Priming effect and its regulating factors for fast and slow soil organic carbon pools: A meta-analysis

The priming effect (PE) plays a critical role in the control of soil carbon (C) cycling and influences the alteration of soil organic C (SOC) decomposition by fresh C input.However,drivers of PE for the fast and slow SOC pools remain unclear because of the varying results from individual studies.Using meta-analysis in combination with boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis,we evaluated the relative contribution of multiple drivers of PE with substrate and their patterns across each driver gradient.The results showed that the variability of PE was larger for the fast SOC pool than for the slow SOC pool.Based on the BRT analysis,67%and 34%of the variation in PE were explained for the fast and slow SOC pools,respectively.There were seven determinants of PE for the fast SOC pool,with soil total nitrogen (N) content being the most important,followed by,in a descending order,substrate C:N ratio,soil moisture,soil clay content,soil pH,substrate addition rate,and SOC content.The directions of PE were negative when soil total N content and substrate C:N ratio were below 2 g kg~(-1)and 20,respectively,but the directions changed from negative to positive with increasing levels of this two factors.Soils with optimal water content (50%–70%of the water-holding capacity) or moderately low pH (5–6) were prone to producing a greater PE.For the slow SOC pool,soil p H and soil total N content substantially explained the variation in PE.The magnitude of PE was likely to decrease with increasing soil pH for the slow SOC pool.In addition,the magnitude of PE slightly fluctuated with soil N content for the slow SOC pool.Overall,this meta-analysis provided new insights into the distinctive PEs for different SOC pools and indicated knowledge gaps between PE and its regulating factors for the slow SOC pool.     

Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.     

A review of cadmium sorption mechanisms on soil mineral surfaces revealed from synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy: Implications for soil remediation

The sorption of cadmium(Cd) is one of the most important chemical processes in soil, affecting its fate and mobility in both soil and water and ultimately controlling its bioavailability. In order to fundamentally understand the sorption/desorption of Cd in soil systems, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy(XAFS) has been applied in numerous studies to provide molecular-level information that can be used to characterize the surface adsorption and precipitation reactions that Cd can undergo. This information greatly improves our current knowledge of the possible chemical reactions of Cd in soil. This paper critically reviews the mechanisms of Cd sorption/desorption at the mineral-water interface based on XAFS studies performed over the past twenty years. An introduction to the basic concepts of sorption processes is provided, followed by a detailed interpretation of XAFS theory and experimental data collection and processing,ending finally with a discussion of the atomic/molecular-scale Cd sorption mechanisms that occur at the soil mineral-water interface. Particular emphasis is placed on literature that discusses Cd adsorption and speciation when associated with iron, manganese, and aluminum oxides and aluminosilicate minerals.Multiple sorption mechanisms by which Cd is sorbed by these minerals have been found, spanning from outer-sphere to inner-sphere to surface precipitation,depending on mineral type, surface loading, and pH. In addition, the application of complementary techniques(e.g.,113 Cd nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and molecular dynamics simulation) for probing Cd sorption mechanisms is discussed. This review can help to develop appropriate strategies for the environmental remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.     

大宁党参高产栽培技术

党参因产地及加工方法不同,有不同的商品名。巫溪称"大宁党"、巫山称"巫山党"、"单支党"、"条党"、"庙党",奉节称"条党"。巫溪所产党参是川党参(C.tangshen Oliv.)中的一种,即"大宁党",其名称来源于产地命名(巫溪县在明国时期为大宁县),在植物学分类上为"条党",即产于重庆、湖北、陕西交界处的党参,其形状多条状,故名"条党"。     

Human and ecological risks of metals in soils under different land-use types in an urban environment of Bangladesh

