种群密度和食物对杂拟谷盗幼虫发育和蛹重的影响

杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum J. du Val。是一种世界性仓库害虫,在加拿大分布广泛,主要在面粉及饲料加工厂里。此虫对某些粮食加工品和某些谷物品种有偏嗜性,似乎还因嗅觉反应而以趋向某些脂肪酸     

拟谷盗属赤拟谷盗组重要种的鉴定

本文对拟步行虫科拟谷盗属有检疫及经济重要性的种进行了评述。查明在我国西北地区广泛分布的拟谷盗属的一种,国内文献中均误鉴为欧洲黑拟谷盗,实际上是同属的另一种——弗氏拟谷盗。对拟谷盗属赤拟谷盗组的4个重要种(弗氏拟谷盗、赤拟谷盗、美洲黑拟谷盗和欧洲黑拟谷盗)的区分特征进行了研究,通过比较雄性外生殖器揭示,弗氏拟谷盗与赤拟谷盗在亲缘关系上更接近,而欧洲黑拟谷盗与美洲黑拟谷盗在亲缘关系上更接近。     

赤拟谷盗气调辐照复合处理技术初探

赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum Herbst）是一种常见的仓储害虫,繁殖迅速、危害严重,如导致面粉结块、异味以至不能食用。气调处理作为一种环境友好型溴甲烷替代处理技术,目前已用于检疫和装运前处理。为确定赤拟谷盗检疫处理技术指标,以卵、低、中、老熟幼虫、蛹和成虫为对象,在室温（26～28℃）条件下测试其在1%、2%和4%低氧环境（N2平衡）下的死亡率,数据经方差分析、机率值分析及其LT99致死剂量比率比较,耐受性顺序为：蛹>老熟幼虫>中幼虫≥成虫>低幼虫≥卵;蛹为最耐受虫态,其LT99值分别为5.3 (5.0～5.7) d、5.5 (5.3～5.7) d,和15.5 (14.8～16.3) d。蛹经150 Gy X-射线辐照后再进行4%O2气调处理,LT99值为13.0 (11.8,14.8) d,计算致死剂量的协同比率为1.12～1.19,表明气调与辐照处理间存在协同增效作用。在26～28℃气调环境下,预测蛹的致死时间LT99.9 968分别为7.2 d(1%),7.3 d (2%),22.5 d (4%)和19.9 d (4%+150 Gy),建议...     

黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的模拟控制研究

在整粒小麦及半碎小麦中,黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的控制效果较好,但在小麦粉中无控制作用。在半碎小麦中,益害比1:20时,控制效果可达97.65％;在整粒小麦中,采用益害比1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8所得到的控制效果均无显著差异,但随着容器增大控制效果逐渐降低。     

基于28SrRNA基因的PCR-RFLP分析对赤拟谷盗与杂拟谷盗进行分子鉴定

本研究拟利用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析方法对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)和杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum(Jac du Val)进行分子鉴定,以期为仓储害虫管理和口岸检疫提供技术帮助和支持。采用通用引物对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因进行了PCR扩增、序列测定和分析,结果发现:扩增片段长约1070 bp,该序列种内均无变异位点、种间有76个变异位点,即种内没有核苷酸替换发生、种间核苷酸替换发生76次,其中转换56次,颠换20次,转换/颠换的比值为2.80。用限制性内切酶PvuI对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物进行酶切,电泳检测显示,赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物的PvuI酶切图谱(分别产生2个和3个酶切条带)明显不同,因此本研究建立的28S rRNA基因PCR-RFLP方法可用于赤拟谷盗与杂拟谷盗的分子鉴定。     

弗氏拟谷盗

1994年12月7日,黄埔动植物检疫局在新港集装箱公司码头查获未经检疫审批、由四川中意绢纺有限公司从意大利进口的“黄斑茧”一批,因未经检疫处理擅自卸运入仓,被我局封货追查,责令代理人及货运公司检讨后作现场消毒处理。此批意大利“黄斑茧”经我们检疫,发现至少有5种害虫,其中数量最多的是花斑皮蠹,占第二位的是一种我国尚未见截获     

赤拟谷盗的天然忌避剂

合成杀虫剂由于危害人类健康,故通常不能用来解决贮粮或粮食产品中害虫的严重问题。寻找廉价的、无公害的防治方法已引起人们的重视,监且不断需要比现存化学药剂更有效的、更持久的和更经济的忌避剂。 Jilani和Su(1983)曾研究过几种用于防治禾谷类作物害虫的植物类忌避剂;而Malik和Mujtaba(1984)曾报导Sausswened lappa根中的提取物对赤拟谷盗     

几种拟除虫菊酯类农药对赤拟谷盗的毒力测定及适应性评价

赤拟盗是一种重要的贮粮害虫。本文在室内条件下评价了６种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对赤拟合盗的毒性及其适用性。     

