鸭TTR基因cDNA克隆和表达研究

为研究转甲状腺素蛋白(transthyretin,TTR)与肉鸭脂肪代谢的相关性,通过快速扩增cDNA末端技术(RACE)获得北京鸭TTR基因全长cDNA序列,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法对鸭TTR基因表达谱进行研究。结果显示:鸭全长TTRmRNA编码150个氨基酸的前体肽,该肽含20个氨基酸的信号肽和130个氨基酸的成熟肽;与哺乳动物相比,鸭TTR亚基N-末端序列多出的3个氨基酸Val-Ser-His,可能使鸭TTR结合甲状腺素T3的亲合力增加。定量检测结果表明,鸭TTRmRNA在脉络丛中的表达量最高,与鸡、爬行类和哺乳动物类似。本实验证实鸭TTR基因在脉络丛中的表达量比鸡更高,并首次发现TTRmRNA在鸭皮下脂肪组织中表达。     

Induction of altered c-src product during neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells

The expression of the cellular src gene product pp60c-src was examined in an embryonal carcinoma cell line that differentiates in vitro into neuronlike cells after being treated with retinoic acid. Quantitative and qualitative changes in c-src expression accompanied the events associated with neuronal differentiation. The levels of pp60c-src increased 8- to 20-fold during the period when the cells elaborated neuritic processes and expressed neuron-specific proteins. The electrophoretic mobility of pp60c-src induced in these cells was retarded in comparison with that in untreated cells or in treated cells before neurite elaboration. The shift in electrophoretic mobility was due to an alteration in the amino terminal 16,000 daltons of pp60c-src and similar to an alteration of c-src protein found in neural tissues and in pure primary cultures of neuronal cells. These results indicate that expression of pp60c-src induced by retinoic acid in these embryonal carcinoma cells mimics the expression of c-src in developing neurons. Therefore, this embryonal carcinoma cell line provides a model system to investigate the function of the src protein in neuronal differentiation.     

Molecular cloning and expression of a complementary DNA for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase was isolated from a rat brain cDNA expression library with the use of monoclonal antibodies. This clone had an open reading frame that would direct the synthesis of a protein consisting of 449 amino acids and with a molecular mass of 49,853 daltons. The putative protein revealed a potential calmodulin-binding site and six regions with amino acid compositions (PEST regions) common to proteins that are susceptible to calpain. Expression of the cDNA in COS cells resulted in an approximately 150-fold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity of these cells.     

Molecular cloning of the chicken progesterone receptor

To define the functional domains of the progesterone receptor required for gene regulation, complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding the chicken progesterone receptor have been isolated from a chicken oviduct lambda gt11 cDNA expression library. Positive clones expressed antigenic determinants that cross-reacted with six monospecific antibodies derived from two independent sources. A 36-amino acid peptide sequence obtained by microsequencing of purified progesterone receptor was encoded by nucleotide sequences in the longest cDNA clone. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the progesterone receptor deduced from the cDNA clones revealed a cysteine-rich region that was homologous to a region found in the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors and to the avian erythroblastosis virus gag-erb-A fusion protein. Northern blot analysis with chicken progesterone receptor cDNA's indicated the existence of at least three messenger RNA species. These messages were found only in oviduct and could be induced by estrogens.     

斑马鱼促性腺激素释放激素及相关肽基因的克隆与序列分析

从斑马鱼脑组织提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR方法克隆促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH) cDNA,其长度为646 bp,包括一个258 bp开放阅读框;编码的GnRH前体为86个氨基酸残基,由一个信号肽、GnRH十肽和一个由蛋白水解位点(Gly-Lys-Arg)连接的促性腺激素释放激素相关肽(GAP)组成;其中信号肽和相关肽的长度分别为24和49个氨基酸.该cDNA编码的GnRH的前体氨基酸序列与其他物种的GnRH前体基本一致.表明物种间GnRH cDNA的蛋白编码区高度保守,而非编码区的保守性程度很低.进化分析发现,斑马鱼与鲤、鲫、拟鲤、黑头软口鲦等淡水鲤科鱼类的同源性较高.     

