木聚糖酶在肉鸡小麦日粮中的应用效果

选用健壮、活泼、均匀1日龄艾维茵肉鸡360羽，饲养至22日龄时进行称重，保证组间个体均重差异不显著。随机分为3个处理（每处理3个重复，每个重复40羽），分别饲喂正对照组饲粮（玉米-豆粕型日粮）、负对照组饲粮（小麦型饲粮）、小麦型日粮添加100g／t木聚糖酶的饲粮。试验在第22-49日龄进行，为期28d。自由采食、饮水。计算平均日增重、料重比、成活率，并进行经济效益分析。试验结果，与正对照组相比，负对照组的日增重降低2．16％，料重比和日采食量没有变化，差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；试验组日增重分别比正、负对照组提高2．38％（P〉0．05）和4．65％（P〈0．05），料重比均下降6．91％（P〉0．05），成活率显著提高6．47％（P〈0．05）。试验组对于正对照组和负对照组的生物学综合评定值分别为105、5％、103．7％，均大于100％，这说明小麦加木聚糖酶日粮比玉米日粮、小麦日粮更能促进肉大鸡生长性能的发挥。与正对照组相比，负对照组的单位增重饲料成本降低了0．15元／kg，试验组单位增重饲料成本降低了0．49元／kg。     

木聚糖酶在猪日粮中的应用及其作用机理

小麦作为猪饲料具有较高的营养价值,小麦日粮中的抗营养因子主要是阿拉伯木聚糖,表现为增加动物消化道食糜黏度,使小麦在畜禽日粮中的应用受到限制。木聚糖酶可有效降解猪日粮中的木聚糖,缓解或消除木聚糖的抗营养因子,稳定饲料品质,提高养分消化利用效率,改善动物生产性能,使小麦日粮在木聚糖酶的作用下达到玉米日粮的效果。本期华南农业大学冯定远教授就木聚糖酶的作用机理,对猪生长性能、消化系统发育、饲粮中养分消化利用的影响进行系统阐述,希望对行业能有所借鉴和参考。     

木聚糖酶在肉鸡小麦日粮中的应用效果

麦类及杂粕类非常规饲料原料中含有阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡萄聚糖等非淀粉多糖(NSP)和粗纤维、胰蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素及一些难于被消化的特殊结构蛋白质等抗营养因子,如果直接大量饲喂,不仅包裹营养物质,妨碍营养物质与消化酶间的相互作用,而且会引起畜禽机能性损伤,最终表     

NSP酶的作用机理及其在家禽小麦型日粮中的应用

本文综述了小麦的营养特性及NSP的抗营养特性,NSP的种类、作用机理及其在家禽小麦型日粮中的应用效果,为在家禽小麦型日粮中合理使用NSP酶提供依据。     

不同比例小麦日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>小麦是一种品质较好的能量饲料原料,小麦作为饲料的优点是其蛋白质和赖氨酸含量比玉米高30%~50%,与家畜生长发育密切相关的烟酸含量是玉米的2倍多,Ca、P、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸的含量也比玉米高,但代谢能是玉米的90%左右(NRC,1994),叶黄素、生物素的含量比较低。利用氨基酸平衡原理,用小麦替代部分玉米和豆饼饲喂家禽,可减少蛋白质饲料的用量,     

小麦型饲粮中添加酸性木聚糖酶对肉鸡消化道食糜黏度的影响

本试验旨在对比研究酸性和中性木聚糖酶的酶学性质及其在小麦型饲粮中的降黏效果。饲养试验检测2种木聚糖酶（酸性和中性木聚糖酶）对胃肠液的耐受性;pH 3.5条件下测试2种木聚糖酶的相对活性;选用木聚糖纯品和谷物检测2种木聚糖酶的降黏效果;选取512只1日龄的817白羽肉公鸡,随机分为4组（每组8个重复,每个重复16只）,对照组饲喂小麦型基础饲粮,试验组在小麦型基础饲粮中分别添加4 U/g中性木聚糖酶、2和4 U/g酸性木聚糖酶,试验期42 d。结果显示：1）相比中性木聚糖酶,酸性木聚糖酶对肉鸡胃肠液有更好的耐受性。2）在pH 3.5条件下,酸性木聚糖酶的相对活性比中性木聚糖酶高64.1%。3）对于高黏（黑麦）阿拉伯木聚糖,相比中性木聚糖酶,酸性木聚糖酶的降黏效果提升了42.9%。4）在小麦型饲粮中添加木聚糖酶提高了肉鸡的生长性能,其中4 U/g酸性木聚糖酶对生长性能的提高效果优于4 U/g中性木聚糖酶。5）对于饲喂小麦型饲粮的肉鸡,4 U/g酸性木聚糖酶组粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比2 U/g酸性木聚糖酶组、4 U/g中性木聚糖酶组和对照组提高了3.5%(P<0.05)、7.4%(P&l...     

小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验在小麦型基础日粮中分别添加木聚糖酶0、50、100、150、200g/t饲料(5000U/g酶)饲喂12日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,观察木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能影响不显著(P0.05),单位增重饲料成本以添加量50 g/t(即每1 kg饲料含250 U木聚糖酶)的有效含量为佳。     

木聚糖酶的作用机理及在畜禽饲料中的应用

以猪、鸡为代表的单胃动物的饲料原料中主要以谷物为主,谷物籽实中除了含有大量的营养物质之外还含有大量的抗营养因子。其中的一类抗营养因子就是阿拉伯木聚糖,简称木聚糖,是一类非淀粉多糖(NSP),分为可溶性的和不可溶性的。木聚糖的存在降低了营养物质的吸收和利用。其中可溶性的木聚糖主要是增加肠道内容物的粘度影响营养物质的吸收,而不可溶性的木聚糖是通过木聚糖的类细胞壁的“笼蔽效应”影响营养物质的吸收。     

小麦型日粮中添加限制性酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响

文章旨在研究小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡800只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只。共开展两个试验,试验1共5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～28 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶21～28 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶14～28 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶7～28 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～28 d);试验2同样5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～36 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶27～36 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶18～36 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶9～36 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～36 d)。结果显示:1～28 d肉鸡饲喂添加木聚糖日粮较未添加组和21～28 d显著提高了肉鸡的末重(P <0.05);与对照组相比,各处理组在15～21 d,22～28 d和1～28 d料重比均表现为显著降低(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组(无酶)或27～36 d组显著提高了肉鸡末重(P <0.05);试验期间(1～36 d)添加木聚糖酶较对照组和27～36 d添加木聚糖酶组显著降低了料重比(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组显著降低了回肠内容物黏度(P <0.05)。结论 :在小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶可以有效促进肉鸡生长后期的生长,而整个试验期不需要一直添加木聚糖酶。     

木聚糖酶在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用

本文就木聚糖酶的来源、理化性质及其在肉仔鸡生产中的应用作一综述。     

Evaluation of xylanase in low-energy broiler diets

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a thermo-tolerant xylanase in low-energy broiler diets on performance and processing parameters. Evaluation criteria included average broiler BW, FCR, livability, carcass yield, and fat pad yields. The experimental design consisted of 3 nutrient profiles: positive control, negative control 1 (−66 kcal/kg), and negative control 2 (−132 kcal/kg). Two xylanase inclusion programs were included in the negative control 1 and 2 diets; 60 g/t was included in the starter and grower diets with either 60 or 100 g/t in the finisher and withdrawal diets, yielding a total of 7 treatment groups with 8 replicate pens per treatment each containing 42-d-old straight-run chicks per treatment (2,352 total broilers). Broilers were reared in floor pens through 45 d of age. The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases: starter (1–15 d), grower 1 (16–23 d), grower 2 (24–31 d), finisher (32–38 d), and withdrawal (39–45 d). Body weights and feed consumption were determined on days of dietary changes, including d 15, 23, 31, 38, and 45. On d 45, 4 male and 4 female broilers per replicate (448 total) were subjected to an 8-h feed withdrawal period and processed to obtain carcass and fat pad weights. Reducing the dietary energy level increased FCR and decreased the fat pad weight of broilers in the negative control 2 treatment compared with the positive control. Inclusion of xylanase during the starter phase increased d 15 BW and reduced FCR. The inclusion of xylanase continued to reduce FCR throughout the trial, as compared with diets without xylanase inclusion. Within this study, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of xylanase inclusion in reduced-energy diets (−66 and −132 kcal/kg) to improve FCR of broilers to that of broilers fed energy-adequate diets.     

小麦型日粮添加木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、回肠氨基酸表观消化率及常量元素沉积的影响

本文旨在研究小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、回肠氨基酸表观消化率及矿物元素沉积的影响。试验选择1日龄科宝白羽肉仔鸡850只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复34只鸡。一共有5种日粮,即低磷日粮、高磷日粮、低磷日粮+2000 IU/kg木聚糖酶、低磷日粮+500 FTU/kg植酸酶,低磷日粮+2000 IU/kg木聚糖酶+500 FTU/kg植酸酶,试验进行21 d。低磷组较高磷组显著降低了肉鸡的日增重、日采食量及趾骨灰分含量(P <0.05),与低磷组相比,木聚糖酶组显著降低了肉鸡的料比(P <0.05),而植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡日增重、日采食量、趾骨灰分及饲料利用率(P <0.05)。复合酶组显著提高了15种氨基酸回肠表观消化率(P <0.05)。与低磷组相比,木聚糖酶组显著提高了表观消化能和可消化代谢能及回肠氮消化率(P <0.05),而植酸酶显著提高了氮沉积及回肠氮消化率(P <0.05),复合酶组显著提高了代谢能、可消化代谢能及氮沉积量(P <0.05)。植酸酶和复合酶组较高磷组显著提高了磷表观消化率和沉积量(P <0.05),但低磷组较高磷组显著提高了钙的表观消化率(P <0.05),植酸酶酶和复合酶组较其他3组显著提高了钾的沉积量(P <0.05)。结论 :小麦型日粮同时添加植酸酶和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长和消化的影响要优于单独添加这两种酶。     

木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

768羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每个处理分8个重复,每个重复16羽肉仔鸡(公母各半)。6个处理分别为玉米-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶0和1000IU/kg处理组,小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶0,500,1000和1500IU/kg处理组。试验采用4层立体网上养殖(使用上面3层),饲养周期为1～6周龄(前期和中期)。研究玉米和小麦基础日粮中单独使用木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加1000IU/kg的木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡前期和后期的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但有改善的趋势;小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶提高了肉仔鸡的采食量,改善了肉仔鸡的饲料转化效率(P<0.05);小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中3个木聚糖酶添加水平之间对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响,同样对肠道食糜黏度无影响,提示在本研究条件下500IU/kg木聚糖酶能满足分解木聚糖的需要;尽管小麦-玉米-豆粕型添加木聚糖酶改善了动物生产性能,但仍显著低于玉米-豆粕型日粮,提示在生产实践中单独添加一种酶的作用是有限的。     

玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响

试验选用270羽1日龄艾维茵健康肉仔鸡,随机分成3组,研究了玉米-豆粕型日粮条件下添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加25g/t和50g/t的木聚糖酶可提高肉鸡的日增重,降低料重比;提高胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶酶活力,同时亦显著提高了肉鸡的生产效益。     

Evaluation of a thermotolerant xylanase on broiler growth performance and dietary ileal digestible energy value

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of a thermotolerant xylanase on male broiler performance and dietary ileal digestible energy (IDE). The first experiment consisted of 3 treatment groups with 12 replications per treatment each containing 35 Cobb 500 males for a total of 1,260 broilers placed in floor pens for a 42 d grow-out. The experiment treatments included a corn/soy diet with DDGS control formulated at a low energy level, and the control supplemented with one of 2 concentrations of xylanase (20,000 XU/kg [XYL20] and 40,000 XU/kg [XYL40]). No significant differences in body weight were observed with the inclusion of xylanase when compared to the control diet throughout the experiment. At d 28, the inclusion of XYL20 improved (P < 0.05) mortality corrected feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control diet. Feed conversion ratio was also improved (P < 0.01) at d 42 for birds fed XYL20 when compared to the control. At d 42, inclusion of XYL20 and XYL40 significantly (P < 0.05) increased IDE compared to the control. Experiment 2 consisted of 4 treatment groups with 10 replications per treatment each containing 44 Cobb 500 males for a total of 1,760 broilers placed in floor pens for a 41 d grow-out. The dietary treatments included a positive control (PC) based on a corn/soy diet containing DDGS and phytase, a negative control (NC) diet (PC -150 kcal/kg in AME), NC + xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg (XYL10), and NC + xylanase at 20,000 XU/kg (XYL20). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in BW was observed in broilers fed the inclusion of XYL20 in the NC diet increased (P < 0.05) on d 14. A significant increase in cumulative body weight gain was observed on d 27 and d 41 with xylanase (XYL20) inclusion compared to the NC. These data demonstrate that xylanase inclusion increased energy utilization through improvements in IDE, which improved broiler performance.     

木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响

主要研究了小麦基础口粮添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道微生物的影响.将120只7日龄肉仔鸡分成2组,日粮分别添加0,0.1%木聚糖酶,饲喂至21日龄,研究木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠道菌群数量变化的影响.结果表明,加酶未使同肠和盲肠乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量发生显著变化.利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术研究了木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡后肠细菌群体的影响.结果表明,加酶组回肠和盲肠的图谱比对照组条带相对较多,但差异不显著;组内个体间的图谱相似性比组问的相似性相对较大.木聚糖酶影响肉仔鸡后肠微生物数量和种群的作用效果不明显.     

Thermostable xylanase derived from Trichoderma citrinoviride increases growth performance and non-starch polysaccharide degradation in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal supplementation level of a xylanase enzyme from Trichoderma citrinoviride on growth performance, apparent ileal and total tract nutrient retention, intestinal morphology, and intestinal concentration of volatile fatty acids in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 600 broiler chickens (Ross 308) of mixed sex were randomly allotted to four treatments, on the basis of similar body weight. The dietary treatments were made from a corn-wheat-soy based diet supplemented with either 0, 3750, 7500, or 11 250 XU/kg xylanase and were fed to 32 d of age.

3. A linear response to increasing dietary xylanase was demonstrated for overall weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, and the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CIAD) of N and soluble non-starch polysaccharides were linearly improved when xylanase was added to the diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, a linear increase (P < 0.05) was observed in the CIAD of Arg, Lys, and Try with increasing dietary levels of xylanase.

4. The viscosity of digesta in ileum was linearly decreased when dietary xylanase level increased (P < 0.05).

5. An increase in villus height of the duodenum and jejunum were observed with increasing dietary levels of xylanase (linear, P < 0.05).

6. Overall, the results showed that the effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on broiler performance was determined through effects on nutrient availability and intestinal morphology.