丁香对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的致死作用

在室内条件下,研究了丁香干燥花蕾粉末对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的影响。结果表明:丁香对赤拟谷盗卵孵化有明显的抑制作用,对赤拟谷盗幼虫有致死作用并且全部致死时间随着赤拟谷盗幼虫龄期的增大而延长,龄期越小的幼虫其全部致死时间越短。     

Gamma radiation sensitivity of larvae and adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst

In this study, the susceptibility of larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to gamma radiation was investigated in the laboratory in Turkey. Gamma radiation was applied at 6 dose levels between 20 and 200Gy to 13–15day-old adults and at 5 dose levels between 20 and 180Gy to 18–20day-old larvae of T. castaneum. All experiments were performed in growth chambers maintained at 27±1°C and 70±5% r.h. The larvae proved to be the more susceptible stage, survival to the adult stage being prevented by exposure of the eggs to 100Gy; the adult stage was less susceptible. LD₅₀ and LD₉₉ values were determined as 19,75 and 42,97Gy for larvae and 33,21 and 64,50Gy for adult stage, respectively. It was concluded that 100Gy is the effective dose for both larval and adult stages.     

Potential of zimtaldehyde, 4-allyl-anisol, linalool, terpineol and other phytochemicals for the control of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum J. d. V.) (Col., Tenebrionidae)

Toxicity and repellency effects of several pure compounds (of plant origin) against the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) were investigated in a filter paper test. The compounds were α-pinen, β-pinen, 4-allyl-anisol, camphor, 1,8-cineol, eugenol, linalool, menthol, piperin, terpineol, thymol and zimtaldehyde. Five compounds (4-allyl-anisol, linalood, terpineol, thymol and zimtaldehyde) caused enough mortality of this insect to allow the determination of LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ values. Zimtaldehyde and 4-allyl-anisol showed the strongest toxicity effects with LD₅₀ values of 0.04–0.05 μl/cm² within an exposure period of 24 h. When the isolated fumigant effects were tested by separating the insects from the filter paper, the toxicity of zimtaldehyde (LD₅₀=0.29 μl/cm²) was much lower than that of 4-allyl-anisol (LD₅₀=0.10μl/cm²).     

Potential of zimtaldehyde, 4-allyl-anisol, linalool, terpineol and other phytochemicals for the control of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum J. d. V.) (Col., Tenebrionidae)

Toxicity and repellency effects of several pure compounds (of plant origin) against the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) were investigated in a filter paper test. The compounds were α-pinen, β-pinen, 4-allyl-anisol, camphor, 1,8-cineol, eugenol, linalool, menthol, piperin, terpineol, thymol and zimtaldehyde. Five compounds (4-allyl-anisol, linalood, terpineol, thymol and zimtaldehyde) caused enough mortality of this insect to allow the determination of LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ values. Zimtaldehyde and 4-allyl-anisol showed the strongest toxicity effects with LD₅₀ values of 0.04–0.05 μl/cm² within an exposure period of 24 h. When the isolated fumigant effects were tested by separating the insects from the filter paper, the toxicity of zimtaldehyde (LD₅₀=0.29 μl/cm²) was much lower than that of 4-allyl-anisol (LD₅₀=0.10μl/cm²).     

阶段性极端高温对七星瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确极端高温天气对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata生长发育和繁殖的影响,通过模拟田间高温发生情况,设置6h极端高温(36℃和39℃)与不同持续时间(1d和3d)对七星瓢虫卵和成虫进行胁迫,以25℃恒温饲养处理为对照,观察统计其发育历期、存活率、繁殖力及子代孵化率。结果表明,在相同高温胁迫模式下,七星瓢虫成虫的耐热性要明显高于卵,如在39℃处理1d后,卵和成虫的存活率分别为52.09%和93.94%;处理温度越高,高温持续时间越长,七星瓢虫卵的存活率越低,36℃处理1、3d和39℃处理1、3d后卵的存活率依次为71.31%、62.87%、52.09%和24.98%。七星瓢虫卵经39℃处理3d后,其孵化1龄幼虫的发育历期为2.77d,显著长于对照组(2.11d),其余龄期幼虫的发育历期、整个幼虫期和蛹期与对照组均无显著差异,说明七星瓢虫发育前期经历极端高温可能会导致其发育后期生长加速,出现生长补偿现象。卵期受极端高温的影响要显著大于成虫期,卵和成虫在39℃处理1d后的单雌产卵量分别为42.67粒和139.79粒;所有高温处理组的子代卵孵化率均显著低于对照组(85.42%),介于0~64.13%之间。另外,各高温处理组的种群趋势指数在5.26~56.02之间,均低于对照组(78.76)。表明夏季极端高温天气频发可能导致七星瓢虫种群数量减少,不建议此时期在田间释放七星瓢虫卵进行害虫防控。     

Treatment of rice with diatomaceous earth and effects on the mortality of the Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Diatomaceous earth has been demonstrated in Australia, Germany, and the USA to protect stored products from infestation by insect pests. However, application of diatomaceous earth has rarely been used in Asian countries for the protection of stored grain from insect damage. These facts and the paucity of existing data from the tropics prompted the present study of storage with diatomaceous earth. We exposed rice treated with the diatomaceous earth product Fossil Shield® to infestation by Tribolium castaneum Herbst. During the dry season, when tests were conducted, the mean temperature was 29±2°C and relative humidity was 80±3%. The population of T. castaneum in rice was significantly reduced after treatment with Fossil Shield®. Diatomaceous earth at 1g and 2g per kilogram rice reduced population growth of T. castaneum to a coefficient of 0.27, and 0.02 respectively after 42 days. Fossil Shield® at 0.5g per kilogram rice increased the mortality of T. castaneum, but did not stop population growth.     

光周期对莲草直胸跳甲生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygrophila Selman et Vogt的生态适应性,提高其对恶性杂草喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides(Martius)的生物防治效率,研究了7组不同光周期对其生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:不同光周期处理下,莲草直胸跳甲卵的孵化历期差异显著,在L∶D=12 h∶12 h时孵化历期最短,为4.33 d;其化蛹率无显著差异。相较于短光期,长光期条件更适合其幼虫生长发育。随着光照时数的增加,莲草直胸跳甲成虫寿命、产卵历期、雌虫产卵量呈明显单峰趋势,光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时,成虫寿命和产卵历期最长,分别为41.8 d和34.0 d;光周期为L∶D=8 h∶16 h时,雌虫产卵量最高,为98.5块。不同光周期处理下其成虫后代的孵化率均高于85%,各处理间均无显著差异。在7组光周期处理下,莲草直胸跳甲均未出现生长与生殖停滞及大量死亡现象。生命表分析结果显示,光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时,莲草直胸跳甲种群的净增殖率、平均世代周期及内禀增长率均最高,分别为386.88、45.36和0.13;而种群增殖时长最短,为5.27 d。表明光周期为L∶D=12 h∶12 h时最适合莲草直胸跳甲生长发育和繁殖。     

温度对大蜡螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

为预测大蜡螟Galleria mellonella的发生期并为其田间有效防控提供参考依据,采用室内人工恒温饲养方法,测定27、29、31、33、35℃五个温度下大蜡螟幼虫龄期、各虫态存活率和发育历期及成虫寿命和繁殖力,对其发育速率与温度进行回归分析,计算各虫态发育起点温度和有效积温。结果显示,27～35℃范围内,大蜡螟能正常发育,但低温会使幼虫龄期减少,29～35℃下大蜡螟有7～10龄幼虫,而27℃下,大蜡螟仅有6～8龄幼虫。温度显著影响各虫态存活率,低龄尤其1龄幼虫受温度的影响较大,27～33℃下其存活率低于26.06%,当温度为35℃时其存活率高达87.27%。世代及各虫态的发育历期均与温度呈负相关,卵期、幼虫期、蛹期及世代发育历期均在35℃降至最小值,分别为5.00、25.90、7.05和37.95 d。各虫态发育速率与温度符合二次回归模型。由直接最优法计算得到大蜡螟卵、幼虫、蛹及世代的发育起点温度分别为13.11、13.69、19.83和13.19℃,有效积温依次为100.32、514.09、95.13和789.87日·度。雌雄成虫的寿命和雌成虫产卵历期均随温度升高而缩短,温度...     

温度对日本方头甲生长发育及繁殖的影响

研究了日本方头甲卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在6个恒温下的发育历期、发育速率、世代存活率及成虫产卵量。王氏模型测定结果表明，日本方头甲卵、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、三龄幼虫和蛹、产卵前期的发育最适温度分别为：24．7、23．9、27．1、24．5、24．9、23．2℃。卵孵化率(SE)、一龄存活率(SL1)、二龄存活率(SL2)、三龄存活率(SL3)、蛹羽化率(Sp)与温度(X)的关系分别为：SE=-62．4798 12．9440X-0．2720X^2、SL1=-30．8872 9．4942X-0．1881X^2、SL2=24．7956 5．3500X—0．1108X^2、SL3，=-100．2795 15．5575X-0．3134X^2、Sp=30．7012 5．2098X-0．1095X^2。产卵量(Y)与温度(X)的关系：Y=-194．5609 20．0496X-0．4103X^2。日本方头甲卵、蛹和成虫分别置于2、4、6、8、10℃，25天后卵的孵化率分别为72．1％、76．5％、79．4％、82．7％、68．7％：蛹的羽化率分别为62．3％、69．5％、73．5％、80．7％、61．1％，8℃为蛹和卵适宜的低温贮藏温度；而15天后的成虫存活率分别为52．1％、53．1％、52．7％、52．9％、50．3％，以后迅速下降。低温贮存卵和蛹是保存日本方头甲的有效途径。