鹌鹑VIPR-1的克隆、序列特征和组织表达分析

【目的】对鹌鹑血管活性肠肽1型受体（vasoacitve intestinal peptide type 1 receptor,VIPR-1）cDNA全长基因进行克隆及分析,为鹌鹑的分子育种提供基础资料。【方法】通过比较基因组学,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,获得鹌鹑了VIPR-1 cDNA全长序列;通过生物学软件对其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了比对;采用实时定量PCR方法检测了VIPR-1在8个组织中的表达。【结果】鹌鹑VIPR-1的cDNA全长2 427 bp,包含了1 341 bp的开放性阅读框,编码446个氨基酸;序列分析显示,克隆获得的鹌鹑VIPR-1编码区序列与鸡该编码区序列存在41个碱基的差异,造成4个氨基酸残基的不同;VIPR-1氨基酸序列与鸡、火鸡、斑胸草雀的氨基酸的一致性分别为99.1%、92.2%、88%,与其它物种的一致性在60%-78%;各物种VIPR-1蛋白进化树符合物种进化规律;VIPR-1理化性质表明该蛋白为一偏碱性蛋白,蛋白二级结构主要由α-螺旋、β-折叠和β-转角构成;在N-端存在一个由22个氨基酸残基（MKSARLRVLLPLLGCLLSAASS）组成的信号肽,7个α-螺旋构成的跨膜域和C-端结构域,在跨膜域有胆固醇结合位点;在所检测的8个组织中VIPR-1 mRNA均有表达,在小肠中表达量最高。【结论】成功地克隆了鹌鹑VIPR-1 cDNA全长序列,该基因在小肠组织的表达高于其它组织,在跨膜域存在胆固醇结合位点。     

草鱼MyoD cDNA的克隆和序列分析

 用RACE技术从受精后约22 h的草鱼胚胎总RNA中扩增获得了草鱼MyoD基因的全序列,并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明，草鱼MyoD基因全长cDNA为1 597 bp,其中开放阅读框为825 bp，共编码275个氨基酸，结构分析表明该肽链第1～84个氨基酸为草鱼MyoD基因的Basic区,第98～142个氨基酸为草鱼MyoD基因的HLH结构域，该序列所编码的肽链没有信号肽；通过对比分析已知的GeneBank中其它脊椎动物MyoD基因发现，该基因编码的氨基酸肽链随动物由低等向高等进化有加长的趋势,且核苷酸以及推测的氨基酸同源性和动物之间的亲缘关系相一致；草鱼MyoD基因的克隆为研究家鱼的肌肉发育调控的机理以及肉质改良奠定了基础。     

Tyr527 is phosphorylated in pp60c-src: implications for regulation

The Rous sarcoma virus oncogene product, pp60v-src, transforms cultured fibroblasts but its corresponding proto-oncogene product, pp60c-src, does not. Both proteins are known to be protein-tyrosine kinases. Published results suggest that the kinase activity of pp60c-src is inhibited relative to that of pp60v-src, due perhaps to phosphorylation of a tyrosine in pp60c-src that is not phosphorylated in pp60v-src. In this study, it was observed that the tyrosine phosphorylated in pp60c-src is Tyr527, six residues from the COOH-terminus of the protein. The region of pp60c-src from residue 515 to the COOH-terminus, including Tyr527, has been replaced with a different sequence in pp60v-src. Thus, the increase in transforming ability and kinase activity that occurred in the genesis of pp60v-src may have resulted from the loss of a tyrosine involved in negative regulation.     

Characterization and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer's disease

Four clones were isolated from an adult human brain complementary DNA library with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the first 20 amino acids of the beta peptide of brain amyloid from Alzheimer's disease. The open reading frame of the sequenced clone coded for 97 amino acids, including the known amino acid sequence of this polypeptide. The 3.5-kilobase messenger RNA was detected in mammalian brains and human thymus. The gene is highly conserved in evolution and has been mapped to human chromosome 21.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Pollen Development Related Gene RsMF2 from Raphanus sativus L.

