赣南某些作物中稀土元素地球化学特征

对赣南地区(我国稀土元素高背景区)烟、茶、柿、枣典型产地植物样品(叶、果)和土壤样品中的稀土元素进行了采样测试分析研究。结果表明,植物稀土含量具有烟叶>枣叶>柿叶>茶叶>枣果>柿果的特点,这除了与产地土壤稀土丰度有一定关系外,主要受各种作物对稀土的吸收富集强度控制;同时,植物对稀土的吸收过程引起了稀土的分馏作用,在烟、枣、柿的叶片中轻、中稀土得到分馏富集,而茶叶呈现弱的重稀土分馏富集;稀土元素Ho表现出相对强的植物生理活动性。     

The apollo 15 lunar samples: a preliminary description

Samples returned from the Apollo 15 site consist of mare basalts and breccias with a variety of premare igneous rocks. The mare basalts are from at least two different lava flows. The bulk chemical compositions and textures of these rocks confirm the previous conclusion that the lunar maria consist of a series of extrusive volcanic rocks that are rich in iron and poor in sodium. The breccias contain abundant clasts of anorthositic fragments along with clasts of basaltic rocks much richer in plagioclase than the mare basalts. These two rock types also occur as common components in soil samples from this site. The rocks and soils from both the front and mare region exhibit a variety of shock characteristics that can best be ascribed to ray material from the craters Aristillus or Autolycus.     

酸雨和有机配体(EDTA)对已污染红壤中稀土元素释放的研究

选用不同污染程度的红壤,采用化学成分模拟自然雨水,加入有机配体(EDTA),并调节pH值(5.6、4.0、3.0),作为萃取剂,研究了酸雨和有机配体(EDTA)对已污染红壤中稀土元素释放的影响。结果表明,相同pH值下,萃取率随着EDTA的浓度升高而升高;EDTA浓度一定时,随着萃取溶液的pH值降低,萃取率降低。在相同条件下,萃取率大小的顺序为Nd>Pr>Ce>La,与EDTA及4种稀土元素的条件络合常数大小顺序相同。     

Samarium-neodymium direct dating of fluorite mineralization

The direct dating of many styles of hydrothermal mineralization has proved difficult, limiting understanding of the geological processes that lead to crustal fluid flow and the formation of major ore deposits. The hydrothermal mineral fluorite (CaF(2)) displays large variations in rare earth element (REE) abundance and samarium/neodymium ratios within a single vein. Samarium-neodymium dating of fluorite from the classic granite-hosted tin deposits of southwest England demonstrates its use as a precise chronometer of mineralization. The concentrations of light rare earth elements (LREEs) in the fluorites are highly variable and suggest the coeval precipitation of an LREE-rich phase as the most likely cause of the extreme variation in samarium/neodymium ratios.     

不同成因型母质发育土壤稀土元素的地球化学特征分析

分析了 1 7种母质发育土壤的稀土元素 (REE)的地球化学特征 ,结果表明 :(1 )基性岩浆岩母质发育土壤的稀土总丰度最高 ,红砂岩者最低 ;(2 )岩浆岩和喷出岩者的 REE科勃尔分布模式仍表现出母岩特征 ,沉积型者则相对平稳 ,但海相沉积型者变异显著 ;(3 )各类母质发育者∑ Ce/∑Y特征值达 3 .5 -4.7,∑ Ce与∑ Y分馏特征明显 ;(4 )砂页岩等 4种母质者δCe正异常 ,火山喷出岩等 3种母质者 δCe相对稳定 ,酸性岩浆岩等 1 0种母质者 δCe负异常 ;紫砂岩母质者 δEu正异常 ,页岩等 3种母质者δEu相对稳定 ,基性岩浆岩等 1 3种母质者 δEu负异常 ;(5 )逐步回归分析表明 ,∑ REE与 Ce、Sm、Dy、Lu,∑ Ce与 Pr、Sm,∑ Y与 Dy、Lu相关显著 ;(6)双重筛选逐步回归分析表明 ,∑ REE、∑ Ce与土壤 Fe2 O3相关极显著 ,∑ Y与土壤 p H值、粉砂粒、物理性粘粒相关显著 ;(7)通过 REE动态聚类分析 ,不同母质土壤可划分为基于岩性背景的三大类     

Effect of rare earth application on the growth of Trichoderma spp. and several plant pathogenic fungi

Rare earth elements (REEs) enriched fertilisers are currently used in China for soil and foliar applications to crops, but little is known about the effect of REEs applications on the growth of beneficial and detrimental soilborne microorganisms. The growth of biological control agents Trichoderma atroviride strain P1, Trichoderma harzianum strain A6 and strain T22, plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia scleroti…     