Trace metal contamination in soil is of great concern owing to its long persistence in the environment and toxicity to humans and other organisms.Concentrations of six potentially toxic trace metals,Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,and Pb,in urban soils were measured in Dhaka City,Bangladesh.Soils from different land-use types,namely,agricultural field,park,playground,petrol station,metal workshop,brick field,burning sites,disposal sites of household waste,garment waste,electronic waste,and tannery wast,and construction waste demolishing sites,were investigated.The concentration ranges of Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Pb,and Cd in soils were 2.4–1258,8.3–1044,9.7–823,8.7–277,1.8–80,and 13–842 mg kg^-1,respectively.The concentrations of metals were subsequently used to establish hazard quotients(HQs)for the adult population.The metal HQs decreased in the order of As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu.Ingestion was the most vital exposure pathway of studied metals from soils followed by dermal contact and inhalation.The range of pollution load index(PLI)was 0.96–17,indicating severe contamination of soil by trace metals.Considering the comprehensive potential ecological risk(PER),soils from all land-use types showed considerable to very high ecological risks.The findings of this study revealed that in the urban area studied,soils of some land-use types were severely contaminated with trace metals.Thus,it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the potential health risks to the local inhabitants and ecological risk to the surrounding ecosystems.     

Importance of hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review

Microbial methanogenesis is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).It is the final step in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter when inorganic electron acceptors such as nitrate,ferric iron,or sulfate have been depleted.Knowledge of this degradation pathway is important for the creation of mechanistic models,prediction of future CH4 emission scenarios,and development of mitigation strategies.In most anoxic environments,CH4 is produced from either acetate(aceticlastic methanogenesis)or hydrogen(H2)plus carbon dioxide(CO2)(hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis).Hydrogen can be replaced by other CO2-type methanogenesis,using formate,carbon monoxide(CO),or alcohols as substrates.The ratio of these two pathways is tightly constrained by the stoichiometry of conversion processes.If the degradation of organic matter is complete(e.g.,degradation of straw in rice paddies),then fermentation eventually results in production of acetate and H2 at a ratio of>67%aceticlastic and<33%hydrogenotrophic methanogensis.However,acetate production can be favored when heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic acetogenesis is enhanced,and H2 production can be favored when syntrophic acetate oxidation is enhanced.This typically occurs at low and elevated temperatures,respectively.Thus,temperature can strongly influence the methanogenic pathway,which may range from 100%aceticlastic methanogenesis at low temperatures to 100%hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at high temperatures.However,if the degradation of organic matter is not complete(e.g.,degradation of soil organic matter),the stoichiometry of fermentation is not tightly constrained,resulting,for example,in the preferential production of H2,followed by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.Preferential production of CH4 by either aceticlastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis can also happen if one of the methanogenic substrates is not consumed by methanogens but is,instead,accumulated,volatilized,or utilized otherwise.Methylotrophic methanogens,which can use methanol as a substrate,are widespread,but it is unlikely that methanol is produced in similar quantities as acetate,CO2,and H2.Methylotrophic methanogenesis is important in saline environments,where compatible solutes are degraded to methyl compounds(trimethyl amine and dimethyl sulfide)and then serve as non-competitive substrates,while acetate and hydrogen are degraded by non-methanogenic processes,e.g.,sulfate reduction.     

Combined application of a straw layer and flue gas desulphurization gypsum to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity

Burying a straw layer and applying flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum are effective practices to ameliorate soil salinization or alkalization and to increase crop yield;however,little information exists on the effects of such integration in saline-alkali soils.A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum on soil salinity and alkalinity.We placed a straw layer(5 cm thick)at a depth of 30 cm and mixed FGD gypsum into the 0–20 cm soil layer at application rates of 7.5,15.0,22.5,and 30.0 t ha^-1,with no straw layer and FGD gypsum as a control(CK).The soil water content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was significantly higher(>7.8%)in the treated soil profiles after infiltration than in the CK,but decreased after evaporation.The electrical conductivity(EC)of the 10–30 cm soil layer was 230.2%and 104.9%higher in the treated soil profiles than in the CK after infiltration and evaporation,respectively,and increased with increasing rates of FGD gypsum application,with Ca^2+and SO4^2-being the main dissolved salts.Compared to those in the CK,the concentrations of Na^+,Cl^-,and HCO3-decreased in the treated soil profiles at depths above 55 cm,but the other soluble ions increased,after infiltration.A similar trend occurred after evaporation for all soluble ions except for HCO3-.The p H and exchangeable sodium percentage in the treated soil profiles were significantly lower than those in the CK over the entire profile,and decreased with increasing FGD gypsum application rates.Therefore,the incorporation of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum can reduce salinity and alkalinity,but the quantity of FGD gypsum should be controlled in saline-alkali soils.     

