2015—2017年广西桂林柑桔黑刺粉虱种群动态

本研究以广西桂林柑桔园黑刺粉虱（Aleurocanthus spiniferus）为对象,采用田间调查该粉虱卵、若虫、蛹和成虫的方法,研究了该粉虱的种群消长规律。结果表明：广西桂林柑桔园每年3月中旬—12月上旬的气温可满足黑刺粉虱的生长发育需要,2015—2017年间黑刺粉虱种群变动较大,黑刺粉虱卵至蛹全年发生高峰在5月中旬—7月上旬,其次在8月下旬—9月上旬;而成虫全年发生高峰在5月上旬,其次则在9月上中旬。本研究表明每年5—9月是桂林柑桔园黑刺粉虱自然种群增长较快的时期,生产上应用密切关注这一时期的该粉虱种群动态,并根据其危害情况及时采取必要的防治措施。     

黑喉石斛叶绿体基因组特征及比较分析

本研究结合Illumina高通量测序和Nanopore测序技术,对黑喉石斛（Dendrobium ochreatum）的叶绿体基因组（cpDNA）进行测序,组装得到其cpDNA全长序列并绘制结构图谱。黑喉石斛cpDNA全长154 935 bp,注释共得到125个基因,其中有unigenes 103种,包含73种蛋白编码基因,26种tRNA基因和4种rRNA基因。特征分析结果表明：黑喉石斛cpDNA中共存在58个SSR （simple sequence repeat）位点,大部分为单核苷酸重复和二核苷酸重复类型,碱基组成以A/T碱基类型为主;其偏好的密码子共32个,其中有30个以A/U碱基结尾。以黑喉石斛与其他13种石斛的cpDNA构建系统发育进化树,结果显示,鼓槌石斛（D. chrysotoxum）和梳唇石斛（D. strongylanthum）与黑喉石斛具有较近的亲缘关系,IR/SC边界分析结果也映证了此结论。以黑喉石斛为参照,与3种近缘石斛的cpDNA进行全序列长对比,结果显示,4种石斛的序列变异主要发生在单拷贝区,基因间隔区的变异明显高于基因编码区。     

Overwintering and population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci biotype B in greenhouse during the spring in northern China

Since the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B invaded southern China in the mid-1990s, it had spread to most other regions of the country, and become an important pest in agricultural and horticultural production. Investigations on overwintering of B. tabaci biotype B and its spring reproduction in northern China were conducted to determine the main factors that might contribute to an understanding of the population dynamics of this pest for developing improved pest control strategies. A cold hardiness test showed that when exposed for 10 h at −10 °C, mortalities of eggs, nymphs, and adults reached to 86.6%, 88.4%, and 100%, respectively, suggesting that it is probably impossible for feral populations of B. tabaci to survive in the winter under natural environmental conditions in northern China. A survey on vegetables, ornamental plants and weeds in greenhouses at Hebei Province and Beijing in northern China revealed at least 14 species of plants on which B. tabaci fed during the winter and spring. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Brassica alboglabra Bailey, Ficus carica L., Euphorbia pulcerrima Wild, and Hemelia patens Haence were the main host plants. Further research on the population dynamics of B. tabaci on three major greenhouse hosts; tomato, cucumber, and melon, indicated that densities remained at a low level during the winter, but increased steadily from February to March until migration into field crops in April. It is concluded that the control of the insect in greenhouse in winter and spring can play an important role for seasonal management of this pest in northern China.     

微波真空干燥对铁皮石斛品质特性影响的研究

本研究以新鲜铁皮石斛为原料,采用微波真空干燥方法干燥,通过测定铁皮石斛的多糖含量、色泽、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、水分分布状态、组成氨基酸以及多酚的DPPH?和?OH清除率,研究微波真空干燥对铁皮石斛品质特性的影响。结果表明：相比于新鲜样品,当微波强度为9 W/g,干燥后样品的多糖含量最高可达52.21%;氨基酸分析仪分析结果表明,微波真空干燥后铁皮石斛的总游离氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量显著提高。在微波强度9 、12 、15 W/g下,微波真空干燥的铁皮石斛的PPO活性分别在干燥16、12、6 min后不再存在,表明微波真空干燥能够在较短时间内钝化铁皮石斛的PPO活性,且微波强度越大时间越短。干燥过程的非酶促褐变主要由Maillard反应引起。低场核磁共振结果表明,自由水驰豫时间T₂₃和A₂₃均显著降低。自由基清除能力研究结果表明,铁皮石斛多酚仍具有较强的羟基自由基清除能力。通过观察干燥后样品的微观结构发现,随着微波功率密度的增大,样品孔状结构受到更严重破坏,微波强度越大,铁皮石斛的复水特性越好。     

