节理岩体中连拱隧道施工对周边建筑物的影响

以重庆东水门大桥—千厮门大桥渝中区连接隧道为研究对象,基于UDEC软件建立离散元数值模拟分析模型,研究了城区连拱隧道施工引起的地表沉降,上部建筑物基础沉降及倾斜,新建隧道下方已有轨道六号线的变形、受力特征,并将监测数据与数值模拟进行对比分析。结果表明,连拱隧道左侧隧道上导坑施工引起的隧道拱顶沉降和基础沉降量最大,经计算上部建筑物基础最大沉降量为3.81 mm,最大倾斜量为0.02%,建筑物基础沉降量和倾斜在规范许可范围之内;隧道施工引起的地层损失使得轨道六号线左拱肩向上隆起,六号线弯矩分布规律和其变形形态基本一致,弯矩最大值位于左拱肩部位,最大值为238 kN·m;数值模拟计算结果与监测数据量值相当,变形趋势基本一致;采用UDEC软件可以准确地计算出隧道开挖过程中节理的存在对隧道周围建筑物变形的影响。     

流固耦合的多元结构深厚覆盖层透水地基的力学特性

深厚覆盖层多元结构坝基在渗流过程中各土层力学差异明显,分析时关注的具体问题也不尽相同,需要深入研究。基于比奥固结理论,考虑土体的非线性流变以及土体固结变形过程中孔隙度、渗透系数、弹性模量及泊松比的变化;借助ADINA流固耦合模块来模拟西藏达嘎水电站坝基渗流场与应力场耦合过程,分析各层力学特性及相互作用。研究表明,透水性较强的表层土体是渗流主要通道,也是渗流进出区和沉降变形体现区,应在上游采取措施提高其压缩模量,下游区域增设反滤层和排水设施;坝基中的粉细砂层是坝基沉降的主要原因,对坝基沉降起主导作用,同时应注意其液化特性对坝基的不利影响;坝基中的承压含水土层对下游上部结构产生向上顶托力,若位置较深,则破坏性较小;坝基深部土层对整个坝基的渗流破坏影响较小,但对沉降和渗流量的影响不可忽视;表层砂卵砾石层和粉细砂层的渗透系数相差较小时,土层间不会发生接触冲刷。此外,还发现坝基孔隙水压力在快速衰减阶段被消散,期间土体固结较快。垂直防渗墙能有效降低渗透坡降和渗流量,将坝基沉降变形控制在防渗墙上游区域,但上游坝基变形对防渗墙产生较大的水平推力,应加大防渗墙尺寸或者采用辅助渗控措施。     

尾矿坝变形细观力学机理的颗粒流数值模拟

以新建四川省盐源县平川铁矿黄草坪尾矿库为工程背景,通过堆坝模型试验与室内土工试验,获得尾矿坝干滩面几何特征、颗粒分布规律及尾矿力学性质。基于离散元理论,采用PFC 2D数值模拟软件进行双轴试验,与土工试验结果对比,得到尾矿细观力学参数,并分析尾矿坝颗粒接触力分布、颗粒位移与坝体结构变形特征。结果显示：1)初期坝中颗粒间接触力较大,形成的力链大致呈45°倾斜向上;坝体尾矿颗粒接触力随着埋深的增加而增大,在基岩凸起处接触力较大且集中。2)初期坝颗粒位移不明显,堆积坝少数尾矿颗粒沿坡面向下滚动,具有较大位移;尾矿堆积坝存在较为典型的滑移面,滑移面上部区域颗粒位移较大。3)初期坝结构变化不明显,尾矿堆积坝中靠近初期坝内坡面附近结构变形显著。     

西北地区混凝土渠道裂缝成因分析及预防处理

混凝土衬砌渠道使用寿命长,防渗效果好,但在实际使用过程中,受气温变化、材料本身及周围地质情况的影响,容易产生裂缝,本文通过对混凝土渠道裂缝产生的原因进行分析,总结了混凝土渠道裂缝的预防及修补措施,确保农业灌溉的顺利进行。     

灌溉量对灌浆期麦田土壤呼吸的影响

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要环节,在维持全球碳平衡中发挥着十分重要的作用。全球气候变暖会改变大气环流和全球水文循环,研究土壤水分状况对土壤呼吸的影响机理对于预测未来土壤碳储量变化具有重要意义。本文通过人为控制灌溉量,研究了灌溉量对灌浆期麦田土壤呼吸的影响,结果表明:在水分亏缺下,土壤呼吸随着灌溉量的增大而增强,但过量灌溉会抑制土壤呼吸,而这种抑制作用会随着时间的推移而消退。Q10与灌溉量之间呈抛物线关系,在灌溉量较小的情况下,Q10随灌溉量的增加而增大,过量灌溉时随灌溉量的增加而减小。     

卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气氨的影响研究

为探讨卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气中氨的影响,采用不同叶组配方卷制卷烟,通过离子色谱检测其主流烟气中氨的含量。结果发现,烟叶产地、烟叶部位和三丝（膨胀丝、梗丝、薄片）掺兑比例对主流烟气中氨具有一定影响,国内烟叶氨的释放量整体水平比国外烟叶低;中下部烟叶氨的释放量较小;膨胀梗丝、膨胀烟丝和薄片掺兑量与氨释放量显著相关。提高国内烟叶、中下部烟叶、膨胀梗丝、膨胀烟丝和薄片的使用量,可以降低卷烟主流烟气中氨的释放量。     

Deformation of deep foundation pits due to excavation and dewatering considering the change of void ratio and permeability coefficient with current stress of soil

基于修正剑桥模型理论,推导了孔隙比e随土体当前应力变化的方程,同时比选了4组经典的描述渗透系数k随孔隙比变化的方程,选择了其中一组最佳的估算公式,编写ABAQUS用户子程序VOIDRI和USDFLD,以实现孔隙比和渗透系数随土体当前应力的变化。在此基础上,研究深基坑降水开挖所致的坑内外土体的变形、围护结构的变形及弯矩,得到以下结论：当考虑孔隙比随土体当前应力变化时,坑外地表沉降量、墙体的水平位移、地下连续墙的弯矩、坑底隆起量均大于孔隙比为定值时的情况;当考虑渗透系数随土体当前应力变化时,坑外地表沉降量、墙体的水平位移、地下连续墙的弯矩均小于渗透系数为定值时的情况,但同时考虑渗透系数和孔隙比变化情况时,其对坑底的隆起量的影响可以忽略不计。     

湘早籼45号头季与再生季产量及镉积累分配对灌溉方式的响应

为给再生稻的安全生产提供科学依据,以湖南省主栽早稻品种湘早籼45号为材料,比较研究2种灌溉方式（淹水灌溉和间歇灌溉）下水稻头季与再生季的产量、土壤有效镉含量、各器官镉含量与积累量、镉转移系数与富集系数。结果表明,间歇灌溉显著提高水稻生物量及产量,头季产量间歇灌溉比淹水灌溉高13.86%,再生季产量也以间歇灌溉处理略高;淹水灌溉处理显著降低水稻镉含量和积累量,其中头季与再生季糙米镉含量分别较间歇灌溉处理降低37.93%与43.90%,植株总镉积累量分别下降52.41%与53.40%。灌溉方式对头季与再生季镉转移系数影响规律不一致,头季镉转移系数淹水灌溉显著大于间歇灌溉,再生季表现相反。淹水灌溉显著降低土壤有效镉含量与水稻镉富集系数,头季与再生季成熟期淹水处理土壤有效镉含量相比间歇灌溉分别降低10.81%与16.92%。可见,淹水灌溉使水稻产量、糙米镉含量、土壤有效镉含量与镉富集系数降低,但头季与再生季降幅存在一定差异,产量降幅以头季稻较大,糙米镉含量与积累量、土壤有效镉含量降幅以再生季较大。     

明甪直天王殿松木斗拱振动台试验研究

以甪直保圣寺天王殿斗拱为参考对象,进行无缩尺松木斗拱模型的地震台试验研究。通过对斗拱的加速度与动力放大系数变化趋势、斗拱在振动过程中位移响应变化特征、斗拱变形最大时刻和各构件变形最大时刻的滑移位移和回转位移数值对比分析,得出以下结论：地震加速度用于衡量地震烈度,并不能直接反映斗拱试件的最大变形;振动频率的变化对斗拱回转变形的变化起重要作用,振幅是决定各构件水平滑移的主要因素;各构件变形最大值与斗拱整体变形最大值具有很强相关性,其中栌斗和华拱的回转变形对斗拱的整体变形而言,处于支配地位;斗拱的华拱连下昂部分主要起装饰作用,其榫卯连接节点位置在振动过程中较为薄弱,在对实际文物维护修缮过程中应引起重视并采取相关加固措施。     