黄河包头段柱状沉积物中稀土元素的分布特征

采用室外现场采样及室内分析方法，研究了黄河包头段柱状沉积物中稀土元素的分布特征。结果表明，黄河包头段干流及支流柱状沉积物均以富集轻稀土元素为特征，分布模式的相近以及轻稀土元素的富集共同反映了干流与支流轻稀土元素的继承性和同源性。干流柱状沉积物中轻稀土元素的含量及非稳定态轻稀土元素的形态分布变化趋势均揭示，来自包头市工业废水的外源轻稀土元素对黄河包头段干流的叠加有递减之势。碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态同时是干流和支流柱状沉积物中非稳定态稀土元素的主导形态，干流与支流非稳定态稀土元素形态分布的主要差异表现在支流中稀土元素的可交换态和有机质结合态均明显高于干流。支流柱状沉积物中稀土元素的形态分布及含量仍然表明，其中的稀土，特别是轻稀土元素对黄河包头段干流具有一定的潜在叠加性。     

The crystallization age of eucrite zircon

Eucrites are a group of meteorites that represent the first planetary igneous activity following metal-silicate differentiation on an early planetesimal, similar to Asteroid 4 Vesta, and, thus, help date geophysical processes occurring on such bodies in the early solar system. Using the short-lived radionuclide (182)Hf as a relative chronometer, we demonstrate that eucrite zircon crystallized quickly within 6.8 million years of metal-silicate differentiation. This implies that mantle differentiation on the eucrite parent body occurred during a period when internal heat from the decay of (26)Al and (60)Fe was still available. Later metamorphism of eucrites took place at least 8.9 million years after the zircons crystallized and was likely caused by heating from impacts, or by burial under hot material excavated by impacts, rather than from lava flows. Thus, the timing of eucrite formation and of mantle differentiation is constrained.     

Chondrules with peculiar REE patterns: implications for solar nebular condensation at high C/O

Rare earth element (REE) data from two ordinary chondrite chondrules show distinct negative chondrite-normalized concentration anomalies of samarium, europium, and ytterbium. The peculiar patterns may be the result of REE gas/solid fractionation at an oxygen fugacity lower than has been assumed for the canonical solar nebula. We suggest that the two ordinary chondrite chondrules acquired the fractionated REE patterns by incorporation of highly reduced, ultrarefractory condensates in their precursors. This interpretation implies that high-temperature condensation processes occurred in nebular environments with a strong deficit in oxygen, such as regions with an enhanced carbon/oxygen ratio.     

Lunar rock compositions and some interpretations

Samples of igneous "gabbro," "basalt," and lunar regolith have compositions fundamentally different from all meteorites and terrestrial basalts. The lunar rocks are anhydrous and without ferric iron. Amounts of titanium as high as 7 weight percent suggest either extreme fractionation of lunar rocks or an unexpected solar abundance of titanium. The differences in compositions of the known, more "primitive" rocks in the planetary system indicate the complexities inherent in defining the solar abundances of elemizents and the initial compositions of the earth and moon.     

红壤性水稻土稀土组分与土壤特性物质的关系

测定了具有代表性的 3种水育型 4种母质发育的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的稀土体系 [稀土元素总丰度 (∑ REE)、轻稀土丰度 (∑ LREE)、重稀土丰度 (∑HREE) ]、土壤颗粒组成、有机质体系、铁氧化物体系主要组分和土壤 p H值 ,并分析了 REE体系与这些土壤特性物质的相关性 .结果表明 :(1 )土壤 ∑REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤砂粒含量呈显著负相关 ,与粘粒含量呈显著正相关 ;∑LREE对 ∑REE消长变异的影响大于∑ HREE.(2 )土壤∑ REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤腐殖质及富里酸含量呈显著正相关 ,与胡敏酸含量相关性不显著 .(3 )土壤∑ REE与土壤全铁 (Fet)呈极显著正相关 ,∑REE及 ∑LREE均与晶质铁 (Fec)相关性强 .(4 )土壤酸度对∑ REE、∑ LREE、∑ HREE的影响不显著     

A Review of REE Tracer Method Used in Soil Erosion Studies

Rare earth elements （REEs） have been proved ideal tracers for soil erosion and aggregation. REE tracer method （REETM） used to study soil erosion, as a new technique, has been developed in recent 20 yr. It is able to quantitatively monitor the temporal and spatial variation of erosion intensity, compared with traditional approaches. The applications of REETM in studying of sediment differentiation law, erosion process evolution, determination of sediment sources and sedimentation investigations, and determination of prediction parameters, were reviewed. Some application limitations were summarized.     

Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present

Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.     

稀土元素在土壤环境和植物中的分布

通过模拟块地试验，初步研究了外源稀土元素在土壤环境（径流、土壤水溶液和表层土壤）和小麦中的浓度分布。试验发现，各样品中的稀土元素分布模式均与土壤的相近，土壤中稀土元素的含量和分布影响其它样品中稀土元素的含量和分布；土壤环境样品和小麦样品中的稀土元素浓度随稀土施用量的提高而有不同程度的增加，这些样品中的稀土元素的浓度与稀土的施加量存在一定的剂量关系。     

稀土元素处理对提高冬小麦产量的生理分析

1981年以来,我们利用稀土元素拌种或叶面喷施处理冬小麦京旺五号,一般可增产10—15%,其原因是对构成产量的三个基本要素产生良好影响,处理的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别比对照增加7.74%、19%和1.542克。试验表明,产量构成因素的改进,主要是与稀土处理后,促进了种子萌发和幼苗生长,提前进入小穗分化;显著的改善了光合性能;加快了灌浆前期物质向籽粒运送的速度,灌浆过程单粒日增重比对照多0.05mg;提高了植株分蘖节的含糖量和植株在低温胁迫下的抵御能力等代谢和生长发育过程有关。     

Early Archaean microorganisms preferred elemental sulfur, not sulfate

Microscopic sulfides with low 34S/32S ratios in marine sulfate deposits from the 3490-million-year old Dresser Formation, Australia, have been interpreted as evidence for the presence of early sulfate-reducing organisms on Earth. We show that these microscopic sulfides have a mass-independently fractionated sulfur isotopic anomaly (Delta33S) that differs from that of their host sulfate (barite). These microscopic sulfides could not have been produced by sulfate-reducing microbes, nor by abiologic processes that involve reduction of sulfate. Instead, we interpret the combined negative delta34S and positive Delta33S signature of these microscopic sulfides as evidence for the early existence of organisms that disproportionate elemental sulfur.     

外源稀土对根际稀土和重金属地球化学行为的影响

利用根箱装置并运用ICP—AES分析技术，通过添加外源稀土研究了土壤中不同稀土含量下稀土元素La、ce、Nd、Pr和Y以及重金属元素Fe、Mn、Zn在油菜根际的动态迁移过程，并结合根际pH及油菜根系稀土和Fe、Mn、zn含量的变化，探讨了外源稀土对根际稀土和重金属地球化学行为的影响。结果表明，随稀土处理浓度的升高和培养时间的延长，稀土和Fe、Mn、zn离子在根一土界面趋于累积，高浓度稀土处理累积显著，同时根际pH出现降低；根际影响范围稀土仅2mm，Fe、Mn、zn达到6mm。油菜根系稀土含量随稀土处理浓度的升高而升高，Fe、Mn、zn的含量变化相反。分析表明，在研究农用稀土在土壤一植物系统中的环境效应时，根际效应不容忽视。     

福建省几种典型红壤性水稻土稀土含量的研究——Ⅱ.稀土与土壤成分的相关分析

对供试土壤的稀土总量(Σ REE),轻稀土含量(Σ LREE)和重稀土含量(Σ HREE)与土壤颗粒组成、有机质含量、腐殖质组成及不同形态氧化铁含量之间的相关关系进行了统计分析.结果表明:(1)ΣREE、Σ LREE 与土壤粘粒,有机质、腐殖质及组成,Fe_t,Fe_d,Fe_(d_o),Fe_(t-d)之间均呈极显著相关;(2)Σ HREE 与上述物质的相关均不显著.     

Water on Mars: Clues from Deuterium/Hydrogen and Water Contents of Hydrous Phases in SNC Meteorites

Ion microprobe studies of hydrous amphibole, biotite, and apatite in shergottite-nakhlite-chassignite (SNC) meteorites, probable igneous rocks from Mars, indicate high deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratios relative to terrestrial values. The amphiboles contain roughly one-tentn as much water as expected, suggesting that SNC magmas were less hydrous than previously proposed. The high but variable D/H values of these minerals are best explained by postcrystallization D enrichment of initially D-poor phases by martian crustal fluids with near atmospheric D/H (about five times the terrestrial value). These igneous phases do not directly reflect the D/H ratios of martian "magmatic" water but provide evidence for a D-enriched martian crustal water reservoir.     

影响脐橙品质的稀土主成分分析

通过对影响脐橙品质的稀土进行主成分分析,结果表明,脐橙品质与稀土元素均有密切的关系(主成分分析贡献率达到74.9%),其中与轻稀土元素、Y元素有着更密切的关系。脐橙种植过程中,应全面施用稀土微肥,在所有稀土元素不可缺少的前提下,增加轻稀土元素与Y元素的含量比例,更有利于促进脐橙的生长与品质的提高。