不同剂量PMSG及输精时间对梅花鹿发情率和受胎率的影响

为了提高梅花鹿人工输精受胎率，充分发挥良种优势，研究选择辽宁地区3个鹿场分别进行同期发情试验、常规(试情)输精试验和定时输精试验，每个鹿场均选择3～8岁、健康、营养状况良好、体型大小一致、繁殖机能正常的经产母鹿90只，随机分为3组，每组30只，其中同期发情试验分为同期组Ⅰ、同期组Ⅱ、同期组Ⅲ,常规(试情)输精试验分为常规组Ⅰ、常规组Ⅱ、常规组Ⅲ,定时输精试验分为定时组Ⅰ、定时组Ⅱ和定时组Ⅲ,通过同期发情试验(CIDR+PMSG方法)探究不同剂量PMSG对母鹿发情率、受胎率和双胎率的影响，通过常规(试情)输精和定时输精试验探究不同输精时间对母鹿受胎率和双胎率的影响。结果表明：在同期发情试验中，母鹿发情率的表现为同期组Ⅲ(86.67%)>同期组Ⅱ(73.33%)>同期组Ⅰ(46.67%),且同期组Ⅱ、Ⅲ的发情率显著高于同期组Ⅰ(P<0.05);受胎率的表现为同期组Ⅱ(81.82%)>同期组Ⅰ(78.57%)>同期组Ⅲ(11.54%),且同期组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的受胎率显著高于同期组Ⅲ(P<0.05);双胎率的表现为同期组Ⅱ(16.67%)>同期组Ⅰ(9.09%...     

CIDR和PMSG诱导东北梅花鹿同期发情的初步研究

应用阴道内孕酮释放装置 (CIDR)结合不同来源和不同剂量的PMSG处理 ,观察东北梅花鹿同期发情效果。 2 6只试验鹿分成 5组 ,将CIDR放置母鹿阴道内 15d后取出 ,肌注不同剂量 (10 0～ 5 0 0IU)孕马血清促性腺激素 ,放入带试情布的公鹿试情 ,持续观察 72h。结果表明 ,取出CIDR后试验鹿在 (33.3± 7.0 )h发情。其中含 10 0IUPMSG的“Folligon”处理的试验鹿同期发情率达 10 0 % ;国产PMSG处理的梅花鹿随着PMSG剂量的增加 ,发情率有增加的趋势 ,但各组间差异不显著 (χ2 检验P >0 .0 5 )。同时 ,不同剂量的PMSG处理没有显著影响CIDR取出后至发情时的平均时间长度。     

青年奶牛同期发情和同期排卵－定时输精试验

试验旨在研究同期发情和同期排卵－定时输精技术在青年奶牛中的应用。选择1046头澳大利亚进口荷斯坦青年奶牛,随机分为两组:一组自然发情人工授精配种(对照组);另一组采用前列腺素F_2α(PGF_2α)诱导母牛发情或按照同期排卵－定时输精程序(Ovsynch或Ovsynch+CIDR法)处理母牛后人工授精配种(试验组),统计同期发情率、不返情率、第一次人工授精妊娠率和21d妊娠率等繁殖指标。结果表明,试验组青年奶牛人工授精后不返情率和第一次人工授精妊娠率与对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但21d妊娠率显著高于对照组(53.1%和35.3%,P<0.05)。试验组中,1次PG法、间隔7d2次PG法和间隔11d2次PG法的同期发情率分别为76.1%、81.7%和84.6%,差异均不显著(P>0.05);同期排卵－定时输精组中,Ovsynch法(GPG)和Ovsynch+CIDR法(GPG+CIDR)的不返情率、第一次人工授精妊娠率和21d妊娠率间无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同输精人员可显著影响青年奶牛的第一次人工授精妊娠率(P<0.05),而不同公牛常规冷冻精液对青年奶牛第一次人工授精妊娠率无显著影响(P>0.05)。同期发情及同期排卵－定时输精技术可使青年奶牛集中发情,提高参配率,从而提高21d妊娠率,有效加快青年奶牛人工授精效率,降低饲养成本。     

青年奶牛同期发情和同期排卵-定时输精试验

试验旨在研究同期发情和同期排卵-定时输精技术在青年奶牛中的应用。选择1 046头澳大利亚进口荷斯坦青年奶牛,随机分为两组:一组自然发情人工授精配种(对照组);另一组采用前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)诱导母牛发情或按照同期排卵-定时输精程序(Ovsynch或Ovsynch+CIDR法)处理母牛后人工授精配种(试验组),统计同期发情率、不返情率、第一次人工授精妊娠率和21d妊娠率等繁殖指标。结果表明,试验组青年奶牛人工授精后不返情率和第一次人工授精妊娠率与对照组间无显著差异(P0.05),但21d妊娠率显著高于对照组(53.1%和35.3%,P0.05)。试验组中,1次PG法、间隔7d2次PG法和间隔11d2次PG法的同期发情率分别为76.1%、81.7%和84.6%,差异均不显著(P0.05);同期排卵-定时输精组中,Ovsynch法(GPG)和Ovsynch+CIDR法(GPG+CIDR)的不返情率、第一次人工授精妊娠率和21d妊娠率间无显著差异(P0.05)。不同输精人员可显著影响青年奶牛的第一次人工授精妊娠率(P0.05),而不同公牛常规冷冻精液对青年奶牛第一次人工授精妊娠率无显著影响(P0.05)。同期发情及同期排卵-定时输精技术可使青年奶牛集中发情,提高参配率,从而提高21d妊娠率,有效加快青年奶牛人工授精效率,降低饲养成本。     

不同发情处理方案对梅花鹿同期发情效果的影响

为探索梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）最佳同期发情方案,在吉林省双阳鹿业良种繁育有限公司挑选163只健康、发情周期正常、繁殖机能良好的供试母鹿随机分为3组：A组采用国产阴道孕酮栓（CIDR）,B组采用进口CIDR,C组采用二次前列腺素（PG）,均辅以孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）法处理。另挑选100只供试母鹿随机均分为4组,采用筛选出的较优方案结合不同剂量PMSG法处理（Ⅰ组100 IU、Ⅱ组300 IU、Ⅲ组500 IU、Ⅳ组700 IU）,探析不同发情处理方案对梅花鹿母鹿发情效果、发情时间分布、受胎率和双胎率的影响以及不同PMSG剂量对母鹿发情受胎的影响。结果表明：A、B组同期发情率差异不显著,但A、B组同期发情率分别较C组高23.5%和33.3%(p<0.01),且A组掉栓率较B组高8.8%(p<0.05);3种处理方案对发情时间分布的影响极显著（p<0.01）;B组与A、C组比较,受胎率和产仔率分别高6.5%和9.8%(p>0.05),双胎率分别高13.4%和17.6%(p>0.05);采用进口CIDR辅以不同剂量PMSG法对梅花鹿进行同期发情...     

塔里木马鹿冻配最佳输精时间的试验

将96只经试情公鹿检出的发情的经产塔里木母马鹿分为3组,分别在3个不同时间进行麻醉保定,检查其卵泡发育情况,并做1次输精。统计其产羔情况。其中首次接受公鹿爬跨后5h处理组的母鹿有17头,产羔率为41.2%,10h处理组有母鹿61头,其中54头处Ⅲ期卵泡阶段,7头已排卵,产羔率70.5%;12h处理组有母鹿18头,产羔率50%。结果表明,母鹿在接受试情公鹿爬跨后10h输精处理组的受胎产羔效果明显高于其余两个处理组,差异显著。     

茸鹿不同人工输精方式受胎效果分析

为探明人工输精方式与受胎率关系，本试验对梅花鹿、马鹿不同输精方式进行比较研究。研究结果：马鹿、梅花鹿采取公鹿试情人工输精方式受胎率最高，受胎率分别为83．78％和62．75％；梅花鹿同期发情输精受胎率偏低（45％左右），与榆精时间（统一标准取药后56～60h输精）关系不大，主要原因是同期发情实际发情率（60％）偏低；养鹿场（户）选择人工输精方式应按“因地制宜，量力而行”的原则进行。     

努比亚山羊同期发情与定时输精方法探究

为探究4种同期发情处理方法在努比亚山羊中的应用效果以及不同处理方法在处理结束后的发情集中时间分布,本实验以冬、春两季234只努比亚山羊为研究对象,采用前列腺素(PG)+PG、海绵栓+PG、海绵栓+孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)、海绵栓+PMSG+PG 4种处理方法对其进行同期发情处理,从同期发情率、21 d返情率、24 h同期率、成本等方面对同期发情效果进行综合分析。结果表明:冬季的4个处理中,PG+PG处理同期发情率(89.58%)、21天返情率(18.60%)均略高于其他3种(P>0.05),成本仅为10元/只;4种处理方法发情时间主要集中在处理结束后25～48 h;海绵栓+PG法的同期发情率在春季高于冬季(92.61%>83.33%),21 d返情率则为春季低于冬季(12.77%<13.33%),24 h内同期率更高(72.22%>62.75%),发情时间主要集中在48～72 h。综上所述,PG+PG法更适用于生产实践,海绵栓+PG法可作为其辅助方法参考,最佳定时输精时间在处理完成后25～48 h(冬季)。     

影响绵羊定时输精效果的关键因素研究

以杜湖杂交一代空怀母羊为试验动物,采用CIDR+PMSG+PG法进行同期发情和定时输精,研究PMSG剂量、母羊经产与否、同期发情处理季节对绵羊定时输精效果的影响,旨在为提高绵羊定时输精效果提供参考依据。结果表明:在同期发情处理过程中注射330 IU PMSG组的情期受胎率(81.5%)显著高于250 IU PMSG组(70.0%)(P<0.05);初配羊的情期受胎率(85.2%)显著高于经产羊(75.8%)(P<0.05);在秋季进行同期发情处理羊的情期受胎率(81.6%)显著高于春季组(70.7%)(P<0.05)。说明PMSG剂量、母羊经产与否,以及同期发情处理的季节,均对绵羊定时输精效果具有显著影响。     

使用性控冻精不同输精时间对新疆褐牛受胎率的影响

选择1~2胎无繁殖疾病的健康褐牛60头,分3组,每组20头,在不同时间进行性控冻精输精。第1组从发情开始后12~14 h,此时输精,也是常规冻精输精时间;第2组从发情开始后15~17 h输精;第3组从发情开始后18~20 h输精。结果表明,应用性控冻精母牛在12~14 h与15~17 h间输精的情期受胎率分别为49%和50%,两者差异不显著(P>0.05);18~20 h输精与12~14 h、15~17 h间输精情期受胎率差异显著(P<0.05)。应用性控冻精进行人工授精准确掌握发情时间和输精时间非常关键。在准确掌握奶牛发情时间的基础上,使用性控冻精输精的时间要根据卵巢发育状况确定输精时间,越接近排卵时间输精效果越好。     

绵羊胚胎移植受体同期发情方法的比较

为了比较CIDR＋PG与CIDR＋PG＋PMSG两种激素处理方法对于受体同期发情以及胚胎移植的效果,将103只小尾寒羊作为胚胎移植受体分为两组,分别使用上述两种方法进行同期发情处理。其中,CIDR＋PG组83只,CIDR＋PG＋PMSG组20只。在对供体羊人工输精后第6．5天获取移植囊胚,分别移植到两组受体子宫内。统计受体的发情率、黄体生成情况,以及移植后的妊娠情况。CIDR＋PG组与CIDR＋PG＋PMSG组受体羊发情率分别为87．95％、90．00％;有黄体羊的比例分别为37．35％和75．00％,平均黄体数为1．81和1．93个;两组受体胚胎移植后妊娠率分别为77．41％和86．67％。结果表明,使用CIDR＋PG＋PMSG进行同期发情效果较好,且胚胎移植后妊娠效果较好。     

Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2alpha, and progesterone

We determined whether a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus, or estrous detection plus TAI, and whether adding a controlled internal device release (CIDR) to GnRH-based protocols would enhance fertility. Estrus was synchronized in 2,598 suckled beef cows at 14 locations, and AI was preceded by 1 of 5 treatments: 1) a CIDR for 7 d with 25 mg of PG F(2alpha) (PGF) at CIDR removal, followed by detection of estrus and AI during the 84 h after PGF; cows not detected in estrus by 84 h received 100 mug of GnRH and TAI at 84 h (control; n = 506); 2) GnRH administration, followed in 7 d with PGF, followed in 60 h by a second injection of GnRH and TAI (CO-Synch; n = 548); 3) CO-Synch plus a CIDR during the 7 d between the first injection of GnRH and PGF (CO-Synch + CIDR; n = 539); 4) GnRH administration, followed in 7 d with PGF, followed by detection of estrus and AI during the 84 h after PGF; cows not detected in estrus by 84 h received GnRH and TAI at 84 h (Select Synch & TAI; n = 507); and 5) Select Synch & TAI plus a CIDR during the 7 d between the first injection of GnRH and PGF (Select Synch + CIDR & TAI; n = 498). Blood samples were collected (d -17 and -7, relative to PGF) to determine estrous cycle status. For the control, Select Synch & TAI, and Select Synch + CIDR & TAI treatments, a minimum of twice daily observations for estrus began on d 0 and continued for at least 72 h. Inseminations were performed using the AM/PM rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography. Percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of treatments was 66%. Pregnancy rates (proportion of cows pregnant to AI of all cows synchronized during the synchronization period) among locations across treatments ranged from 37% to 67%. Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.05) for the Select Synch + CIDR & TAI (58%), CO-Synch + CIDR (54%), Select Synch & TAI (53%), or control (53%) treatments than the CO-Synch (44%) treatment. Among the 3 protocols in which estrus was detected, conception rates (proportion of cows that became pregnant to AI of those exhibiting estrus during the synchronization period) were greater (P < 0.05) for Select Synch & TAI (70%; 217 of 309) and Select Synch + CIDR & TAI (67%; 230 of 345) cows than for control cows (61%; 197 of 325). We conclude that the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol yielded similar pregnancy rates to estrous detection protocols and is a reliable TAI protocol that eliminates detection of estrus when inseminating beef cows.     

Synchronization of estrus and artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2alpha, and progesterone

We evaluated whether a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus, or detection of estrus and AI plus a clean-up TAI for heifers not detected in estrus, and whether adding an injection of GnRH at controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insertion would enhance fertility in CIDR-based protocols. Estrus in 2,075 replacement beef heifers at 12 locations was synchronized, and AI was preceded by 1 of 4 treatments arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) Estrus detection + TAI (ETAI) (n = 516): CIDR for 7 d plus 25 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha (PG) at CIDR insert removal, followed by detection of estrus for 72 h and AI for 84 h after PG (heifers not detected in estrus by 84 h received 100 microg of GnRH and TAI); 2) G+ETAI (n = 503): ETAI plus 100 microg GnRH at CIDR insertion; 3) Fixed-time AI (FTAI) (n = 525): CIDR for 7 d plus 25 mg of PG at CIDR removal, followed in 60 h by a second injection of GnRH and TAI; 4) G+FTAI (n = 531): FTAI plus 100 microg of GnRH at CIDR insertion. Blood samples were collected (d -17 and -7, relative to PG) to determine ovarian status. For heifers in ETAI and G+ETAI treatments, a minimum of twice daily observations for estrus began on d 0 and continued for at least 72 h. Inseminations were performed according to the a.m.-p.m. rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography. The percentage of heifers exhibiting ovarian cyclic activity at the initiation of treatments was 89%. Pregnancy rates among locations across treatments ranged from 38 to 74%. Pregnancy rates were 54.7, 57.5, 49.3, and 53.1% for ETAI, G+ETAI, FTAI, and G+FTAI treatments, respectively. Although pregnancy rates were similar among treatments, a tendency (P = 0.065) occurred for pregnancy rates in the G+ETAI treatment to be greater than in the FTAI treatment. We concluded that the G+FTAI protocol yielded pregnancy rates similar to protocols that combine estrus detection and TAI. Further, the G+FTAI protocol produced the most consistent pregnancy rates among locations and eliminated the necessity for detection of estrus when inseminating replacement beef heifers.     

重构胚移植用受体山羊同期发情处理效果比较

分别用CIDR（孕酮阴道栓）＋PMSG（处理1）和CIDR＋PMSG＋LH（处理2）两种处理方法对山羊进行同期发情处理。结果发现,两种处理均以撤栓后第1d发情率最高。撒栓后0-24h和24h-48h的发情率,处理1和处理2（61．4％,13．6％和48％,20％）之间差异不显著;撤栓后48h-72h的发情率,处理1（4．59,6）显著低于处理2（24％）（P〈0．05）;撤栓后0～72h发情率,两种处理（79．5％,92％）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。从手术时对卵巢的观察可以看出,有大卵泡或排卵的发情羊,处理1为91．2％,处理2为100％,二者无显著差异;排卵的发情羊,处理1为（58．8％）显著低于处理2为（91．2％）（P〈0．05）。     

PMSG对甘肃高山细毛羊同期发情和繁殖率的影响

在甘肃省肃南县康乐乡对甘肃高山细毛羊应用阴道栓与孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG) 结合处理,结果表明,不同注射剂量和处理方式对母羊的同期发情和繁殖率均有影响,在埋栓后12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓后的0-48 h发情率显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);在埋栓后13 d注射600 IU PMSG同时撤除阴道栓的试验组繁殖率最高(P<0.05)。但综合繁殖率和经济效益考虑,在埋栓后间隔12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓0-48 h的试验组效果最好,平均每只母羊净收入可达773.7元。     

羊同期发情及人工授精技术的生产应用

羊同期发情和人工授精技术是在生产中同时应用的配套技术。针对生产中应用羊同期发情技术同期发情率和受胎率参差不齐的实际情况,介绍孕激素栓＋孕马血清促性腺素（PMSG）＋氯前列烯醇（PG）羊同期发情方法,并按照技术应用操作顺序,详细介绍了同期发情及人工授精的具体技术细节,并对影响羊同期发情和人工授精技术应用效果的因素进行了分析,同时针对生产中容易出现的问题,提出了根据羊体况及场管理条件应用同期发情技术的建议。     

Influence of PMSG and time of artificial insemination on fertility of progestogen-treated sheep in confinement

The need for pregnant mates' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in breeding confined sheep by artificial insemination (AI) at progestogen-synchronized estrus was assessed in 152 adult crossbred ewes brought into season by a controlled light regimen. One-half of the ewes received 500 IU PMSG after intravaginal progestogen treatment; all ewes were inseminated either 54, 57 or 60 h after sponge removal or at 54 and again at 60 h. Based on progesterone determinations 18 d after AI, conception rates with single insemination 54, 57, or 60 h and double insemination at 54 and 60 h were 76, 72, 47 and 72%, respectively, among ewes receiving PMSG, compared to 17, 22, 47 and 43%, respectively, among ewes not give PMSG (P less than .01) Lambing rates were higher (P less than .01) with PMSG (67, 67, 37 and 61%) than without PMSG (11, 11, 26 and 33%). While there was only a small increase (.06 less than P less than .05) in litter size with PMSG, fecundity decreased (P less than .01) from 1.4 to .3 when PMSG was not used. These data indicate that, even with controlled lighting to induce estrous activity, additional stimulation of ovulation by PMSG at progestogen-synchronized estrus is necessary for normal fertility when confined sheep are bred by AI.     

不同处理方法对巴美肉羊同期发情效果的比较

旨在研究不同处理方法对巴美肉羊同期发情效果的影响。采用CIDR(孕酮阴道栓)+PMSG(孕马血清促性腺激素)+PGF2α(氯前列烯醇)和CIDR+PMSG2种不同处理方法对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市养殖场中本地绵羊(即巴美肉羊)进行同期发情处理,比较二者的发情率。结果表明,CIDR+PMSG+PGF2α处理组试验羊的发情率为74%,CIDR+PMSG处理组试验羊的发情率为94%。由该试验结果可以得出,采用CIDR+PMSG处理方法对巴美肉羊进行同期发情处理效果更佳。     

Fertility after different artificial insemination methods using a synthetic semen extender in sheep

The present study aimed to investigate the fertility of ewes artificially inseminated with three different methods using a synthetic semen extender, AndroMed. The three methods of artificial insemination (AI) were cervical AI with fresh-diluted or frozen-diluted semen at observed estrus, and an intrauterine AI with frozen-thawed semen. A total of 80 ewes were treated with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) containing 0.3 g progesterone per device for 12 days. In Experiment 1 (26 Suffolk ewes), superovulation was induced with 20 mg follicle-stimulating hormone and 250 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) two days and one day before CIDR removal, respectively, during the non-breeding season. In Experiment 2 (54 Suffolk and Suffolk crossbred ewes), an intramuscular injection of 500 IU eCG was administered one day before CIDR removal to synchronize estrus and ovulation during the breeding season. In Experiment 1, fresh-diluted or frozen-thawed semen was deposited into the cervical orifice after estrus detection, and an intrauterine AI with frozen-thawed semen was performed by laparoscopy at a fixed-time basis without estrus detection. Embryos were recovered by uterine flushing 6 days after AI, and the rates of recovered, fertilized (cleaved) ova and embryos at the morula or blastocyst stage were compared among the three AI methods. In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rates after the three AI methods were compared. In Experiment 1, the rates of recovered ova were not significantly different among the three AI methods (52.5-56.7%). The rate of fertilized ova (81.0%) by laparoscopic AI with frozen-thawed semen was significantly higher compared with cervical AI of fresh-diluted (25.5%) or frozen-thawed (3.5%) semen, but the rate of embryos at the morula or blastocyst stage (17.6%) was significantly lower than that of the cervical AI with fresh-diluted semen (69.2%). The rates of ewes yielding fertilized ova were not significantly different among the three groups (44.4, 11.1 and 62.5% for cervical AI with fresh-diluted and frozen-thawed semen and intrauterine AI with frozen-thawed semen). In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rate of ewes intrauterinally inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (72.2%) was significantly higher than those of ewes inseminated cervically with fresh-diluted (5.5%) or frozen-thawed (0.0%) semen. The present results showed that acceptable fertilization and pregnancy rates could be obtained by an intrauterine AI with frozen-thawed semen using a synthetic semen extender (AndroMed), but not sufficient by the cervical AI with either fresh or frozen semen.