陆地棉PPO基因全基因组鉴定及对黄萎病菌的响应分析

【目的】多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidases,PPO)广泛参与植物抵抗病虫害等生物逆境胁迫的过程。本研究旨在研究棉花中的PPO基因及其表达模式,验证多酚氧化酶与棉花抗黄萎病的关系。【方法】分析了黄萎病菌V991侵染下异源四倍体陆地棉TM-1根系中PPO酶活力变化,并利用TM-1的基因组数据库,鉴定相关基因,并进行生物信息学和表达分析。【结果】共筛选到13个候选GhPPO基因。这些基因都不含内含子,所编码的蛋白包含2个铜离子结合位点和PPO的保守序列(酪氨酸酶、DWL和KFDV保守结构域)。进化分析显示,陆地棉PPO基因的种内相似性大于种间相似性,并且相互之间形成了多对重复基因。GhPPO的表达量差异较大,少数基因具有组织特异表达的特性,多数基因在棉花不同组织中表达量都很低。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应分析结果表明:GhPPO6D在棉花根系中表达量较高,且在黄萎病菌V991侵染后上调。【结论】GhPPO6D可能参与了棉花与黄萎病菌的互作过程,与V991侵染后棉花根系PPO酶活力上升相关。     

Evolvement of Plastic-loop of Fine-sandstone Under the Loading and Unloading Conditions

The deformation characteristics and the plastic-loop of the fine-sandstone is studied under the loading and(unloading) condition at the three different deformation-rates and the two different stress-levels,the results show: 1) There is really the plastic-loop in the deformation curve for the loading deformation curve is different form the unloading deformation curve.But the plastic-loop is nearly unchangeable since the second circulate loading.2) There is different for every imitational parameter between the first deformation curve and the second deformation curve at the different stress-levels and the different deformation-rates,but every imitational parameters become more and more invariable gradually since the second circulate curve.3) With the change of the deformation-rates and stress-levels,the imitational(parameters) will change with it.4) The imitational parameters are different for loading section and unloading section of the fine-sandstone deformation curve at the same circulate curve under the same deformation-rate and stress-level.     

Experimental Study on the Deformation Characteristics of Fine-Sandstone Under the Loading and Unloading Conditions

The deformation characteristics of the fine-sandstone is studied under the loading and unloading conditions at the three different deformation-rates and the two different stress-levels. The experimental results show that there is really the plastic-loop in the deformation curve for the loading deformation curve is different from the unloading deformation curve. But the plastic-loop is nearly unchangeable since the second circulate loading. The residual-deformation is be almost zero since the second circulate loading, and that the slope of the deformation curve increases as the deformation-rate increases, and that the residual-deformation increases as the stress-levels increases.     

3D Dynamic Coupled Mechanical and Hydraulic Analysis of Geogrid-reinforced Pile-supported Embankments

In order to investigate the dynamic behaviors of geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments under traffic loading, three-dimensional coupled mechanical and hydraulic numerical simulations are conducted using FLAC 3D. Four cases are studied including unreinforced and no-pile embankments, reinforced embankments, pile-supported embankments, and geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments. The behaviors of vertical displacement, horizontal displacement, pile-soil stress ratio, excess pore water pressure and acceleration under four cases are analyzed. It is found that the vertical displacement, nonuniform settlement and horizontal displacement of geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments are smaller than those of other cases due to soil arching effect and reinforcement effect. Pile-soil stress ratio decreases with the increase of loading number. The crest value of acceleration and the time for acceleration to be steady are also smaller than those of other cases. The dissipation velocity of excess pore is quicker than that of unreinforced embankments.     

浅埋式滴灌湿润锋发展规律试验研究

(目的)研究旨在根据苜蓿浅埋式滴灌的发展需求,针对滴头埋深、流量等因素对滴灌湿润体发展的影响规律开展了室内试验研究。(方法)利用新疆阿勒泰地区青河县阿苇灌区苜蓿浅埋式滴灌试验区的沙壤土对不同滴头埋深和流量,开展浅埋式滴灌条件下土壤湿润锋的发展过程、湿润锋特征值变化等的试验。设置了5 cm、10 cm、15cm共3个滴头埋深处理,滴灌流量控制在0.8L/h-2.5 L/h不等。(结果)结果表明,不同埋深不同流量下零通量面湿润锋形状近似为椭圆;湿润锋的水平、垂向运移距离分别随入渗时间的增长而增大且均与入渗时间呈幂函数关系;湿润锋水平、垂向运移距离的比值随滴头埋深增加而增大;湿润锋水平纵向运移距离随垂向深度增加呈现先增后减的趋势,纵向运移距离与垂向深度呈二次函数关系。(结论)上述结果对于浅埋式滴灌参数设计具有参考价值。     

Model Test of Vertical Stability of Silt Subgrade after Soaking

A full-scale model test was conducted on the low silt soaking subgrade of the alluvial flatlands flooded by the Yellow River. The test mainly studied the mechanical characteristics and vertical deformation of the silt subgrade under grade cyclic loading in different water immersion conditions. The test demonstrates that the silt subgrade has intense capillarity and water sensitive characteristics; the additional stress is large in the roadbed of the new and soaking silt subgrade, and it decreases sharply as the depth increases; the phenomenon of strength degradation is obvious in the soaking subgrade; the elastic and plastic deformation is large under overloading force and the deformation increases as the water immersion level ascending; The plastic deformation of the subgrade is easy to accumulate in water-saturated areas, where large plastic deformation still occurs in low stress level.     

Kolmogorov entropy analysis of surrounding rock system in the processing of unloading for deep buried tunnels

Rock is a kind of physical nonlinear complicated medium, under deep buried condition the surrounding rock system deformation shows geometrical nonlinear characteristic, and the interaction between the two nonlinear mechanism makes the unloading of surrounding rock system evolving complexly. Based on the Lagrangian method and large deformation caculation method, both the double nonlinearity and nonlinear dynamics character of deep buried tunnel surrounding rock system under unloading are studied. The numerical model results show that the Kolmogorov entropy has been extracted from the evolution data in the unloading process of surrounding rock system. The analysis indicates that the typical chaos character has been demonstrated in the process of unloading for deep buried tunnel surrounding system and the rock mass energy dissipation is analyzed at the stage of unloading.     

A study on lateral deformation calculation of foundation under embankment

Embankment load causes not only vertical settlement of foundation but also lateral deformation of foundation, and lateral deformation is one of the important factors for foundation settlement. In order to analyze lateral deformation of foundation under th     

FEM Analysis of Differential Settlement of Gravel Pile Foundation Under Large scale Oil Tank

In order to reduce the differential settlement of gravel pile foundation under large scale oil tank, axisymmetric numerical simulation method and finite element method was employed to study the pile length, the exchange rate of length, the length of the cushion course to the influence of differential settlement and the relationship of negative lateral displacement and the settlement. It is found that: differential settlement has a minimum range of pile length. For the oil tank foundation center, by keeping the pile diameter, increasing pile spacing can increase the rate of exchange and obtain smaller differential settlement in relatively smaller displacement rate conditions. And by keeping replacement rate unchanged, the larger the pile diameter(namely the looser pile spacing) is, the smaller the differences settlement of the gravel pile foundation is. Moreover, pile length adjustment and the exchange rate have obvious effects on different subsidence and not obvious effects on the length of the cushion course. The appearance of oil tank foundation negative lateral displacement is one of the most important features of differential settlement adjustment.     

Genetic Algorithm for the Consolidation Coefficient Evaluation

The deformation and stress induced by the loading of building on the foundation will cause the settlement and incline.If the foundation settlement isn't a uniform one,it will decline and affect the safety of the building.The consolidation coefficient is the main factor for the settlement of foundation.At present,the method for the consolidation coefficient such as logarithm of time and square root of time methods couldn't overcome the jamming.However the Genetic Algorithm can diminish the jamming and a precise result can be gained.     

棉花膜下滴灌根系发育规律的研究

研究了棉花常规灌溉、干播湿出和冬灌 +滴灌三种处理根系分布规律。结果表明 ,干播湿出棉花根量较少但须根量较大 ,根冠比较小 ,根系入土浅 ,生长发育提前。滴灌棉花浅层根系分布量增多 ,干播湿出尤其明显。地膜覆盖棉花膜内根系的分布量显著高于膜间的根系分布量。干播湿出棉花窄行根量较高 ,而常规灌溉和冬灌 +滴灌处理由于根系间对空间、养分和水分的竞争作用 ,窄行根系的分布量低于膜间和膜内根量之和。干播湿出在花铃期铃重、根系载铃量显著高于其它处理 ,生育期比其它处理提前 ,表现较大增产优势