大果榛子冻害调查研究

通过大果榛子冻害调查并计算冻害指数,发现其冻害发生受品种、地势及树龄影响较大。同一园内不同品种抗寒性由强到弱依次为‘达维’‘平欧15’‘辽榛3号’‘平欧110’;大果榛子冻害与所处地势的关系,受害由轻到重依次为山下盆地、山下平地、山上背风阳坡、山上背风阴坡、山上迎风坡;榛子冻害与树龄的关系为树龄越大抗寒性越强,抗寒性由强到弱依次为10年生、7年生、4年生。     

不同砧木甜樱桃品种早大果的抗寒性鉴定

采用自然鉴定法和电导法对山樱桃、大青叶、吉塞拉5号嫁接的甜樱桃品种早大果的抗寒性进行了鉴定、比较。结果表明,吉塞拉5号砧的早大果冻害率最低,抗寒性最强。3个处理在不同低温下的电解质渗出率存在明显差异,吉塞拉5号砧的早大果与其他2个处理间差异明显。3个处理的抗寒性由强到弱顺序为:吉塞拉5号砧>山樱桃砧>大青叶砧。     

西番莲的利用价值及市场前景的探讨

西番莲(Passiflora edulis)俗称“百香果”、“鸡蛋果”学名西番莲,为西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora L.)的多年生常绿木质藤本植物,该科包括12个属600余种,该属有400多种[1],其中果实可食用的约60种。目前作为商业性栽培的只有6种,主要有紫果西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims)、黄果西番莲(Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener)及其杂交种,果形有2种:球形和鸭蛋形,果瓣有三瓣和四瓣2种。     

四个仁用杏品种(系)抗寒性的测定与评价

以洛阳农林科学院杏属种质资源圃内4年生的4个仁用杏品种(系)("中仁一号"‘B5’"优1""龙王帽")为试材,采用室内测定的方法,测定并比较了植株一年生枝条韧皮部的抗寒性指标,并利用主成分分析法对4个仁用杏品种(系)的抗寒性指标进行分析,以期筛选抗寒性强的仁用杏育种杂交亲本。结果表明:4个仁用杏品种(系)综合抗寒性由强到弱排列顺序是"中仁一号""优1""龙王帽"‘B5’。"中仁一号"综合抗寒性最强,可以作为抗寒性强的育种材料;"优1"的综合抗寒性次之,可作为抗寒性较强的育种材料;"龙王帽"抗寒性一般,不作为抗寒性育种材料推荐;‘B5’在可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量及POD活性3个抗寒性指标上有突出的表现,可根据需要进行筛选性选择。     

百香果栽培技术

<正>百香果别名西番果、鸡蛋果,学名西番莲,是西番莲科西番莲属的藤本果树。原产巴西南部,它叶形奇特,花色鲜艳,四季常青,果实为椭圆形浆果,单果重60~120g,果汁澄黄,可散发出番石榴、菠萝、香蕉、草莓、柠檬、芒果、酸梅等十多种水     

西番莲盆栽技术

西番莲Passiflora edulisSi ms.,俗称鸡蛋果、百香果。属西番莲科,西番莲属植物,热带多年生草质至半木质藤本攀缘果树,原产澳大利亚和南美洲的巴西,现广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区[1]。目前我国台湾、福建、广东、海南、广西、云南、四川等地均有栽培。因西番莲果汁散发出石榴、     

西番莲种质资源概况及其应用研究现状

西番莲Passiflora edulis Sims.，俗称鸡蛋果、百香果，属西番莲科，西番莲属植物，热带多年生草质至半木质藤本攀附果树，原产澳大利亚和南美洲的巴西，现广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。     

杧果叶片解剖结构与抗旱性评价

采用石蜡切片技术和光学显微镜技术,对百色主栽品种台农1号、红贵妃、金煌杧、红象牙、桂七等5个杧果品种的叶片解剖结构进行观测,并选择主脉直径、叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、角质膜厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶肉组织紧密度和叶肉组织疏密度等10个指标,通过隶属函数法对其进行综合分析,评价5个杧果品种抗旱性。结果表明,5个杧果品种的抗旱性从强到弱依次为金煌杧>红贵妃>红象牙>桂七>台农1号。     

黑龙江省5个主栽葡萄品种抗寒性鉴定

鉴定分析了黑龙江省5个葡萄品种1年生枝条解剖结构、电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量等与葡萄抗寒性的关系。结果表明,供试葡萄品种抗寒性从强到弱为:贝达>京秀>京亚>U-尼昆>无核白;枝条电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量与抗寒性均呈正相关。     

