有香气清高悠长，滋味醇厚鲜爽的优异品质，在国内外市场极为畅销，这不仅促使了安溪传统乌龙茶工艺的革新，而且在茶叶感官审评上，对清香型乌龙茶品质特征也应形成新的认识。     

安 溪 乌 龙 茶 赏 析

近几年 ,铁观音在福州茶叶消费者中很有知名度 ,甚至把铁观音看成乌龙茶的代名词 ,这对于盛产铁观音的安溪来说 ,无疑是一种商机。同时在某种意义上说明乌龙茶正在被消费者所认识。在饮料世界日益纷呈的今天 ,乌龙茶的消费趋势能稳中有升 ,与乌龙茶的品位高雅显然分不开。那么 ,形成这种“茶之魅”的本质是什么 ?本文以安溪乌龙茶为例 ,谈谈初浅的认识。1　乌龙茶的品质通性 - - - -非花也自馨乌龙茶香味独特 ,具天然花果香气和品种的特殊香韵。有类似兰花香、桂花香、水蜜桃香、桂皮香、栀子花香、还有许多不知名的清花香、甜花香。大自然…     

永春县茶叶发展思路

永春县自然条件优越，茶叶生产历史悠久，是福建省乌龙茶主产区，全国乌龙茶出口基地县之一，生产的乌龙茶品质优异，以“闽南水仙”、“永春佛手”闻名海内外。茶叶是我县农村经济一项支柱产业，是农民收入的重要来源。巩固发展茶叶生产是我县农业产业结构调整的一个重要课题，现就永春茶叶发展思路阐述如下：一 茶叶市场现状及前景分析茶这一古老而文明的饮料，以其特有的保健功能，文化内涵，为世人所喜爱，茶叶、可可、咖啡，并称世界三大饮料，全世界有50多个国家种茶饮茶风尚遍及全球。九十年代初期，随着饮料市场的多元化，特别是碳…     

乌龙茶安溪铁观音的审评探索

我国茶文化历史悠久,茶种类多样,乌龙茶以其独特的香味受到众多茶客的青睐,而铁观音是正乌龙茶中的主要代表,位列中国十大名茶之一.关于铁观音的审评主要是通过感观对其品质进行鉴定.本文从个人角度对铁观音的审评方法及步骤进行总结,希望能够为相关领域的茶叶审评人员及铁观音爱好者提供品评经验,以做参考.     

高山清香翠绿型铁观音乌龙茶采制新技术初探

茶叶市场的掘起和火爆,给上杭县带来高山乌龙茶开发的热潮,面积、产量迅速增加,效益显著,采制水平有较大提高,实现了产销两旺。为创新生产工艺技术,进一步提升我县茶叶质量,推动高山茶生产持续健康发展,笔者近年来在上杭县麒麟山大公凹等9个主要茶场进行高山铁观音乌龙茶采制技术跟踪调查与实践,现将其结果报道如下。1概况麒麟山大公凹茶场茶园面积10hm2,品种铁观音,生态环境优越、植被茂盛、土壤肥沃,土层厚1m以上,通透性良好、水源充足,5km内无污染源,交通便利,海拔750m-800m,年均气温17.2℃。在春、秋茶期间,通过实践制作的茶叶基本达到…     

乌龙茶消费与销售趋势

乌龙茶是走向全国的茶类。在省市茶叶市场和各大中城市茶叶店，都有乌龙茶的销售，全国乌龙茶消费明显增长。在十六大召开前，中央电视台《焦点访谈》对各省市、部长采访时，还谈到安溪铁观音。乌龙茶为何受欢迎？主要因素有三，即品质水平高，冲泡技艺高，拍卖价最高。乌龙茶种类有铁观音、武夷岩茶、大红袍、武夷肉桂、闽北水仙、黄金桂、凤凰单丛等。乌龙茶品质总体特点是具有绿茶的清香和花香，又具有红茶醇厚的滋味。品种不同又形成各自独特的风味。乌龙茶与其它茶类相比，最大特点是七泡有余香有茶味，受到消费者喜爱，放弃他茶转饮乌…     

改变单一品种种植结构提高茶叶生产效益

我县的地理位置与安溪县接壤,改革开放后,所采制的乌龙茶成品大部分由泉州、安溪客商购销.众所周知,安溪乌龙茶铁观音享誉海内外,故铁观音茶叶是市场热销产品.价高销畅的经济效益调动了我县农民种植铁观音茶树的积极性,全县的茶园面各由一九九八年的不足1万亩猛增至2003年底近6万亩.由于我县优越的地理位置,春茶开采早(清明前后),冬茶采制迟(可采制至元旦前),全年采制五季茶.加上我县茶农积极引进新技术(空调器、除湿机)做青,新工艺(轻发酵),清爽高香的品质,更是泉州、安溪客商的抢手货.勿庸置疑,种植铁观音给我县的农村经济增添了活力.在此,铁观音良好的经济效益也使我县茶农产生了非铁观音品种而不种的片面认识,这样,不但将原来当家品种肉桂、本山、黄金桂、梅占等品种的茶树挖掉,重新改种铁观音,而且也影响了一批优质茶叶新品种的推广种植.     

福建乌龙茶发展现状分析

茶叶是大自然赠与的产物,由气候、天气、土壤、制茶工艺等影响,有着差异性,才有在喝不同茶品时的口感体会。乌龙茶为我国六大茶类之一,以其香高味醇的优异品质,受到消费者的称誉。福建是我国茶叶大省,也是乌龙茶的主产区,以铁观音和武夷岩茶为主;茶产业的快速发展,     

论提高三明市乌龙茶品质的途径

目前国内外茶叶市场，消费特点是趋向高档化、优质化。因此，如何发展优质茶叶是当前茶叶生产的首要问题。本文结合我市乌龙茶生产现状，谈谈提高我市乌龙茶品质的主要途径。一、加快新良种的推广，优化茶园品种结构。形成乌龙茶独特品质风格的基础是品种。我市现有种植适制乌龙茶的品种，绝大多数属传统的老品种，全市18万亩茶园中，适制乌龙茶的品种约有8万亩，主要品种有黄谈、铁观音、毛蟹、梅占等。黄谈属高香型品种，全市现种植万余亩，该品种栽培管理容易、产量高，同时其品质，一般不易随立地环境或栽培条件改变而有明显的改变，可…     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。