椰子织蛾种群繁殖特征

本文研究了椰子织蛾Opisina arenosella Walker种群繁殖的特征。2015年每月从儋州市野外采集椰子织蛾,收集当天羽化的成虫,记录成虫的产卵前期、单雌产卵量、卵的孵化率、初孵幼虫数以及成虫寿命。结果表明:1月份的气温最低,雌成虫的产卵前期最长,为(3.00±0.21)d;5、6月气温最高,产卵前期次之;其他月份的产卵前期较短。11月份椰子织蛾的单雌产卵量最高,为(231.07±19.55)粒;3、4、7、8、9、10月份的产卵量次之;1、2、5、6、12月份的单雌产卵量最低。1月份(低温)椰子织蛾卵的孵化率最低,为(2.70±2.01)%;2—12月份椰子织蛾卵的孵化率差异不显著。1月份的初孵幼虫数最少,为(4.17±2.94)头;5、6月份的较少,分别为(54.04±8.18)、(52.31±10.81)头;3月份的最多,为(87.89±14.94)头。低温使成虫的寿命延长;各月雌成虫的寿命短于雄成虫的寿命;5、6月份雄成虫的平均寿命分别为(7.08±0.68)、(7.67±0.84)d,雌成虫的平均寿命分别为(6.50±0.34)、(6.22±0.36)d,低于其他月份雌雄成虫的寿命。5、6月的高温会抑制种群的数量,是药剂防治的最佳时间。该研究为椰子织蛾的防治、预测预报等提供基础科学依据。     

江浙麦区灰飞虱春季种群的发生消长和迁飞动态

 对灰飞虱进行越冬调查、田间调查、卵巢解剖、逐时扑灯行为观察、迁飞轨迹和虫源地分析发现：1）灰飞虱以3~5龄若虫越冬,并以4龄为主;2）江苏北部麦田灰飞虱若虫于3月越冬结束,3-4月陆续发育羽化为越冬代成虫,4-5月在麦田繁殖为第1代若虫;3）浙江海宁春季第1代灯诱灰飞虱具有本地迁出和外地迁入两种性质与时期,并可依卵巢发育级别加以区分;4）春夏季浙江海宁灰飞虱可由本地越冬虫源繁衍而来,或由江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建等省迁入。无论从越冬寄主小麦向夏寄主水稻扩散转移,或6月初大量外地迁入,杂草充当了极其重要的中间寄主;5）逐时灯诱观察结果表明,迁出期灰飞虱起飞呈晨暮双峰型,迁入期在19:00至次日凌晨5:00,每1 h均有上灯,以上半夜居多; 6）利用美国NOAA的HYSPLIT轨迹模拟平台对主要迁入期进行数值模拟和虫源地分析,结果表明,2009年5月底至6月初迁入浙江海宁的灰飞虱虫源地来自江苏北部和中部、皖南、浙南、赣东北和闽西北等地区。     

Evaluation of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the biological control of Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane in Guyana

In 1989, a mass production and field release programme of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the control of the Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane, was initiated by the Guyana Sugar Corporation. The programme was terminated in 1995 after the release of approximately two million adult parasites resulted in a mean field parasitism in Diatraea spp. larvae of only 0.22%. In contrast, 62% of Diatraea spp. larvae were parasitised in vitro as were 32% of larvae in young cane shoots exposed to A. pyralophagus in the laboratory. Neither Diatraea larvae in young cane plants caged in the field nor those recovered from Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. and Paspalum virgatum L. around release fields showed any parasitism by A. pyralophagus. The reasons for the low rate of host acquisition outside the laboratory are not known, but it is clear that A. pyralophagus offers little prospect for significant control of Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella in sugar-cane in Guyana.     