In the paper, the full length cDNA of RsMF2 gene, homologous with the BcMF2 gene encoding pollen-specific polygalacturonase of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) was cloned from Raphanus sativus L. cv. Yuanbai by PCR, with a pair of primer designed according to the coding sequence of BcMF2. The largest opening reading frame of RsMF2 gene is 1 266 bp in length and encodes a protein of 421 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 43.9 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that it has three potential N-glycosylation sites and one polygalacturonase active position (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS). And the first 32 amino acids of the predicted RsMF2 protein form a N-terminal hydrophobic domain which displays the properties of a signal peptide. The predicted secondary structure composition for the protein has 6.9% helix, 42.0% sheet and 51.1% loop. Four domains which are highly conserved in the whole plant and fungal PGs is present in RsMF2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsMF2 falls into the category of clade-C, which includes PGs related to pollen. These results indicate that RsMF2 may act as polygalacturonase related to pollen development.     

鸡Igλ轻链基因克隆、序列分析及其在COS7细胞膜上的定位表达

为了研究鸡B细胞膜免疫球蛋白(mIg)的功能,深入了解鸡免疫系统抗体基因的特点,从鸡法氏囊B细胞cDNA中扩增出Igλ轻链基因,对其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了分析和比较。该基因cDNA全长873bp,编码含226个氨基酸的Igλ轻链,N-端21个氨基酸构成轻链信号肽,随后是2个Ig样结构域。运用融合PCR的方法将该基因与牛IgG Fc受体γRⅡ跨膜区序列嵌合形成重组跨膜分子,构建真核表达载体pcDNA-λR2T,转染COS7细胞,荧光抗体染色及流式细胞术检测到重组鸡Igλ轻链在细胞膜上的表达。所扩增的鸡Igλ轻链基因以及构建表达于细胞膜上的重组鸡Igλ轻链跨膜分子,为研究鸡免疫系统中的抗体轻链基因,探索Igλ轻链和B细胞膜免疫球蛋白的功能奠定技术基础。     

Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.     

一株H9(N2)型禽流感病毒HA基因的克隆与序列分析

利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术扩增出禽流感病毒(H9亚型)血凝素的cDNA。通过T-A连接将已加A尾的PCR产物连接到线状克隆载体pGEM-Teasy vector,转化J M109感受态细胞,在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性克隆。经PCR扩增,进一步确证为目的片段。对目的片段进行测序,结果获得该毒株的HA基因全长。与已知序列进行同源性比较,同源性最高的可达98%,表明这些分离株的亲缘关系较近;系统发育分析表明,该毒株属欧亚种系;通过血凝素裂解位点的氨基酸序列分析可知,该分离株的HA切割位点上未见到典型的高致病力毒株H5、H7所具有的一系列碱性氨基酸,其排列顺序为-PARSSRGLF-。所克隆的基因为禽流感病毒HA基因芯片的研究奠定了基础,同时为诊断和预防AI提供了理论依据。     

鸡新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗诱导鸡IL-2基因转录及cDNA克隆的研究

应用RT-PCR方法从鸡新城疫 系疫苗接种鸡胚的脾淋巴细胞中扩增出IL-2基因cDNA。结果表明,以鸡新城疫 系疫苗稀释50倍或100倍接种10日龄鸡胚,培养48h的脾脏提取mRNA的扩增效果最好。测序结果显示,所扩增片段的核苷酸序列及其所编码的氨基酸序列,与已发表的IL-2基因的同源性分别为97.7%～99.8%和95.1%～99.3%。其中第8位、68位和130位氨基酸(分别是L,V和S)的变异是其他品种鸡所没有的。     

刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆刺五加叶绿体的ATP合酶β亚基cDNA并对其进行生物信息学分析。[方法]根据已知物种叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因的序列,设计1对同源引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,并对其进行序列比对及结构预测分析。[结果]RT-PCR扩增获得了长1099bp的刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,该基因编码366个氨基酸。序列比对及结构预测分析表明,刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因编码的氨基酸与水稻的同源性最高,达96.41%。其二级结构中含有171个α螺旋（alpha helix）,占46.72%;53个延伸链（extended strand）,占14.48%;27个β折叠（beta turn）,占7.38%;115个无规则蜷曲（random coil）,占31.42%。第262～271位氨基酸为ATP合酶β亚基的标志性位点。整个多肽链无明显的疏水区域,初步认定为亲水性蛋白。[结论]该试验克隆得到的ATP合酶β亚基基因为叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因,为研究刺五加能量代谢对植物次生代谢的影响及了解植物ATP合酶的结构与功能提供了必要的信息。     

刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆刺五加叶绿体的ATP合酶β亚基cDNA并对其进行生物信息学分析。[方法]根据已知物种叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因的序列,设计1对同源引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,并对其进行序列比对及结构预测分析。[结果]RT-PCR扩增获得了长1 099 bp的刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,该基因编码366个氨基酸。序列比对及结构预测分析表明,刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因编码的氨基酸与水稻的同源性最高,达96.41%。其二级结构中含有171个α螺旋(alpha helix),占46.72%;53个延伸链(extended strand),占14.48%;27个β折叠(beta turn),占7.38%;115个无规则蜷曲(random coil),占31.42%。第262～271位氨基酸为ATP合酶β亚基的标志性位点。整个多肽链无明显的疏水区域,初步认定为亲水性蛋白。[结论]该试验克隆得到的ATP合酶β亚基基因为叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因,为研究刺五加能量代谢对植物次生代谢的影响及了解植物ATP合酶的结构与功能提供了必要的信息。     

牙鲆epigen基因的克隆以及在变态过程中的表达

为了调查表皮细胞分裂原epigen基因是否与牙鲆变态发育有关,分析了从变态期牙鲆仔鱼cDNA文库中测序得到的epigen基因。发现epigen基因编码162个氨基酸,具有信号肽序列,一个跨膜结构域和EGF-like结构域。EGF-like结构域包含有可形成3个二硫键的6个半胱氨酸残基,是表皮生长因子家族的结构特征。此外,利用荧光实时定量RT-PCR,调查了epigen基因在牙鲆眼睛移动过程中的变化。相比眼睛移动之前(17DAH,day after hatching),epigen基因在眼睛移动初期(19DAH)表达明显增强,为17DAH时的2.363倍;而在眼睛移动过程的高峰期(23DAH),表达量明显回落,相对19DAH的表达量降低了80%;变态结束后(27DAH)epigen基因的表达没有重新增强或进一步的回落,提示epigen基因可能与眼睛移动初期的变态发育事件有关,而与变态高峰期和变态后期的发育事件关系不明显。     

松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆和序列分析

[目的]获得松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,并检测松江鲈β-肌动蛋白在组织中的表达。[方法]以松江鲈肌肉总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR、5′-RACE和3′-RACE的方法扩增β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA片段,用RT-PCR方法检测组织表达。[结果]获得了松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA的3个片段,测序后拼接得到1 905 bp全长cDNA序列,其包含了1 128个核苷酸的开放性阅读框,翻译编码375个氨基酸。核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析发现,松江鲈β-肌动蛋白基因序列与点带石斑鱼、军曹鱼、红鲷鱼等同源性相对较高,与哺乳动物和鸟类同源性相对较低;系统发育分析表明,松江鲈β-肌动蛋白与点带石斑鱼关系最近。RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在检测的肌肉、肝脏、肠和脑4种组织均有表达。[结论]首次得到了β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,并证明了松江鲈的β-肌动蛋白基因非常保守。     

D-alanine in the frog skin peptide dermorphin is derived from L-alanine in the precursor

A D-alanine-containing peptide termed dermorphin, with potent opiate-like activity, has been isolated from skin of the frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei. Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed from frog skin messenger RNA and screened with a mixture of oligonucleotides that contained the codons complementary to five amino acids of dermorphin. Clones were detected with inserts coding for different dermorphin precursors. The predicted amino acid sequences of these precursors contained homologous repeats of 35 amino acids that included one copy of the heptapeptide dermorphin. In these cloned cDNAs, the alanine codon GCG occurred at the position where D-alanine is present in the end product. This suggests the existence of a novel post-translational reaction for the conversion of an L-amino acid to its D-isomer.     

Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor.