优质鸡种质资源和利用概述

我国肉鸡生产分为两个系统:一个是以引进的白羽肉鸡为主,具有生长快、饲料转化率高为特点的肉鸡生产,通常称之为快大型肉鸡生产;另一个是以追求肉质鲜美、色味俱全的含地方鸡血液的优质鸡的生产。这两个各具特色的系统互相补充,共同构成了我国肉鸡生产的主体。优质鸡虽然增重速度慢、饲料报酬较低,但由于保持了传统的民族消费习惯,优质鸡的生产近年来便成为了我国养鸡业中独具特色的一个新兴产业,正以其独特的饲养方式、广阔的市场前景和诱人的经济效益,成为广大农村养殖致富的重要渠道。我们编辑了一组材料就优质鸡的基本概念、分类、品种、配套系和发展方向等方面加以介绍,希望对读者了解优质鸡及生产经营等情况有所帮助。     

中国淡水鱼类种质资源的保护和利用

本文简要介绍了目前世界鱼类资源概况、我国鱼类资源现状，以及鱼类生物多样性的极丰富程度与易被破坏性，还介绍了造成鱼类种类减少或区系组成变化的主要原因以及造成鱼类遗传多样性减少的内在原因和外部原因；比较详细的提出了鱼类种质资源保护的目的、策略及措施。并就我国鲤科鱼类繁育群体的大小、鱼类种质的鉴定与评价及利用前景作了分析。     

青海省优质牧草种质资源保护与开发

青海天然草地拥有十分丰富的牧草种质资源,部分牧草具有优良的抗逆基因。近年,青海省充分重视优质牧草种植资源的开发与保护工作,取得不错的成效。但目前依然有较多的问题存在,如总体数量偏少、缺乏丰富的保存方式等。需进一步完善优质牧草种质资源的保护与开发体系,促使优质牧草种质资源得到深入开发、利用与保护。     

海南黄牛种质资源的保护和利用探讨

本文阐述了海南黄牛的品种特性与发展现状,讨论了海南黄牛种质退化原因,提出了海南黄牛种质资源保护和开发利用策略,探讨了热带气候条件下海南黄牛种质资源保护的具体措施。     

大别山牛种质资源特性和杂交利用浅析

［目的］研究大别山牛的遗传发育特性,探讨其杂交利用效果。［方法］对大别山牛24头(公牛10头,母牛14头)进行了初生、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄体重和体尺性状测定,随机选择3头大别山牛阉牛持续育肥至24月龄后进行了屠宰测定、肉质营养成分测定和风味物质检测。［结果］大别山牛公母牛在0-6月龄、12-24月龄时是体重增长高峰期,大别山牛肉肉质细嫩、风味浓郁,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例(39.65±2.32)%。［结论］大别山牛是我国优良的地方品种牛之一,具有独特的遗传发育特性,亟需加以保护和开发利用,且杂交改良可能是提高其养殖效益的有效途径之一。     

枇杷种质资源创新利用研究进展

枇杷是原产于中国的亚热带果树,是一种药食同源的保健水果,其栽培历史悠久。我国幅员辽阔,生态环境多样,孕育了世界上最多的枇杷种质资源。本文综述了我国枇杷属植物种质资源的收集与保存、种质交流、种质创新与利用的研究现状、问题分析;对未来发展提出意见,要努力创制“种源惟一,节肥、节水,省工、省力、省药”的“一源两节三省”品种与配套栽培技术,精准保护知识产权。对种源的知识产权保护要织密物防、技防的网络,诉案须有保护对象唯一的技术身份数据佐证,独具排他性。综述,本研究为枇杷种质资源的发展创制和产业发展提供决策参考。     

二花脸猪种质资源保护和优质安全猪产品开发

江苏省苏州市乃至全国猪肉产品的质量现状令人担忧 ,主要表现在 :①猪疫病导致其产品有害菌虫污染 ;②猪肉产品中的药物残留超标 ;③猪肉产品中有毒有害物质残留超标。食用猪肉而中毒的事件屡有发生 ,成为危害人体健康的隐形杀手。猪肉产品的卫生安全问题已成为我市“建设最适宜人居和创业的城市”的重要障碍。苏州市地产猪供小于求 ,外地猪源的质量安全令人担心。社会对优质安全猪肉产品的消费需求日益迫切。1　地方品种猪资源现状太湖猪以繁殖性能高和肉质鲜美等优良遗传特性而引起世界养猪界的高度关注。美、法、日等国先后从我国引进了…     

White striping prevalence and its effect on meat quality of broiler breast fillets under commercial conditions

White striping (WS), characterized by white striations on the Pectoralis major muscle, is an emerging problem for the broiler industry. Thus, the impact of WS on meat quality has become a current research topic. In this context, a 2‐year follow‐up study, to reveal the prevalence of WS in broiler integrations, was undertaken. Additionally, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the oxidative quality during storage and the differences in proximate composition, colour and fatty acid and amino acid profiles of broiler breast fillets scored visually as normal, moderate and severe. In integrations, the WS incidence increased with increasing broiler age and more than 50% of breast fillets obtained from 32‐ to 35‐day‐old broilers and 36‐ to 39‐day‐old broilers had stripes with different scores. Lower protein and higher fat contents were measured in the moderate and severe scored fillets than the normal fillets (p < 0.001). Severe score stripes induced the formation of less redness on the ventral surface (p < 0.05) and a darker colour on the dorsal surface (p < 0.01). The lowest histidine, arginine and tryptophan amounts were determined in severe fillets (p < 0.05). Moderate and severe scored fillets were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids implying that they were sensitive to lipid oxidation. That suggestion was further proven by the higher TBARS values. Freeze‐thawing induced the formation of carbonyl compounds, but it did not cause differences in sulphydryl groups. Briefly, we suggest that different WS scores may affect the physicochemical and oxidative quality of breast fillets; however, more studies are needed to assert an accurate and explicit judgement.     