华石斛组培苗炼苗基质的筛选与优化

基质通过影响水肥吸收和根系通气度,进而影响石斛组培苗的生长,对石斛组培苗的人工驯化栽培具有至关重要的作用。本研究以华石斛组培苗为对象,采用4种基质配比对组培苗进行炼苗试验,通过测定组培苗的存活率、形态指标、壮苗指数和光合指标,筛选出适宜华石斛组培苗炼苗的基质。结果表明：以5 cm透明塑料杯装16.3 g水苔,其孔隙度和气水比均较高,达42.1%和2.51;保水、通气性好,利于华石斛组培苗生根、长芽,组培苗存活率较高,达56.3%,壮苗指数高达0.016;叶绿素相对含量和净光合速率最高;105孔穴盘,每孔6.0 g水苔,孔隙度和气水比低,基质量少,组培苗存活率低。表明以5 cm透明塑料杯装16.3 g水苔可作为华石斛大棚炼苗的优良基质。     

Sterile insect technique (SIT) in the near east — a transboundary bridge for development and peace

Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), is a major pest of fruits and vegetables throughout the region, reduces yield of marketable fruit and limits exports. The Arava Medfly Eradication Project (AMEP) was initiated in 1997, and serves as a pilot effort to begin implementing the sterile insect technique in the Near East. It could become a model for future implementation of the proposed EASTMED project, a plan conceived and planned by the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1994–1995 with input of regional experts. The target area lies in the Arava Valley between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. AMEP activities include host mapping, population monitoring and suppression followed by weekly releases of sterile flies. This project will lead to permanent establishment and maintenance of Medfly free areas. In addition, new technologies are being tested under local conditions. This includes use of tsl male-only strains of medflies, aerial releases with a chilled insect release machine, female attractants and new trap designs. At present, the project relies upon long-distance shipping of pupae from Madeira, Portugal and Guatemala rather than local sources. The medfly population on the Israeli side of the Arava valley, was monitored in 132 trimedlure loaded traps. It dropped by July 1999 to 0.04 flies per trap per day from the pre-eradication level of 0.71 flies per trap per day in July 1998. In June 1999, only 19% of the traps captured wild flies as compared to 40% of the traps in June 1997. As medfly does not respect international boundaries, transboundary co-operation is a key factor for successful implementation. Current project status and plans for future expansion within Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority will be presented.     

太阳能自控多方式诱虫灯对槟榔害虫的诱捕效果评价

本研究对太阳能自控多方式诱虫灯诱捕槟榔害虫的效果进行了评价。结果表明,经过240 d,诱虫灯共诱捕害虫255 924头,共计8个目、26科、46种昆虫,其中鳞翅目害虫达到64.33%;诱虫灯诱虫数量、重量在8—11月增加,12—2月减少,3月后再增加,其诱虫数量变化与当地虫害发生规律相一致,且益虫仅占总虫量的0.80%;灯控区槟榔受虫害等级比非灯控区少1~3个等级,虫害发生等级控制在++以内。灯控区坐果率在开花结果初期、收获期明显高于非灯控区,明显降低落果率,单株产量达到10.96 kg,比非灯控区提高36.61%。因此,该型诱虫灯在槟榔园使用具有诱虫谱广,诱杀作用强的特点,可大幅减少虫害发生,提高坐果率,增加产量。     

7种黄檀属植物心材挥发油的成分分析及其抗菌活性

为了研究7种黄檀属（Dalbergia L.）植物心材的挥发性成分及其抗菌活性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄檀属植物心材的挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对其化学成分进行分析;采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定挥发性成分的抗菌活性。结果表明,两粤黄檀检出9种成分,占总含量的98.93%;斜叶黄檀检出6种成分,占总含量的91.80%;交趾黄檀检出13种成分,占总含量的86.23%;海南黄檀检出9种成分,占总含量的94.86%;降香黄檀检出8种成分,占总含量的97.38%;东京黄檀检出8种成分,占总含量的97.72%;白沙黄檀检出23种成分,占总含量的79.45%。两粤黄檀和斜叶黄檀相对百分含量最大的成分为榄香素,分别为83.38%和73.03%;交趾黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为美迪紫檀素,为27.72%;海南黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为亚油酸,为42.80%;降香黄檀和东京黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为(7R,10S)-2,6,10-三甲基-7,10-环氧-2,11-十二碳-6-醇及其同分异构体,二者之和分别为60.37%和53.23%;白沙黄檀中已鉴定出且相对百分含量较大的成分为榄香素,为7.81%。黄檀属植物心材挥发性成分主要有苯丙素类、倍半萜类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类和甾体等,黄檀属植物心材的挥发性成分均对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,部分挥发油对不同的农业病原菌具有一定的抑制作用。本研究为黄檀属植物的资源保护和开发利用提供了科学依据。     

6种叶面肥对海南林下栽培金钗石斛生长和品质的影响

为筛选适宜的叶面肥种类,促进金钗石斛生长和提高其品质,以海南林下栽培的金钗石斛为试材,采用喷雾处理的方式,研究3种化学叶面肥和3种有机叶面肥对金钗石斛生长和品质的影响。结果表明：所有施肥处理均增加了金钗石斛的分蘖数、叶片数、茎节数、茎粗和株高,不同程度提高了金钗石斛的鲜重、干重、干鲜比和叶绿素含量,同时也提高了金钗石斛多糖和总生物碱含量,因此喷施叶面肥有利于促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质。3种化学肥料中,沃生促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质的性能优于磷酸二氢钾,其次是碧护;与对照相比,沃生显著提高了金钗石斛的茎粗、鲜重、干重、叶片SPAD值、多糖和石斛总生物碱含量,增长率分别达到21.87%、35.68%、39.50%、7.96%、15.01%和9.89%。3种有机肥料中,黄腐酸钾促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质的性能优于杜高活力藻,其次是海岛素;与对照相比,黄腐酸钾显著提高了金钗石斛的茎粗、鲜重和干重,增长率分别达到20.68%、28.39%和34.50%。因此,沃生和黄腐酸钾对金钗石斛生长和品质改善明显,可以作为海南林下栽培金钗石斛的叶面肥。     

2种多胺对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响

以铁皮石斛无根组培苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度的外源腐胺（Put）和精胺（Spm）对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响。结果表明：培养基中添加适量的Put和Spm可提高开花率。当Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时,铁皮石斛瓶内开花率最高,为30.47%;Spm浓度为0.2 mg/L时,铁皮石斛瓶内开花率最高,为22.26%;Put浓度为0.2 mg/L时,铁皮石斛始花期最短,为83.33 d,观赏期最长,为43.33 d。Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时,植株可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高;对照处理下植株全N含量达最高;Spm浓度为0.6 mg/L时,植株C/N比达最大。Put浓度为0.4 mg/L时,有利于铁皮石斛组培苗碳氮化合物的积累,可提高铁皮石斛的开花率;Put浓度为0.2 mg/L时,能使花期提前,延长观赏期。Spm浓度为0.4 mg/L时,有利于铁皮石斛组培苗株高增长和生根,促进铁皮石斛组培苗的营养生长。     

Injury to apples and peaches at harvest from feeding by Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) nymphs early and late in the season

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species that has become an important orchard pest in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US. Adults and nymphs feed on tree fruit. Feeding injury from adults has been characterized but the injury from nymphs has not been examined systematically. Since the four plant-feeding instars of H. halys (second through fifth) differ substantially in size, it is plausible that the effects of their feeding on fruit injury and injury expression may differ among them. We compared feeding injury at harvest from young nymphs (second plus third instars), older nymphs (fourth plus fifth instars), and adults that were caged on ‘Smoothee Golden’ apples and ‘Redhaven’ peaches in early June (peach and apple), late July (peach), and late August (apple). Individual apples and peaches were caged at fruit set and assigned to the following treatments (n = 28/treatment): 1) control (no H. halys), 2) young nymphs or 3) adults early in the season, and 4) young nymphs, 5) older nymphs or 6) adults later in the season. Fruit in each treatment were exposed to 3–4 young nymphs, two older nymphs or 1–2 adults placed in the cages for 96 h and evaluated for external and internal feeding injury within 36 h after harvest. No injury was recorded from unexposed peaches or apples. The percentage of injured fruit and number of injuries per fruit varied significantly among the exposed treatments. Early season feeding by young nymphs yielded the least injury to peaches and apples. In apples, the highest percentage of injured fruit and number of injuries per fruit were caused by late season feeding by adults. In peaches, early season adult feeding produced the highest percentage of injured fruit and injuries per fruit. More internal than external injury was recorded on peach and no such difference was observed on apple. The implications of these findings on H. halys management in fruit orchards are discussed.     