Optimizing the use of open chambers to measure ammonia volatilization in field plots amended with urea

Measuring ammonia(NH₃)volatilization from urea-fertilized soils is crucial for evaluation of practices that reduce gaseous nitrogen(N)losses in agriculture.The small area of chambers used for NH₃volatilization measurements compared with the size of field plots may cause significant errors if inadequate sampling strategies are adopted.Our aims were:i)to investigate the effect of using multiple open chambers on the variability in the measurement of NH₃volatilization in urea-amended field plots and ii)to define the critical period of NH₃-N losses during which the concentration of sampling effort is capable of reducing uncertainty.The use of only one chamber covering 0.015%of the plot(51.84 m²)generates a value of NH₃-N loss within an expected margin of error of 30%around the true mean.To reduce the error margin by half(15%),3–7 chambers were required with a mean of 5 chambers per plot.Concentrating the sampling efforts in the first two weeks after urea application,which is usually the most critical period of N losses and associated errors,represents an efficient strategy to lessen uncertainty in the measurements of NH₃volatilization.This strategy enhances the power of detection of NH₃-N loss abatement in field experiments using chambers.     

Distribution of 137Cs and 60Co in plough layer of farmland: Evidenced from a lysimeter experiment using undisturbed soil columns

Radionuclide fallout during nuclear accidents on the land may impair the atmosphere, contaminate farmland soils and crops, and can even reach the groundwater. Previous research focused on the field distribution of deposited radionuclides in farmland soils, but details of the amounts of radionuclides in the plough layer and the changes in their proportional distribution in the soil profile with time are still inadequate. In this study, a lysimeter experiment was conducted to determine the vertical migration of 137Cs and 60Co in brown and aeolian sandy soils, collected from the farmlands adjoining Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) in eastern China, and to identify the factors influencing their migration depths in soil. At the end of the experiment(800 d), >96% of added 137Cs and 60Co were retained in the top 0–20 cm soil layer of both soils;very little 137Cs or 60Co initially migrated to 20–30 cm, but their amounts at this depth increased with time. The migration depth of 137Cs was greater in the aeolian sandy soil than in the brown soil during 0–577 d, but at the end of the experiment, 137Cs migrated to the same depth(25 cm) in both soils. Three phases on the vertical migration rate(v) of 60Co in the aeolian sandy soil can be identified: an initial rapid movement(0–355 d, v = 219 ± 17 mm year-1), followed by a steady movement(355–577 d, v = 150 ± 24 mm year-1) and a very slow movement(577–800 d, v = 107 ± 7 mm year-1). In contrast, its migration rate in the brown soil(v = 133 ± 17 mm year-1) was steady throughout the 800-d experimental period. The migration of both 137Cs and 60Co in the two soils appears to be regulated by soil clay and silt fractions that provide most of the soil surface area, soil organic carbon(SOC), and soil pH, which were manifested by the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 137Cs and 60Co. The results of this study suggest that most 137Cs and 60Co remained within the top layer(0–20 cm depth) of farmland soils following a simulated NPP accident, and little reached the subsurface(20–30 cm depth). Fixation of radionuclides onto clay minerals may limit their migration in soil, but some could be laterally distributed by soil erosion and taken up by crops, and migrate into groundwater in a high water table level area after several decades.Remediation measures, therefore, should focus on reducing their impact on the farmland soils, crops, and water.     