西番莲的种苗培育

西番莲又称鸡蛋果、百香果，属热带亚热带多年生的草本植物。叶片黄绿色、掌状深裂；果卵形（故称鸡蛋果），果瓤柔软多汁，甜酸可口，营养丰富，是优质的加工型原料水果。现将西番莲的种苗培育技术介绍如下： 1 品种选择 西番莲原产南美巴西，品种较多，目前，在生产上广泛推广的有黄果西番莲和紫果西番莲两个品种。黄果西番莲对干旱、寒害、病害的抗性均明显优于紫果西番莲；且黄果西番莲的产量（12～18t/hm2）比紫果（3～4.5t/hm2高；黄果西番莲的果汁率在34.9%～38.5%，故作为生产浓缩果汁的优质原料，应以黄果西番莲为主要推广品种…     

西番莲脱分化再生体系研究

以大果黄果西番莲为材料,通过无菌播种获得无菌苗,采用无菌苗的子叶及下胚轴为外植体,对诱导分化不定芽、不定芽继代增殖、生根诱导等斱面进行研究,为西番莲组织培养和遗传转化研究提供基础。结果表明:以未完全展开的子叶为外植体,诱导不定芽分化的效果最好,最适宜的分化培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L IAA,其诱导分化率可达100.0%;最适宜的增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,其芽苗增殖系数最高,为3.19,且芽苗长势好;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA,其生根率达100.0%,根粗壮、长、多,且幼苗长势好。     

紫果西番莲组织培养研究

西番莲 (Ｐａｓｓｉｆｌｏｒａｅｄｕｌｉｓ)又名鸡蛋果 ,为多年生常绿藤本植物 ,其果实为典型的热带、亚热带浆果。果汁香味独特 ,味道鲜美 ,富含各种营养成分 ,是理想的高级饮料 ,且根、茎、叶、花还可入药。近年来 ,国际市场对西番莲果汁的需求每年以 15%～ 2 0 %的速度增长[1] ,大有供不应求之势。除西番莲果汁外 ,果汁粉、蜜饯、口香糖等产品也深受欢迎。在我国 ,西番莲种质资源相对缺乏 ,生产中存在较多问题 ,如品种单一 ,产量低 ,品质、抗病性差 ,影响了西番莲种植业和加工业的发展。利用组织培养不仅可以进行优良品种筛选 ,还可扩大…     

提高西番莲扦插效果的几种因子研究

以紫果西番莲不同部位茎段为材料,研究不同种类和不同浓度的植物生长调节剂处理、不同基质处理对西番莲茎段扦插效果的影响。结果表明：用单一激素IBA或NAA进行处理时,以IBA10mg／L处理的扦插效果最好,扦插成活率为51．11％,平均生根数3．17条,平均根长2．33cm;两种激素组合使用以ABT100mg／L＋IBA 10mg／L最好,成活率高达81．11％,平均生根数4．9条,平均根长3．71cm;不同基质处理,以泥炭＋细沙（2：1）的组合处理最好,成活率达83．33％,平均生根数4．50条,平均根长2．72cm;不同茎段部位插穗的扦插效果,中部〉上部〉下部,中部扦插成活率达90％,平均生根数5．05条,平均根长3．11cm。     

喀斯特山区适生西番莲营养成分及农药残留分析

对喀斯特山区适生西番莲"平塘1号"的果实性状、营养成分、氨基酸成分及含量进行分析,发现其水分、超氧化物歧化酶含量高,分别为74.80%和71.20U/g,氨基酸、总糖、维生素C、钙和钾含量也高,分别2 770.00、7 260.00、27.40、4.14和4.93mg/100g;含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的38.26%,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸的61.96%,符合FAO/WTO的理想模式;风味氨基酸含量高,占总氨基酸的26.69%。果实10种农药残留量检测合格率为100%。说明"平塘1号"西番莲营养成分丰富、营养价值高、产品质量好,有望打造为贵州特色精品水果。     

百香果的扦插种植研究

以当年生健壮百香果插穗为试材,研究了不同扦插基质、不同插穗、不同IBA处理时间、不同IBA处理浓度对百香果扦插苗成活率的影响。结果表明:剪切带有2个节眼的百香果插穗,用10.0mg/L的IBA处理30min,种入草灰沃土,插入一半的方法种出的苗较好,成活率为100%。     

Root shoot interactions in passionfruit (Passiflora sp.) under the influence of changing root volumes and soil temperatures