桑小头木虱Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein生物学特性研究

近年在海南各植桑区均发现桑小头木虱（Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein）严重为害,桑园被害株率达100%。在我国,该木虱仅记录于台湾省,为我国大陆新入侵害虫。本研究在实验室条件下[(27±1)℃、RH (70±5)%、12L∶12D],采用45日龄桑树扦插苗和离体叶片饲养,对桑小头木虱的发育与繁殖特性及各虫态的形态特征开展观察。结果表明,桑小头木虱生活史包括卵、1~5龄若虫和成虫期。各龄期主要形态特征为：卵呈水滴形,带短的卵柄,端部具细长的端丝,初产时乳白色,待孵化时可见淡红色眼点;1龄若虫头、胸部乳白色,复眼和腹部橘黄色,无翅芽;2~5龄若虫黄绿色,随着龄期增加,体长增加,翅芽随之变化。2龄翅芽出现,稍突起;3龄翅芽较小,呈三角形;4龄和5龄翅芽长椭圆形,其中5龄超过腹部第1节。各龄若虫和初羽化成虫均可分泌白色球形蜡质。雌雄成虫以两性生殖方式繁殖后代,羽化3 d后体色由黄绿色逐渐变为黄褐色并开始交配,交配时间为0.5~3 h,结束交配18~21 h后开始产卵,产卵量为20~42粒。卵单个散产于叶片背面叶脉处,偶尔可见产于新抽嫩叶正面边缘,5~7 d后孵化,孵化率为98.19%,雌性百分率为70.44%。若虫期12~18 d,完成一代的时间为18~24 d。本研究将为桑小头木虱的准确识别与监测,以及防控策略的制定提供前提条件和理论依据。     

石斛的氨基酸组成及分析

利用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定22种主要石斛栽培品种的氨基酸组成和含量,并应用多元统计分析方法对其品质进行分析。结果表明,石斛中以天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸4种氨基酸含量最丰富;蛋氨酸和胱氨酸分别为石斛的第1和第2限制性氨基酸。不同品种石斛的氨基酸含量和组成比例存在一定差异,其中,10种石斛含有17种氨基酸和7种必需氨基酸,11种石斛未检出蛋氨酸或胱氨酸。参照FAO/WHO推荐标准,氨基酸营养价值较高的是线叶石斛、紫瓣石斛、杓唇石斛、玫瑰石斛、紫菀石斛和叠鞘石斛6个品种;采用主成分分析方法和聚类分析,可将22种石斛氨基酸分为4类品质,以石斛氨基酸指标聚类可将22种石斛聚为3类。     

甲磺草胺除草活性及对甘蔗的安全性研究

为明确甲磺草胺在蔗田的应用前景,采用温室盆栽法土壤处理对其杀草谱、除草活性及其对甘蔗的安全性进行了测定。结果表明:甲磺草胺对蔗田常见的禾本科、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草有较好活性,当处理剂量为有效成分70 g/hm2时,对光头稗(Echinochloacolonum)、牛筋草(Eleusineindica)、马唐(Digitariasanguinalis)、香附子(Cyperusrotundus)、绿苋(Amaranthusviridis)和龙葵(Solanumnigrum)的鲜重抑制率均高于90%,对筒轴茅(Rottboellia cochinchinensis)、铜锤草(Oxalis corymbosa)和鹅绒藤(Cynanchum chinense)的鲜重抑制率高于80%;甲磺草胺对光头稗、牛筋草、马唐和香附子等4种主要蔗田杂草的除草活性均显著高于敌草隆;甲磺草胺在甘蔗品种‘新台糖22号’与光头稗、牛筋草、马唐和香附子之间的选择性系数依次为2.04、2.67、2.95和2.25,均明显高于对照药剂敌草隆的1.74、1.68、1.80和1.24;在甘蔗品种‘桂糖46号’与杂草间的选择性系数与‘新台糖22号’相近。研究结果表明甲磺草胺对蔗田多种主要杂草防效较好,且对广西种植面积最大的两种甘蔗品种安全,因此可以作为蔗田苗前除草剂的备选药剂。     