青花菜品种在南亚热带地区的适宜性研究

青花菜又称绿叶菜,原产于地中海沿岸,其特点是营养价值高,含有多种矿物质等营养,位居同类蔬菜之首。由于青花菜生育期短,耐寒性强,主要产区在北方,在南方只有冷凉地区有少量栽培,而贵州属典型的南亚热气候类型,特别是在罗甸地区,秋季作物收获后,冬季只种植一些白菜类蔬菜。而营养价值高的青花菜,     

基于HJ-CCD数据的水稻洪涝灾情诊断分析及长势监测（英文）

It has great significance to study quick monitoring of rice flood disaster and applying timely remedial measures in the disaster area.LAI is a very important physiological parameter in crop growth characterization index,which can reflect the crop growing information objectively.The existing methods of flood monitoring using remote sensing technology rarely consider the damage and the post disaster growth of rice.The HJ-CCD data take advantage of high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution remote sensing image,which can be used for gathering rice growing information during the critical period.The growth situation after rice flood disaster in Anhui Province was monitored using 3 screens HJ-CCD data as the data source on 16thJuly,19thAugust,26th August,2009,respectively.The semi-empirical function model based on Beer-Lambert laws was constructed for this inversion LAI.And LAI were acquired in each stage after flood disaster,the trend of growth diagnosis dynamic change was analyzed and assessed by rice flood disaster evaluation indicator.At the same time,the 40 field investigate data were used to verify the model and the R2=0.4251,RMSE=2.053.The results show that LAI can be well evaluated the degree of rice flood disaster growth based on HJ-CCD data,and it is effective for monitoring and diagnosing rice flood disaster.The results provide a theoretical basis for rice flood disaster research,post disaster rehabilitation and recovery,and provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of targeted remedial measures at the same time.     

基于HJ-CCD与TM影像的水稻LAI估测一致性分析

针对传感器参数与Landsat-5 TM较为相近的环境减灾小卫星HJ-CCD影像可否适用于水稻叶面积指数（LAI）估测的问题,该文利用同为2009-07-13获取的安徽省境内相同范围的HJ-CCD影像和TM影像,结合地面同步调查数据,分别从影像原始波段相关性、反演模型精度及LAI空间分布趋势3个方面,对两类数据在水稻LAI估测上的一致性进行分析和评价。结果表明,两类影像原始波段反射率相关性较高,基于两类影像的单变量、多变量模型在精度上一致性较高,估测所得的LAI在空间分布上也具有较高的一致性,数据集中分布的区间较为一致。因此,该研究初步证明将HJ-CCD影像用于水稻LAI估测在总体上是可行的。但同时,由于基于两类影像构建的模型在形式上存在一定程度的差异,据此得到的LAI填图结果的数据分布在某些区间内亦略有差异。因此,在应用中应注意针对不同数据源进行独立建模分析,不可相互套用模型。该研究一定程度上为有着重访周期短、覆盖范围宽等优势的国产中分辨率遥感数据在农业领域的应用提供依据。     

不同时空分辨率遥感数据融合估算冬小麦叶面积指数

高时空分辨率叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)数据能反映作物的长势动态变化,为作物长势评估和产量预测提供有效的生长指标依据。该文综合利用混合像元线性分解与数据同化算法,以高空间分辨率SPOT-5数据反演的LAI修正高时间分辨率HJ-CCD数据反演的LAI序列,生成了覆盖冬小麦主要生育期的高空间分辨率LAI序列,并结合SPOT-5反演的LAI和实测LAI值分析了像元纯度、高空间分辨率遥感数据同化景数对融合效果的影响。结果表明,采用数据融合方法生成的LAI与检验LAI具有较高的一致性,但像元纯度对融合效果影响较大;基于2景SPOT-5影像能够提高LAI序列估测精度,且优于基于1景SPOT-5影像的融合效果。该研究结果可为冬小麦生长监测提供技术支撑。     

中国作物生长模拟监测系统构建及应用

该文系统阐述了中国作物生长模拟监测系统（Crop Growth Simulating and Monitoring System in China, CGMS-China）的构建方法及其在国家级农业气象业务中的应用。CGMS-China是基于WOFOST、Oryza2000、WheatSM、ChinaAgroys 4个作物模型构建的系统,在作物长势监测评估、农业气象灾害影响评估、作物产量预报等农业气象业务中均有应用。该系统可进行作物长势监测、产量预报、农业气象灾害影响评估。利用CGMS-China模拟输出的地上生物量、叶面积指数、穗质量,建立作物长势评估指标,可对小麦、玉米、水稻进行实时长势监测与评估。通过CGMS-China对2014年8月中旬华北黄淮夏玉米的干旱产量损失评估和2016年6月22日早稻高温热害的产量损失预估表明,CGMS-China对农业气象灾害影响评估的效果较好。利用CGMS-China对2014年冬小麦主产省进行产量预报,各省的平均预报相对误差为7%。与此同时,在CGMS-China中利用遥感数据同化方法,对山西洪洞县进行产量预报,预报相对误差小于11%。该系统在国家级农业气象业务中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于Landsat8 OLI与MODIS数据的洪涝季节作物种植结构提取

洪涝灾害会造成农作物严重受损,因此洪涝季节作物的种植结构是估算洪涝灾害损失、进行防灾减灾措施的必要信息。为了能够快速便捷地提取洪涝季节作物种植结构,该文以湖北省监利县为研究区域,探讨了采用空间分辨率较高的Landsat8陆地成像仪(operational land imager,OLI)影像和时间分辨率较高的中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)数据,综合利用多源多时相遥感影像提取中小尺度范围的洪涝季节作物种植结构的方法。首先利用MODIS数据建立作物的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)时间序列曲线,并采用改进后的Savitzky-Golay滤波器对曲线进行平滑处理,然后根据作物的物候特征设定阈值,界定作物种类,进而以此为依据在作物关键生育时期的Landsat8 OLI高清影像中选择合适的感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)作为先验知识,使用BP(back propagation)神经网络模型对OLI数据进行监督分类,提取作物种植面积分布。最后利用统计数据与资源三号卫星数据对提取结果进行验证,平均精度达到88%,能够较准确地反映监利县洪涝季节作物的分布情况。该研究可为洪涝灾害损失估算提供可靠基础。     

基于遥感数据与作物生长模型同化的作物长势监测

遥感观测和作物生长模型模拟是进行农作物长势监测的2种有效手段,并具有较好的互补性,构建二者的同化系统是目前农业遥感研究领域的热点。同化涉及多学科的交叉集成,十分有必要将同化方法中的模型、算法、数据进行集成,构建基础作物模型同化系统平台,降低科学研究和应用的难度。采用模块化结构设计,将同化系统构建所需的主要模型、算法、数据等进行有机结合和无缝集成,实现基于极快速模拟退火算法的遥感数据与CERES-Wheat作物生长模型的同化原型系统构建。此外,通过所开发的系统利用地面高光谱作为遥感数据,通过同化小麦叶面积指数对同化系统进行了检验和初步应用。同化LAI与实测结果较好的拟合度,表明所开发的同化系统基本可行,能为遥感技术与作物模型的基础研究和应用提供一个平台。     

基于时间序列环境卫星影像的作物分类识别

环境星影像具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,利用其时序遥感数据进行作物信息提取优势明显。该文以黑龙江垦区友谊农场作物为研究对象,利用2010年6月至9月共10景HJ-CCD数据进行作物种植分类信息提取。首先,通过SPLINE算法对云影响区域插值去噪,重构时间序列影像数据;其次,通过分析试验区主要作物的光谱和植被指数时序变化特征,构建基于决策树分层分类的主要作物遥感分类模型,成功提取了黑龙江友谊农场大豆、玉米和水稻的种植信息,分类总体精度达到96.33%。同时,将分类结果同基于时间序列植被指数影像的支持向量机和最大似然法分类结果相比较,结果表明,决策树分类效果最好,支持向量机次之,最大似然分类较差。研究表明,通过去云处理后构建的时间序列HJ卫星遥感影像,结合作物的光谱和典型植被指数时序变化特征,借助于决策树分类方法能够有效提高黑龙江垦区主要种植作物分类的准确性和精度。     

基于HJ-CCD数据和随机森林算法的小麦叶面积指数反演

为给小麦长势的遥感监测提供技术支持,该文运用随机森林回归(RF,random forest)算法建立小麦叶面积指数(LAI)遥感反演模型。首先基于2010-2013年江苏地区小麦环境减灾卫星HJ-CCD的影像数据,提取拔节、孕穗和开花3个生育期的卫星植被指数,进而根据各生育期植被指数和相应实测LAI数据,利用RF算法构建各期小麦LAI反演模型,并以人工神经网络(ANN,artificial neural network)模型为参比模型进行预测精度的比较。结果表明:RF算法模型在3个生育期的预测结果均好于同期的ANN模型。拔节、孕穗和开花3个生育期RF模型预测值与地面实测值的R2分别为0.79,0.67和0.59,对应的RMSE分别为0.57,0.90和0.78;ANN模型的R2分别为0.67,0.31和0.30,对应的RMSE分别为0.82,1.94和1.43。该研究结果为提高大田尺度下的小麦LAI遥感预测精度提供了技术和方法。     

基于机器学习的棉花叶面积指数监测

为实现基于机器学习和无人机高光谱影像进行棉花全生育期叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)监测,该研究基于大田种植滴灌棉花,在不同品种及不同施氮处理的小区试验基础上,对无人机获取的高光谱数据分别采用一阶导(First Derivative, FDR)、二阶导(Second Derivative, SDR)、SG(Savitzky-Golay)平滑和多元散射校正(Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC)进行预处理,并结合Pearson相关系数法、连续投影(Successive Projections Algorithm, SPA)、随机蛙跳(Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, SFLA)和竞争性自适应重加权(Competitive Adaptive Reweighting, CARS)筛选敏感波段,将筛选出的波段,使用偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression, PLSR)、支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression, SVR)和随机森林回归(Random Forest Regression, RFR)3种机器学习算法构建棉花LAI监测模型。结果表明:棉花冠层LAI敏感响应波段集中在可见光(400～780 nm)和近红外(900 nm之后)波段;对比3种机器学习算法,各预处理下RFR建立的LAI监测模型精度最高,稳定性最好,其中以FDR-SFLA-RFR模型最佳,在建模集的决定系数为0.74,均方根误差为1.648 3,相对均方根误差为26.39%;验证集的决定系数、均方根误差分别为0.67和1.622 0,相对均方根误差为25.97%。该研究基于无人机获取的棉花冠层光谱反射率,从不同光谱预处理、波段筛选及建模方法建立的模型中筛选出最佳估算模型用于棉花全生育期LAI监测,研究结果可为棉花大田精准管理及变量施肥提供依据。     

基于无人机遥感影像的大豆叶面积指数反演研究

作物叶面积指数的遥感反演是农业定量遥感研究热点之一,利用无人机遥感监测系统获取农作物光谱信息精确反演叶面积指数对精准农业生产与管理意义重大。本研究以山东省嘉祥县一带的大豆种植区为试验区,设计以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载Canon Power Shot G16数码相机和ADC-Lite多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统开展试验,分别获取大豆结荚期和鼓粒期的遥感影像。使用比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、三角植被指数(TVI)5种植被指数,结合田间同步实测叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)数据,采用经验模型法分别构建了单变量和多变量LAI反演模型,通过决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和估测精度(EA)3个指标筛选出最佳模型。研究表明,有选择性地分时期进行农作物的叶面积指数反演是必要的,鼓粒期作为2个生育期中大豆LAI反演的最佳时期,其NDVI线性回归模型对大豆LAI的解释能力最强,R2=0.829,RMSE=0.301,反演大豆LAI最准确,EA=85.4%,生成的鼓粒期大豆LAI分布图反映了当地当时大豆真实长势情况。因此,以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载高清数码相机和多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统对研究大豆叶面积指数反演是可行性,可作为指导精准农业研究的一种新方法。