稻谷内摩擦角的测定与实验研究

主要对稻谷的内摩擦角进行了测定与实验研究.测定了稻谷的内摩擦角,并探讨了影响内摩擦角的因素.实验结果表明:剪切速度最佳为5.20 mm/min,稻谷的内摩擦角随着法向压力的增大而减小,低速剪切速度变化对内摩擦角的影响不明显,水分变化对其影响也不明显.根据实验结果,拟合出内摩擦角与法向压力的关系方程.     

大豆内摩擦角的测定与实验研究

利用剪切仪,测定了在不同的剪切速度、不同的法向压应力、不同的水分条件下大豆的内摩擦角。结果表明:随着剪切速率的增大(1.33～4.33 mm/min)大豆内摩擦角减小,随着法向压应力的增大(0.25×105～1.00×105Pa)大豆内摩擦角减小,随着水分含量的增大(12.11%～18.02%)大豆内摩擦角先增大后减小。     

砂土地基上圆形浅基础三维破坏包络面的理论研究

对砂土地基上圆形浅基础在竖向荷载V、水平荷载H及力矩M复合加载条件下的承载力进行了系统的三维有限元分析。在分析中,砂土假定为纯摩擦材料,遵循基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的理想弹塑性本构关系。首先,对圆形浅基础的竖向承载力进行了有限元计算, 并与滑移线解法进行了对比,两种方法所得结果比较吻合。进而探讨了砂土内摩擦角对于基础在V-H、V-M荷载平面与V-H-M三维荷载空间内的破坏包络轨迹的影响。计算结果表明,与不排水情况下软黏土地基上基础破坏包络面相比,砂土地基上圆形浅基础的破坏包络面形状有较大差异, 但V-H和V-M平面内的破坏包络面形状仍具有较好的归一化特性。基于有限元计算结果,建立了圆形浅基础在V-H-M三维荷载空间内的破坏包络面方程, 该方程可用来合理评价复合加载条件下砂土地基上圆形浅基础的整体稳定性。     

直剪法用于糙米内摩擦角的测定与研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪（直剪仪）,以水分含量14.57%的糙米为样品,测定了在不同的法向压应力、不同的剪切速率下糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明：糙米的剪切应力随着法向压应力（25kPa～100kPa）的增大而增大;剪切速率（1.33mm/min～2.67mm/min）较低时糙米的内摩擦角随着法向压应力的增大而减小;随着剪切速率（1.33mm/min～5.20mm/min）的增大,糙米的内摩擦角减小。     

玉米堆摩擦角的测定与研究

利用直剪仪对玉米(水分率为11.05%、12.34%、16.72%、17.57%w.b)的内摩擦角进行了实验测定与分析。结果表明:玉米的内摩擦角变化范围是22.81°~35.20°,玉米的内摩擦角随剪切速度的增加而减小,随法向压应力的增加而减小,随水分的增加而增加。     

含水率对糙米内摩擦角影响的实验研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪,以江苏盐城产糙米为样品,测定了在不同法向压应力和不同含水率的条件下,糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明:在剪切速率不变时,糙米的内摩擦角通常会随着法向压应力的增大而逐渐减小;当法向压应力较小(25kPa)时,糙米的内摩擦角会随着含水率的增加而逐渐增大。当法向压应力较高(75kPa～100kPa)时,随着含水率的增加,糙米的内摩擦角逐渐增大,达到某一峰值后,随着含水率的继续增加而逐渐降低。     

长江中下游地区耕地复种指数变化与国家粮食安全

粮食安全是近年来国际社会关注的热点问题,但焦点多集中在耕地面积减少对粮食安全的威胁方面,而忽视了复种指数的变化对粮食安全的影响。长江中下游地区是中国重要的粮食产区,多熟制种植制度是该区提高粮食产量的重要途径。通过构建数学模型定性分析长江中下游地区耕地复种指数的变化对国家粮食产量波动的影响,并在理论上取得了较大的创新和突破。研究表明：1979-2008年长江中下游地区耕地复种指数下降、粮食和农作物播种面积减少、粮食与农作物播种面积比、粮食产量占全国的比重分别下降7.0、7.2个百分点,通过对耕地复种指数变化与国家粮食产量变异系数的计算与分析,发现长江中下游地区耕地复种指数下降对国家粮食安全影响较为明显。研究认为提高农业机械化水平、进行土地制度创新、强化粮食增产的科技支撑体系、建立和完善粮食信息预警系统等是解决问题的有效措施。     

中国粮食单产增长规律及预测

总结了新中国成立以后我国粮食单产发展规律及其对总产的贡献，探讨了不同因素对粮食单产的影响，预测了到2000年我国粮食单产的发展趋势。     

直接干燥法测定粮食水分的条件优化

研究了影响直接干燥法测定粮食水分测定结果的因素,优化了测定条件。采用105℃恒质法对烘盒规格、烘干时间、烘盒个数及烘箱温度等参数进行比较,结果表明:高、低两种水分的小麦采用4.5 cm规格的烘盒,其烘干效果最佳;低水分小麦烘干4h后恒重,高水分小麦烘干4.5 h后恒重;烘盒个数以不超过20个为宜;95℃~110℃下测定结果的精密度差异不显著,但水分测定结果随烘箱温度增大而升高。     

葡萄品种资源果实重要经济性状分析

对郑州果树研究所国家葡萄种质圃内的主要葡萄栽培品种的果穗和浆果的主要经济性状进行了鉴定评价。结果表明,在葡萄果穗形状、果穗大小、果粒形状、果粒大小、果粒重量、可溶性总糖含量、总酸含量、果实颜色、果肉硬度和香味等方面均存在丰富的遗传多样性。在丰富的多样性中,具有圆锥形、圆形和短椭圆形果粒、软肉、无香味的品种最多,其它穗形、果形、硬度和特殊香味特征均是葡萄的遗传变异中人为选择的结果。     

异位发酵床垫料的直剪切及压缩试验研究

为研究不同含水率的条件下异位发酵床垫料:抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦系数、压缩载荷的变化规律.本研究采用土壤力学试验方法,测定垫料五种不同含水率的相关参数.结果表明:当垫料含水率为29.22％～36.13％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随着含水率的增大而增大;当含水率为45.55％～61.11％时,抗剪强度、内摩擦角系数会随...     

Experimental Analysis of the Water Weaken Effect on Gravel Soil Roadbed Locating in the Reservoir Region with Different Compactedness

It is vital to get the accurate data of the shear strength parameters of gravel soil with different water content and compactedness before they conduct the stability analysis for gravel soil roadbed. Under several test conditions, a series of direct shear tests were performed by using some gravel soil samples obtained from a selected roadbed which is under the influence of water level fluctuation. The corresponding results show that the gravel soil cohesion increased as the water content of fine soil increases till it meets its peak value, then it will decrease as the water content keeps increase. However, the internal friction angle will decrease slowly with the increase of water content of fine soil in the initial phase, and then it will decrease rapidly as the water content keeps increase. And on the other hand, the fitted shear strength parameters calculated from the test data has been influenced by the pre-load values that used to prepare soil samples, especially for the condition that the pre-load value less than the normal stress value applied in the direct shear test. All in all, the fitted shear parameters will be controlled by the relationship among water content, pre-load value and normal stress.     

Analysis of the Lateral Deformation of Structural Soft Dredger Fill with True Triaxial Test

In order to study the mechanical properties and structural properties of soft dredger fill under lateral deformation. Based on true triaxial and WF stress path apparatus, lateral unloading undrained tests were carried out. The results derived from true triaxial test, WF stress path test and routine triaxial shear test were analyzed. The contrastive conclusions are as follows: The stress-strain curve of true triaxial unloading test shows a softening behavior, which is different from the hardening behavior for that of conventional triaxial shear test. With the increase of initial confined pressure, the dilatancy of soil transfers from shrinkage to expansion. The structural yield stress of the unloading soil with true triaxial test method is dramatically larger than that with the latter two tests due to the effect of intermediate principal, which exhibits a nonlinear growth as the coefficient of intermediate principal bd stress jumps. The shear strength indexes of unloading soil with true triaxial test is larger than that with WF stress path test. Compared with the results of routine triaxial test, the internal friction angle of true triaxial test is bigger while the cohesion is smaller.     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Rupture of Rock Bridge with Non-Coplanar Intermittent Joints Under Direct Shear

By using servo control shear loading system, specimens with non-coplanar rock-like intermittent joints were tested by the way of forward and reverse direct shear, rupture mechanism and shearing law for rock bridge with non-coplanar intermittent joints were studied under direct shear. The experimental studies showed that five apparent stages are presented in the process of rock bridge rupture under direct shear, which are linear elastic stage, initiation and extension of crack, fracture and transfixion of rock bridge, climbing and occlusion of shear plane and residual friction. Rock bridge presented profile fracture plane under forward direct shear. While under reverse direct shear, band form fracture plane is showed which penetrated along with the direction of forward shear, and the shear strength of initiation and peak shear strength under reverse direct shear are bigger than that under forward shear. Crack angle, normal stress and lap proportion among adjacent joint are the main factors that influence the initiation strength and peak shear strength. The FLAC 3D simulation for the process of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge rupture and formation of shear rupture surface under forward and reverse direct shear was conducted. The results of numerical simulation agreed well with those of experiment. The simulation results revealed tension crack failure of non-coplanar intermittent joints rock bridge and shear yielding mechanism of fracture plane.     

结构参数对水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声的影响分析

为了研究水润滑橡胶合金轴承结构参数对其低速重载工况下摩擦噪声的影响,使用复模态分析方法建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统仿真模型,采用专业仿真软件分析了不同摩擦系数及结构参数条件下摩擦噪声产生的概率,进而研究结构参数对摩擦噪声的影响,进行了平板型和圆弧型结构的水润滑橡胶合金轴承摩擦噪声的对比实验。研究结果表明,水润滑橡胶合金轴承的水槽半径大小、摩擦面形状以及摩擦副的摩擦系数对水润滑橡胶合金轴承的摩擦噪声有较大影响,而水槽的形状对轴承摩擦噪声的影响不大。对一定结构尺寸的水润滑橡胶合金轴承,水槽半径为4 mm、平面型摩擦面的结构可以大大减少轴承出现摩擦噪声的可能性,相关实验结果与计算结果是吻合的。     

Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Solution of Tunnel Surrounding Rocks Using Mogi-Coulomb Strength Criterion

Reasonable choice of rock strength criteria is crucial for stress and displacement prediction and support design in tunnel engineering. Based on Mogi-Coulomb strength criterion and elastic-perfectly plastic model, analytical solutions of stress and displacement for surrounding rocks around a circular tunnel were derived The intermediate principal stress coefficient was used to present the intermediate principal stress effect. The results in this study were compared with the current solutions in the literatures and the influence of intermediate principal stress and shear strength parameters of surrounding rocks was discussed. The results showed extensive applicability and the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and Matsuoka-Nakai criterion are two special cases; when the intermediate principal stress coefficient b was equals to 0.5, the results indicated that the intermediate principal stress effect and its range for rock strength; the influence of cohesion and internal friction angle on the plastic radius and tunnel wall displacement was significant; Care should be taken to the effects of intermediate principal stress and shear strength parameter variations of surrounding rocks on tunnel design and construction.