肉仔鸡蛋白质周转及其测定方法

从动态角度认识动物体蛋白质代谢是蛋白质代谢理论的重要进展。自从1942年Schoenheimer第一次提出体内蛋白质动态平衡观点以来,许多学者相继证明细胞内蛋白质在不断合成又不断降解。Waterlow等(1978)将蛋白质周转(proteinturnover)定义为在特定的代谢池内蛋白质被更新或替代的代谢过程。这一过程可能是蛋白质合成、降解,也可能是同一蛋白质在不同空间分布的转换。蛋白质合成和降解是既相对独立又相互协调的过程。肌肉生长取决于蛋白质在该组织中的沉积,蛋白质沉积又取决于蛋白质在组织中的合成或降解,蛋白质合成或降解速率的快慢常称为周转的快慢。     

如何改善肉鸭胴体品质

1 降低肉鸭体脂 遗传方面.目前在我国大型肉鸭种源上,主要有北京鸭、福建泉州的丽佳鸭、樱桃谷超级肉鸭、法国的奥白星等,北京鸭主要用于烤鸭,而用于加工盐水鸭、卤鸭、板鸭等的主要是丽佳鸭和樱桃谷鸭等肉鸭.在生产实践中,某一品种肉鸭的生长速度比另一品种快,同一品种肉鸭商品一代比商品二代生长速度快,尤其在饲养后期肉鸭体重达2.4千克以后,但皮脂率和腹脂率高.     

Constant photoperiods and eggshell quality in broiler breeder pullets

Broiler breeder pullets were exposed to constant 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, 14- or 16-h photoperiods from 3 d of age. Egg weight, eggshell weight and shell thickness index were determined at 52 weeks of age. Egg weight increased by 0.31 g, shell weight decreased by 30 mg and shell thickness index decreased by 0.57 mg/cm2 for each one-hour increase in photoperiod. Whilst the changes in egg weight and eggshell thickness index might be overstated because eggs were collected at the same chronological time, the effect of time of egg-laying within the day was minimal in comparison, and did not negate the conclusion that egg weight increases, and shell weight and thickness index decrease with lengthening photoperiods. The effect of photoperiod on eggshell quality was not due to differences in the rate of lay between treatments. Shell weight was unaffected by time of lay.     

Effectiveness of electrical stunning applied using a variety of waveform-frequencycombinations and consequences for carcase quality in broiler chickens

1. The effectiveness of electrical stunning of poultry was assessed where the recommended current of 105 mA per bird was applied using a range of waveform-frequency combinations. In addition the effect of the treatments on subsequent carcase quality was investigated. 2. The use of frequencies greater than 50 Hz was associated with a failure to induce ventricular fibrillation. 3. All waveform-frequency combinations were equally effective in producing a stunned state; the time to recovery was not affected by stunning treatment but was significantly longer in heavier birds. 4. The use of high frequency (500 Hz and 1500 Hz) stunning currents resulted in a decrease in carcase downgrading and a marked reduction in the occurrence of breast muscle haemorrhages, which represent significant commercial benefits to be gained by their use.     

合生素对白羽肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

1材料与方法1．1试验动物与设计试验选用内蒙古草原兴发股份有限公司培育的1日龄健康白羽肉鸡雏480羽,公母各半,按体质量随机分成4个处理组。处理A为正对照组（使用抗生素）;处理B为负对照组（不使用抗生素）;处理D为0．10％合生素组;处理E为0．05％合生素组。     

番茄渣可作肉鸡饲料中维生素E的来源

干的番茄渣，作为番茄加工过程中的副产品，含有丰富的维生素E，常在肉鸡饲料中作抗氧化剂。在饲喂试验中，添加番茄渣的小鸡体增重、料肉比和对照组相比并没有显著的差异。番茄渣可以作为维生素的来源饲喂肉鸡，以减少在加热和长期冷冻时肉中的脂肪氧化（脂肪衰败），延长保质期。番茄的副产品中不胞和脂肪酸含量较高，番茄渣是脱脂的且没有损失维生素E，从而将氧化的可能性降到最低。     

茶多糖对鸡肉品质的影响及机理研究

将1日龄AA肉鸡225只随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复25只，分别在饮水中加入0％、0．2％、0．4％的茶多糖，研究其对鸡肉品质的影响及作用机理。结果表明，茶多糖能显著地改善肉色（P〈0．01），降低滴水损失（P〈0．01），明显增强鸡肉的抗氧化性能（P〈O．05），显著地提高肉鸡血清中的GSH—Px（P〈0．05）、SOD活力（P〈0．05），显著地降低血清中的LDH活力（P〈0．05）。同时，茶多糖有提高肌肉中IMP含量（P〉0．05）、血清中AKP活力（P〉0．05）以及降低肌肉中CHOL、Pb、Cd含量（P〉0．05）和血清中CK活力（P〉0．05）的趋势。     

合生素对白羽肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

合生素是将有益微生物与植物多糖结合起来、充分利用它们的互补作用而形成的一种理想的无毒害、无残留的饲用添加剂。大量动物试验表明,合生素产品已达到与抗生素相似的生产效果,且对肉品质有一定的改善作用。本试验使用合生素分别以0.1%和0.05%添加到白羽肉鸡日粮中,与正对照(