Summary

Passionfruit are grown in the tropics and subtropics where mean monthly soil temperatures at 15 cm range from about 10° to 30°C. The choice of rootstock can also influence production with most industries exploiting either the purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) or golden passionfruit (P. edulis tflavicarpa). We examined the relationship between shoot and root growth in purple x golden hybrid E-23 grafted onto golden passionfruit seedlings. Growth was manipulated by varying the volume of the soil available to the roots or temperature of the root zone. Shoot and root growth increased as root zone volume increased from 0.3, 1.4, 4, 12 to 24 1. Shoot weight (W_s) was correlated with root weight (W_R):W_S = 12.697 + 5.272 W_R + 0.195 W_R² (r² = 91%, P<0.001), with the plants allocating a smaller proportion of dry matter to the roots as root weight increased. Differences in shoot growth with pot volume were not due to changes in water or nutrient status. In the temperature experiment, the two critical root zone temperatures at 90% of maximum growth were about 20° and 35° C for vine extension, leaf area, node and leaf production, and 20° and 30°C for flower production. Leaf and stem dry weight were optimal between about 18° and 34°C, while maximum root growth occurred at 38°C. There was a weak relationship between shoot (W_s) and root dry weight (W_R): W_s = ?19.346 + 24.500 W_R ?1.046 W_R² (r² = 53%, .P<0.001). Apparently, variations in shoot growth at different soil temperatures cannot be explained solely by differences in root growth. Reduced growth at 10°C was associated with lower chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance and net CO₂ assimilation, but not lower leaf water potential. The concentration of most nutrients were lower at 10°C than at higher temperatures, but none was outside the range which would be expected to restrict growth. There appears to be a co-ordination of shoot and root growth as the soil volume available for root growth increases, whereas root temperature affects the roots and tops differently. The results of the pot volume experiment demonstrate the importance of rootstock vigour in passionfruit breeding. Productivity would be affected in cool subtropical areas with soil <20°C and in tropical areas with soil >30°C.     

连作对百香果根际土壤微生物群落的影响

以1年种植(新植园)和3年连作百香果园根际土壤作为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析根际土壤中的微生物群落结构组成和多样性变化,以期为克服百香果连作障碍提供指导。结果表明,相比新植园,3年连作园根际土壤细菌群落多样性显著降低,细菌群落丰富度,真菌群落丰富度、多样性增加。根际土壤微生物群落组成发生了较大变化,在门分类水平上,3年连作园根际土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度分别增加了5.86个百分点和2.21个百分点;放线菌门(Actinobacteria)减少了3.40个百分点,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)减少了28.41个百分点,而毛霉门(Mucoromycota)增加了14.73个百分点。在属分类水平上,3年连作园根际土壤中γ-变形菌纲中未分类属unclassified_Gammaproteobacteria、黄单胞杆菌科未分类属unclassified_Xanthomonadaceae相对丰度显著增加,酸杆菌门中Gp2相对丰度显著降低;子囊菌属(Archaeo...     

Cobalt requirement in tissue culture of three species: Brassica oleracea L., Passiflora mollissima Bailey,and Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.

Summary

Consideration of the formulation of the Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium and the published work on the relationship of cobalt and plant growth led to a study of the effect of cobalt on the growth of three species in tissue culture. Passiflora mollissima Bailey exhibited reduced viability and increased leaf abnormalities in the absence of cobalt, due possibly to the increased level of ethylene, while Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. had an increased growth rate and plantlet numbers in the absence of cobalt. Brassica oleracea L. produced, in the absence of cobalt, fewer plantlets and abnormal leaf structures. The results indicate that the effect of low (10^?7 M) concentrations of cobalt varies with species, and that inhibitory effects on growth and plantlet production can occur.     

日光温室西番莲不平茬状态下生育规律调查

以紫果西番莲为试材,对其在日光温室不平茬状态下的生长发育规律进行了研究。结果表明:在辽宁熊岳地区日光温室栽培条件下,以6月下旬到7月上旬日生长量最大,9月份增长缓慢或基本停长。5月下旬初花,6月上旬开花株率可达90%。果实成熟提前至7月上旬,主要集中在8、91、0月份,以89、月份居多,约占全年果实的92%。     

Identification of S-haplotypes of European cultivars of sour cherry

The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S₁, S_1?, S₄, S₆, S_6m, S_6m2, S₉, S₁₂, S₁₃, S_13?, S₂₆, S₃₅, S_36a, S_36b, and S_36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S_13? (61.9%), S_36a (57.1%), and S₂₆ (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses.