南海西北部蓝圆鲹时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)是中国东南近海重要的经济鱼类之一。本研究根据2012—2018年南海西北部捕捞产量数据和海洋环境遥感数据,分析了该海域蓝圆鲹季节平均单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)的时空分布特征,并运用广义可加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)探究了CPUE与环境因子的关系。结果显示,蓝圆鲹的CPUE具有明显的季节性：夏季最高,CPUE达0.848 kg/(kW?d);冬季最低,CPUE为0.087 kg/(kW?d)。2016年CPUE的异常增加可能是受到2015—2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件的影响。GAM分析显示,该海域蓝圆鲹CPUE与经度、海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a) 浓度、海水深度、海表盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)、涌浪波向、风浪波向及其周期显著相关。相对较高CPUE海域范围为110.5°~114°E,SST为26~30℃,Chl-a为0.2~1.0 mg/m3,海水深度<120 m,SSS为33.4~33.8,涌浪波向为75°~120°、150°~175°,风浪波向为50°~75°、120°~135°、175°~190°,风浪周期为3.0~4.5 s;其中,风浪波向对CPUE贡献最高,涌浪波向其次,然后是SST。南海西北部蓝圆鲹的资源丰度变化和其洄游特性与季风变化等引起的环境因子的变动有关。     

Age, growth, and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in the waters off west Kyushu, northern East China Sea

The growth and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus collected in the waters off western Kyushu from May 2008 to April 2011 were determined based on scale and otolith readings and gonad histological examinations, respectively. Based on annual increments in scales and daily increments in sagittal otoliths, the von Bertalanffy growth curves in male and females were determined as $ FL_{t} = 1049[1 - \exp \{ - 0.835(t + 6.975 \times 10^{ - 14} )\} ] $ and $ FL_{t} = 938[1 - \exp \{ - 1.029(t + 6.975 \times 10^{ - 14} )\} ] $ , respectively, where FL _t is the mean fork length (mm) at age t. The spawning period was found to last from June to August for dolphinfish, based on an examination of the monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index and histological observations. Therefore, based on the relationship between the fork length and the developmental stage of the testes or ovaries, male and female dolphinfish were found to reach sexual maturity by the following spawning season after hatching in the northern East China Sea.     

Tweedie-GAM探究浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹资源分布及与环境因子的关系

本研究根据2015―2020年浙江南部近海水域渔业资源数据,利用Tweedie-GAM研究了春季、夏季、秋季3个季节蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)的分布特征及其与海洋环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,蓝圆鲹在不同季节的空间分布存在显著差异,在春季主要集中在沿岸水域,在夏季主要集中在浙江南部近海的南、北两侧,呈现“两边高、中间低”的分布格局,秋季主要集中在研究海域的向海一侧水域。蓝圆鲹在不同季节的关键环境因子存在一定差异。春季,在19.5~25.0 ℃范围内,资源密度随海水温度的升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在22.7 ℃达到峰值。夏季,分别在海水温度28.0 ℃和30.3 ℃取得高峰值和低值,同时,盐度为32.3时资源密度达到最大值。秋季,资源密度随着盐度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,在盐度29.8处取得最小值;资源密度和水深之间存在非线性关系,总体呈先增加后基本稳定的趋势。本研究揭示了蓝圆鲹的时空分布特征及与环境因子之间的关系,为浙江南部近海蓝圆鲹的养护管理与可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

蓝圆鲹肌肉中营养成分分析与评价

为了测定蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)肌肉中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统的分析及合理的评价,采用国家标准生化测定方法检测蓝圆鲹肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示,蓝圆鲹肌肉中水分含量为75.00%,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪及粗灰分的干重含量分别为79.52%、9.88%和4.16%;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量为75.24%(干重),必需氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的30.08%,谷氨酸含量最高(11.40%),主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数EAAI为83.32;共检出17种脂肪酸,棕榈酸含量最高(2.60%),EPA+DHA含量为2.20%;富含磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)等矿物质元素,常量元素中磷的含量最高(2 193.99 mg/kg),微量元素中铁的含量最高(22.25 mg/kg)。研究表明,蓝圆鲹是高蛋白低脂肪、营养价值及经济价值均较高的优质海洋经济鱼类,具有较好的综合开发利用价值。     

东、黄海鲐鯵鱼渔场与海洋环境关系的研究

根据2000～2004年7～12月东、黄海鲐碜鱼生产统计以及表层温度和盐度数据,利用地理信息系统软件和数理统计方法,对鲐碜鱼产量分布及作业渔场与表层温度、盐度的关系进行分析。结果表明,鲐碜鱼高产（20000区域主要在122～125°E、26～28°N和123～125°E、32～38°N之间的海域。整个渔场的产量分布呈南部和北部高而中部低的态势。南北渔场汛期差异明显,南部渔场高产期集中在8～9月份,北部渔场高产期集中在10～11月份,且北部渔场高产期的产量比南部渔场高出22．7％。鲐碜鱼适温范围为9．5～29．5℃,最适范围为28．5～29．5℃;适盐范围为30．9～34．4,最适范围为32．8～34．2。经非参数统计K—S检验结果是可信的。     

黄、东海鲐鲹鱼渔场环境分析

本文利用围网作来资料、卫星遥感图像以及东、黄海海况速报资料,通过研究海水的温度、冷暖水系分布态势、流隔、涡漩与锋面的稳定程度、冷水块范围大小、冷暖推进的速度等,分析海况变化与黄、东海鲐鲹鱼的中心渔场的关系,并预测其变化趋势。     

东海南部鲐鱼生物学特性的初步研究

本文对东海南部的鲐鲹鱼类的叉长、体重及性腺成熟度等进行了初步分析,认为1999年5月份东海南部鲐鱼优势叉长组为26～28cm,优势体重组为200～300g;7、8月份优势叉长组为24～26cm,优势体重组为100～200g。蓝圆鲹优势叉长组为20～21cm。2000年7、8月份鲐鱼优势叉长组为24～26cm。1999年鲐鱼叉长组成基本呈正态分布,2000年鲐鱼叉长组成明显存在两个峰值。2000年相同叉长的鲐鱼体重要略低于1999年,认为跟1999年、2000年海洋环境因子变化有关。从相关系数来看,2000年的曲线更贴近实际情况。并认为5月份北上参加产卵洄游的鲐鱼群体、其性腺已开始发育成熟,并沿途产卵。     

配合饲料与蓝圆鲹饲养点带石斑鱼对水体中氮、磷含量的影响

分别以配合饲料与蓝圆鲹饲养点带石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioides）,观察其对养殖水体中氮、磷含量变化的影响。点带石斑鱼摄食后水体中的氨氮（NH3-N）、亚硝酸氮（NO2-N）、总磷（TP）含量随着其摄食后时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势,NH3-N含量在鱼摄食后10-14h内达到高峰,NO2-N、TP含量在鱼摄食后14～18h达到高峰。试验组水体中的NH3N含量、NO2-N含量在排泄高峰期低于对照组（P〈0．01）,1TP含量在排泄高峰期也低于对照组（P〈0．05）。     

南海北部近海蓝圆鲹渔业生物学特征研究

为加深对南海北部蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)种群的结构特征认识,根据2014—2017年南海北部底拖网调查中蓝圆鲹的生物学数据,对该区域内蓝圆鲹群体的体长与体质量、性腺成熟度、摄食等级等生物学特征的组成与季节变化进行初步研究.结果显示,南海北部蓝圆鲹体长范围78～248 mm,平均体长146 mm,...     

Age validation,growth and annual reproductive cycle of chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> off the waters of northern Kyushu and in the East China Sea

The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1–5 years for males and 1–6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female. The model was obtained as FL _t=406×{1−exp[−0.372×(t+1.68)]     

东海黄姑鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

根据2004年2~4月在舟山沈家门市场采集的117ind黄姑鱼样品,对黄姑鱼的年龄与生长进行了初步研究。结果表明:①目前舟山渔场渔获物中黄姑鱼年龄组成主要以1~2龄的低龄组为主,主要体长在161~263mm之间,主要体重在175.3~354.8g之间;②黄姑鱼体长与体重的关系为:W=1.633×10-5L3.0357;③体长和体重的生长方程分别为:Lt=529.5[1-e-0.262(t-0.281)]和Wt=2597.4[1-e-0.262(t-0.281)]2.4164;④体长生长速度方程为:dL/dt=138.729e-0.262(t-0.281),体重生长速度方程为:dW/dt=1644.4056e-0.262(t-0.281)×[1-e-0.262(t-0.281)]1.4164,生长加速度方程分别为:d2L/dt2=-36.3470e-0.262(t-0.281)和d2W/dt2=430.8343e-0.262(t-0.281)×[1-e-0.262(t-0.281)]0.4164×[2.4164e-0.262(t-0.281)-1]。     

东海带鱼年龄与生长的研究

本文利用2002年12月～2004年8月在东海中北部(27°～34°N、126°E以西)所获取的带鱼渔获样品,共采集788ind,每月对带鱼矢耳石生长轮计测和带鱼样品基础生物学测定,研究带鱼年龄与生长之间的关系。结果表明,目前东海群系带鱼呈现出较以往任何时期低龄化和生长加快的渔业生物学特征;体重与肛长的关系性别间无明显差异;该群系的生长其性别间无显著差异,雌雄合并估算的vonBertalanffy生长参数L∞=493.3mm,K=0.346/yr,t0=-0.387yr。     

东海凹管鞭虾的渔业生物学特性

根据1986-1990年和1997-2001年东海虾类资源调查及近年来监测调查的资料,对凹管鞭虾的渔业生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,东海凹管鞭虾平均渔获率为562.3g.h-1,秋季最高达到1283.8g.h-1,主要分布在60m水深以东外海,盐度34以上,水温12~24℃海域,为高温高盐性虾类。雌虾周年平均体长和平均体重分别为76.0mm和7.0g;雄虾为72.8mm和5.5g,最大值出现在6-9月,最小值在2-4月。繁殖期在6-11月,高峰期在8-9月。周年出现两次快速生长期,第一次在8-11月,相对增长率雌虾为12.9%~11.2%,雄虾为7.9%~5.9%;第二次在翌年4-6月,雌、雄虾相对增长率为22.4%~13.4%和14.8%~14.1%。周年雌虾略多于雄虾,性比为1∶0.99。周年都摄食,摄食等级以1、2级为主,以夏季摄食量最高。     

长江口凤鲚繁殖群体的年龄结构和生长特性

2014年4~8月于凤鲚(Coilia mystus)繁殖盛期在长江口逐月采样,对凤鲚繁殖群体的雌性个体的年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。年龄结构为1~3龄,共3个年龄组,其中1~2龄个体占87.06%。繁殖群体的平均体长和体质量分别为(151.66±21.13)mm、(16.97±6.34)g。体长与体质量关系为W=1.63×10~(-5)L~(2.75)(n=124,R~2=0.935 3),显著性差异检验表明凤鲚属于匀速生长类型(P0.05)。体长和体质量von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:L_t=205.85[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02)(],W_t=38.31[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02))]2.75。体长生长速度曲线不具拐点;体质量生长速度的拐点年龄为1.11龄,与最小性成熟年龄一致,拐点年龄时对应的体长和体质量分别为131.02 mm和11.05 g。研究认为,长江口凤鲚繁殖群体低龄群体所占比例较大且体型有变小趋势。为更好地利用和保护凤鲚资源,应在拐点年龄之后进行捕捞。     

Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes in the coastal waters of western Hokkaido, Japan

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes collected from the coastal waters of western Hokkaido were studied. Observation of the otolith margin verified that annuli (outer margins of the opaque zone) were produced chiefly from July to August. This period was associated with parturition and the birth season. The maximum age estimated by the surface method was 12 years but the oldest fish was aged at 35 years by the cross-section method. The surface method was inadequate for aging of S. vulpes older than 6 years because of the underestimation of age. No significant difference was found in the parameters of the growth equations between both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth curve combined for both sexes was as follows: SL _t  = 358.6(1 − exp^{−0.156( t +0.820)}), where SL _t is standard length (mm) at age t (after parturition in years). It seems likely that S. vulpes grows slowly and lives longer than previously thought.     

Age, growth, and reproduction of silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis, in northeastern Taiwan waters

To examine the age, growth and reproduction of silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis, in the waters off northeastern Taiwan, 469 specimens (213 females and 256 males) were collected from August 2000 to January 2002 at the Nanfanao fish market, northeastern Taiwan. The relationship between body weight (W) and total length (TL) for both sexes combined was expressed as: W = 2.92 × 10⁻⁶ TL^3.15 (n = 469, p < 0.01). The relationship between TL and vertebral centrum radius (R) for both sexes combined data was estimated as: TL = 25.979 + 18.197R (n = 250, p < 0.01). Growth bands (including translucent and opaque zones) in precaudal vertebrae formed once a year between December and January and were counted up to 11 and 14 for females and males, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was used to model the observed length at age data. The sexes combined VBGF predicted an asymptotic length (L_∞) = 332.0 cm TL, growth coefficient (k) = 0.0838 year⁻¹, age at zero length (t₀) = −2.761 year (n = 250, p < 0.01). Size at 50% maturity for males was estimated to be 212.5 cm based on the logistic curve, which corresponded to 9.3 years. Females matured at 210–220 cm, which correspond to 9.2–10.2 years. The length at birth was estimated to be 63.5–75.5 cm TL. The number of embryos per litter was 8–10 and sex ratio of embryos was 1:1.     

中国南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石微结构及生长特性

为了解鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成特征,根据2017年3—5月我国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海南沙群岛海域采集的1 002尾鸢乌贼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析了17枚鸢乌贼耳石微量元素的组成及分布。结果显示,南沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石主要由56种微量元素组成,含量最多的前10种元素依次为Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba和B。方差分析结果显示,不同性别间,前10种元素Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba、B的分布均无显著差异;不同孵化期的群体间Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba、B的分布也不存在显著差异,但不同耳石部位间Si、K、Fe无显著差异,而Ca、Sr、Na、P、Mg、Ba、B则存在显著差异。研究表明,不同的生境会导致鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成的不同,且在不同的生长阶段,鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成也存在差异,但不同性别鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成基本一致。本研究进一步证实了利用微量元素分布特性鉴定头足类种群和研究洄游路线的可行性。     

Freshwater reconditioning and ranching of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., kelts: growth and reproductive performance

Abstract Artificial reconditioning of Atlantic salmon in fresh water over two successive years produced kelt survival rates of 28% and 55% in years one and two, respectively. Eye damage and failure to identify non-feeders were important factors contributing to high mortalities. Average fecundities of kelts reconditioned for the first (1220 ova kg^-1) and second (1093 ova kg^-1) year were lower than obtained for virgin control fish (1590 and 1728 ova kg^-1 respectively). Average survival to swim-up for progeny of first-year (64.5%) and second-year (71.4%) reconditioned fish were similar to survival of virgin control fish progeny (72.3% and 68.9% respectively). Ranched kelts showed better growth parameters than for freshwater reconditioning but had lower average fecundities (1310 ova kg^-1 compared with 1820 ova kg^-1) and lower average progeny survival to swim-up (60.8% compared with 88.6%) than their control group.     

绰斯甲河大渡裸裂尻鱼的年龄与生长特性研究

以绰斯甲河流域大渡裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi)的微耳石和脊椎骨为年龄鉴定材料,对其进行了年龄鉴定,并比较了两种年龄鉴定材料的准确性,结果表明微耳石更适合于年龄鉴定.同时,以微耳石磨片为年龄鉴定和生长推算材料,对大渡裸裂尻鱼种群的生长特性进行了研究.结果显示:在相同年龄组内雌鱼个体显著大于雄鱼.雌、雄鱼体重与体长表现为异速生长:W♂ =0.0245×L2.7934,W♀=0.0213×L2.8593.Von Bertalanffy生长方程为雌鱼Lt=32.319×[1-e-0.087×(t+4.024)],Wt =439.165×[1-e-0.087(t+4.024)]2.859;雄鱼Lt=23.195×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)],Wt=169.3072×[1-e-0.213×(t-1.008)]2.7934.雌、雄鱼的生长拐点年龄分别为8.1龄和6.0龄,对应的雌鱼体长和体重为L=21.06 cm,W=129.12 g;对应的雄鱼的体长和体重为L=15.18 cm,W=51.85 g.