假木豆属种质资源植物学性状遗传多样性分析

假木豆（Dendrolobium triangulare）为多年生灌木,假木豆叶量大、产量高,营养价值高,是优良的高蛋白青饲料。目前仅有山蚂蝗亚族之间的遗传多样性研究,假木豆属的形态学遗传多样性的分析研究比较匮乏,缺少大范围的种质形态学遗传多样性研究。对优质育种资源植物学性状综合评价是育种的前提。为了培育优质豆科牧草品种,满足南方畜牧生产需求,本研究采用随机区组设计,研究材料为76份假木豆属种质资源,对35个植物学性状进行观测,分析假木豆属的遗传多样性特点,为假木豆选育工作提供基础材料。通过形态学观测分析研究其遗传多样性,结果表明：35个植物学性状中叶背面毛况（CV=46.92%）,茎的颜色（CV=39.77%）和叶柄毛况（CV=39.52%）变异系数（CV）最大,说明假木豆属遗传多样性较为丰富;多个植物学性状之间存在相关性,叶长与叶宽（r=0.887）之间存在极显著正相关,长宽比在2.0左右,叶形比较接近椭圆形。茎的形状与叶长（r=–0.459）、叶宽（r=–0.491）存在相关性,这表明如果假木豆产量以叶面积为主,应尽量选择圆柱形的茎。中央小叶叶形与荚果长（r=0.360）存在极显...     

Coleoptile length variation of near-isogenic Rht lines of modern CIMMYT bread and durum wheats

A set of 10 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and six durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) genotypes near-isogenic for either the Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were analyzed for plant height, kernel weight, coleoptile length and grain yield. Coleoptile length was measured at three different temperatures and plant height, kernel weight and grain yield determined in six different environments. Durum wheat, regardless of stature, produced longer coleoptiles than bread wheat at higher temperature. Within the non-Rht isolines, plant height and coleoptile length were independent characters. The tall durum wheats tended to be taller than their bread wheat counterparts, indicating an absence of minor genes for reduced height. However, a number of bread wheat cultivars showed relatively small height increases following removal of the Rht gene and substantially greater increases in coleoptile length. Coleoptile length was more highly correlated (r²=0.53, P<0.01) with seed weight among the non-Rht isolines compared to cultivars containing either Rht1 or Rht2. Grain yield and plant height were positively correlated among the semi-dwarf Rht isolines in 5 of 6 environments. No equivalent relationship existed among the non-Rht materials. Grain yield (standard sowing depth 3 cm) and coleoptile length were generally not significantly correlated within each isogenic grouping.

Plant breeders should be able to select short statured, non-Rht1 or non-Rht2 hexaploid bread wheat with better emergence characteristics. The non-Rht genotypes developed from the bread wheat cultivars Seri 82 and Culiacan 89 were identified as meeting these criteria. Wheats such as these could offer significant advantages to farmers in environments where deep sowing into stored soil moisture is practiced.     

播期和密度对春小麦品种新春26号生长及产量的影响

为确定新疆主栽春小麦品种新春26号的最佳播种时期和种植密度,采用两因素裂区试验,设4月5日、4月18日和5月2日3个播种时间,以及350万、400万、450万、500万和550万株·hm-2 5个种植密度,分析了播期和种植密度对小麦群体性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,在相同种植密度下,随着播期的推后,小麦各生育时期群体茎数、干物质积累量、叶面积指数均显著降低;播期对千粒重的影响不显著,而早播(4月5日)小麦的穗数、穗粒数和产量显著高于晚播(5月2日)小麦。种植密度对小麦各生育时期群体性状也均有显著影响,种植密度过高或过低均不利于小麦群体发育及产量形成,适宜的种植密度可以改善小麦群体结构,进而提高产量。播期和密度互作对小麦整个生育期生长发育的影响均显著。总体来看,在本试验条件下,春小麦品种新春26号应适当早播,最佳播种时间和种植密度分别为4月5日和450万株·hm-2。