水分条件对豌豆保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响

为探讨不同水分条件对豌豆保护酶系统和膜脂过氧化的影响,采用盆栽人工控水试验方法,模拟干旱胁迫及复水条件,研究了不同水分处理对花荚期豌豆叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量和脂膜相对透性(RC)的影响,并对花荚期豌豆抗氧化能力进行了综合评价.结果表明:不同程度干旱胁迫历时5 d时并未影响豌豆叶片SOD、CAT活性,但有明显的滞后效应.重度干旱胁迫历时10 d可显著降低豌豆叶片SOD、CAT活性,显著提高MDA含量.不同程度的干旱胁迫均导致豌豆叶片POD活性提高,膜脂相对透性加大.复水可对干旱胁迫所造成的CAT、POD活性变化产生显著补偿作用,对SOD活性变化产生超补偿作用.同时,可显著降低MDA含量和脂膜相对透性;干旱胁迫历时10 d内和复水历时10 d内,豌豆有较强的抗氧化能力,仅在重度胁迫10 d后复水历时达到10 d时抗氧化能力趋弱.     

硒镉伴生对富硒土壤柑橘生长及生理代谢的影响

为保障富硒柑橘的安全生产,明确富硒土壤硒镉伴生现象对柑橘生长、硒镉吸收转运和抗氧化能力的影响,采用盆栽试验,以一年生大雅柑橘为试验材料,研究添加硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet,CK,模拟富硒土壤)和添加SeMet与镉(模拟富硒土壤硒镉伴生)对富硒土壤柑橘的生长指标、硒镉含量、叶片还原型抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环效率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,富硒土壤中,硒镉伴生增加了柑橘叶片叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,但对株高、新梢长度、新梢数量以及根茎叶的干物质量影响不显著;在富硒土壤中,硒镉伴生显著增加了大雅柑橘硒含量和硒的富集系数(BCF),降低了硒的转运系数(TF);硒和镉主要分布在根系,其次是叶片和茎;在AsA-GSH循环中,硒镉伴生使过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量显著上升,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量上升但未达到显著水平,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性显著上升,而GSH和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量下降,AsA/(AsA+DHA)和GSH/(GSH+GSSG)比值降低,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性显著降低。本研究为阐明镉胁迫对富硒土壤柑橘的生理影响机制提供了理论依据。     

Spd浸种对Cd胁迫下油菜幼苗的抗氧化系统的影响

采用水培试验,研究了0.20mmol·L-1Cd2＋浓度下,0.10mmol·L-1亚精胺（Spd）浸种处理对油菜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫使油菜幼苗叶片褪绿,叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b含量与对照相比极显著降低,Spd浸种处理可显著逆转这一变化,缓解叶片的褪绿现象。与Cd处理相比,Spd浸种显著或极显著提高了油菜幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和可溶性蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,从而降低了丙二醛（MDA）含量,极显著降低了超氧阴离子（O-2·）含量,缓解了Cd的氧化胁迫作用。总之,Spd浸种处理通过提高Cd胁迫下植株体内抗氧化酶及抗氧化剂活性,降低活性氧（ROS）水平来缓解重金属胁迫对油菜幼苗的伤害,提高幼苗的耐重金属能力。     

温度对盐胁迫小麦抗氧化机制的影响

本研究以耐盐性不同的8个冬小麦品种为材料,分别在室温(20℃/25℃)和接近小麦生产的低温(10℃/15℃)条件下采用溶液培养,并在苗期进行盐胁迫处理(150 mmol·L-1 Na Cl),研究温度和盐胁迫交互作用对耐盐性不同的小麦抗氧化机制的影响。结果表明,对室温培养的幼苗进行盐胁迫后,耐盐强的小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)活性均显著升高,并且高于2个耐盐性弱的品种;而耐盐性弱的小麦幼苗盐处理后仅APX活性显著升高,其活性氧(ROS)累积量和叶片相对电导率均高于耐盐小麦;抗旱小麦以上指标介于耐盐品种和耐盐性弱的品种中间。低温培养下进行盐胁迫,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)在所有供试品种中均显著升高2~3倍;耐盐品种仅CAT和APX活性升高,抗旱品种SOD、POD和APX以及耐盐性弱的品种SOD和POD活性显著提高。由此得出与室温盐胁迫下小麦抗氧化机制的响应不同,低温盐胁迫条件下,耐盐小麦SOD和POD酶活性受到抑制,主要通过提高抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的两个关键酶APX和GR活性增加对ROS的清除能力,而抗旱品种和耐盐性弱的品种除GR酶活性显著提高外,SOD和POD对ROS的清除能力均显著增强。在各种抗氧化酶的共同作用下,耐盐性不同的小麦品种之间ROS累积量和叶片电导率等受伤害指标的差异程度与室温盐胁迫相比减弱。     

外源精胺对NO_3~-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及光合作用的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了添加不同浓度的精胺(Spm)对NO3-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性及光合作用的影响。结果表明,140 mmol/L NO3-胁迫下,外加1 mmol/L Spm,10 d后,黄瓜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低;气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和净光合速率(Pn)显著升高,气孔限制值(Ls)显著降低。说明1 mmol/L Spm处理能增强黄瓜幼苗对活性氧的清除能力,降低膜脂过氧化程度;降低气孔关闭,改善叶片的气体交换,幼苗生长势增加,对高浓度NO3-胁迫的抗性增强。当Spm浓度高达1.5~2 mmol/L时,与1mmol/L Spm相比,SOD、POD、APX、CAT活性均开始降低,电解质渗漏率和MDA含量增加,Gs、Ci和Pn显著降低,黄瓜幼苗生长受到抑制。可见,外加一定浓度的Spm可通过提高抗氧化酶活性、降低膜脂过氧化程度及改善光合作用来缓解NO3-胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的影响。     

氟胁迫对茶树氟吸收累积特性及生理生化指标的影响

以龙井43茶树为供试材料,采用水培法试验,研究了不同浓度的氟(F)胁迫对茶树叶片的抗氧化能力、膜脂过氧化以及茶树氟含量的影响。结果表明:氟胁迫促使茶树叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升高后保持相对稳定,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)活性先升高后降低。氟胁迫下茶树的H202、丙二醛(MDA)以及脯氨酸(Pro)含量升高。茶树根部和地上部分氟含量均随着氟胁迫浓度的增加而增加,且各器官的氟含量(Y)与氟添加浓度(X)呈极显著正相关。富集系数和转运系数均大于1,说明茶树对氟有较强的富集能力。低浓度氟胁迫可以有效刺激茶树体内抗氧化酶活力,而高浓度氟胁迫下茶树叶片的抗氧化防御系统不能清除过多的活性氧化物。     

外源水杨酸对黑麦草幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应研究

系统分析了黑麦草幼苗在0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 mmol L-1水杨酸分别与150 mmol L-1 Na Cl盐胁迫复合作用下的生长指标与生理生化指标特征,探究了外源水杨酸对黑麦草幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明:施加不同浓度的外源水杨酸均能够显著缓解盐分对黑麦草幼苗的胁迫效应,盐胁迫下施加外源水杨酸,可使得黑麦草幼苗株高,地上、地下部分鲜重和干重均相对增加;加强了植物体内抗氧化酶系统,表现为超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著提高;减弱了细胞膜脂过氧化作用并降低了质膜破坏程度,表现为细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量均显著降低。0.6 mmol L-1是所设置的浓度梯度中最佳的水杨酸施用浓度;与单独150 mmol L-1 Na Cl盐胁迫相比,黑麦草幼苗株高增加43.38%,地上部分鲜、干重分别增加37.92%和31.36%,地下部分鲜、干重分别增加25.46%和15.32%;胁迫处理第3天,SOD活性增加17.20%,第9天,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低27.60%。     

高温和CO2浓度倍增对华北落叶松幼苗抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化的影响

在35℃高温和CO2浓度700μmol/mol的人工模拟复合处理下,研究了华北落叶松幼苗抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的变化。结果表明,高温胁迫下华北落叶松幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈下降趋势,而在CO2倍增和其与温度复合胁迫下上述酶活性增强;丙二醛(MDA)含量在高温胁迫下提高,在CO2倍增及与温度复合胁迫下降低。表明CO2倍增可以通过提高体内抗氧化酶活性,有效地提高华北落叶松幼苗对高温胁迫的防御能力。     

干旱胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生理生化特性的影响

在土壤有效磷含量较高的条件下,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF）对不同水分处理梯度（田间最大持水量的70%、 45%和20%）条件下玉米生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,在三种不同水分处理条件下,接种AMF显著提高了玉米植株地上部的生物量,且对玉米地上部、 地下部全磷含量有显著提高作用。水分胁迫显著降低了玉米叶片水势,增加了玉米叶片脯氨酸、 丙二醛、 过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶含量,而不同水分梯度条件下接种AMF均显著提高了植株叶片水势,降低了脯氨酸含量,提高了叶片保护酶（过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）活性从而减少丙二醛的积累,减轻植物叶片膜脂过氧化的伤害。由此说明,接种AMF在土壤有效磷含量较高的条件下能够与玉米根系形成良好的共生关系,提高玉米的抗旱性。     

外源NO对Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄叶片活性氧损伤的缓解效应

为探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)对次生盐渍胁迫下植物抗氧化系统的调节作用,以番茄品种‘秦丰保冠’为试材,在营养液栽培条件下研究叶面喷施外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对80mmol·L~(-1)Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、叶片光合、活性氧物质、抗氧化酶活性和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响。结果表明,Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下喷施SNP处理的番茄幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O_2~(·-))的产生速率以及过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)的含量和电解质渗漏率显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)的活性显著升高或得以维持,同时叶片抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及其还原力(AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG值)显著升高,叶片活性氧损伤得到有效缓解,叶绿素降解和光合速率的下降得到有效抑制,进而促进了植株的生长发育,提高了番茄幼苗的耐盐能力。     

Growth and antioxidant responses in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants subjected to combined effect of gibberellic acid and salinity

The effects of salt stress on plant growth parameters, lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (GR; EC EC 1.6.4.2) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activity] were studied in the leaves of mustard. Plants were exposed to two different concentrations of NaCl stress (100 and 150 mM) for 45 days and were sprayed with GA₃ (75 ml pot^?1, conc. 75 mg l^?1) once a week. Salt stress resulted in decrease in the growth and biomass yield of mustard but the exogenous application of GA₃ enhanced these parameters significantly. Application of GA₃ counteracted the adverse effects of NaCl salinity on relative water content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll (Chl) content. GA₃ was sufficient to attenuate partially the stimulatory effect of NaCl supply on proline and glycinebetaine biosynthesis. GA₃ reduced lipid peroxidation in the leaves, which was increased during salt stress. The activity of all the antioxidant enzymes was increased significantly during salt stress in mustard. The exogenous application of GA₃ decreased the enzyme activity. The results of the present study indicate that usage of GA₃ reduces the harmful effects of salinity and increases resistance to salinity in mustard plant.     

Effects of foliar selenium application on some physiological and phytochemical parameters of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana under salt stress

Abstract

In this research the effect of foliar application of selenium (Se) at four levels (Na₂OSe₄; 0, 5, 10 and 20?mg L^?1) was evaluated on some phytochemical characteristics of Sultana grapevine under different salinity levels (NaCl; 0 or 75?mM). The vines were fed twice a week with Hoagland nutrient solution and Se was foliar applied twice with 24 intervals. During growing period, plant height, leaf number and leaf area were recorded. Moreover, at the end of experiment, mature leaves from middle nods of canes were used for measurement of some phytochemical indices. According to results, Se application had a positive effect on plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and photosynthetic pigments content especially at 5?mg L^?1 and to some extent 10?mg L^?1 Se levels. Under salinity stress, foliar application of Se at 5?mg L^?1 considerably decreased vines leaves electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation values compared to non se-treated plants under salinity stress condition. Selenium had an additive effect on salinity stress (75?mM NaCl) induced accumulation of total phenol, total flavonoid, soluble sugars and proline content in leave of vines. Moreover, the interaction of salinity and Se at 5 and 10?mg L^?1 improved leaves antioxidant enzymes activities in Sultana grapevine. Likewise, foliar application of Se improved leaf mineral content in 75?mM NaCl -treated vines. Totally, foliar application of selenium (Se at 5 or 10?mg L^?1) increased salt tolerance through improvement in nutritional balance and by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in grapevine leaves.     

不同价态外源硒对小白菜生长及养分吸收的影响

采用土壤外源加入两种不同价态的硒 [Se(Ⅳ)和 Se(Ⅵ)]的盆栽试验,研究了其对小白菜生长、营养元素和硒吸收的影响。结果表明,施硒对小白菜的生长均表现出低浓度(5 mg/kg)促进,高浓度(5 mg/kg)抑制趋势。Se(Ⅵ)处理小白菜地上部硒含量大于地下部;而Se(Ⅳ)处理则与Se(Ⅵ)相反。硒从根部转运到地上部的转移因子Se(Ⅵ)处理大于Se(Ⅳ)。两种价态硒处理,小白菜对氮、磷、钾、硫、镁和锌的吸收也表现出低浓度时为促进作用,高浓度为抑制作用。Se(Ⅵ)显著增加了钙的吸收,Se(Ⅳ)却无显著影响;Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)均能促进小白菜对铁的吸收。相同浓度下, Se(Ⅵ)对各个营养元素吸收的影响显著大于Se(Ⅳ)。综合硒对生长和养分吸收的影响看出,小白菜施硒量以Se(Ⅵ)不超过2.5 mg/kg或Se(Ⅳ)不超过5 mg/kg为宜。     

土壤改良剂与叶面喷硒联合阻控对小白菜吸收镉的影响

为探究改良剂与叶面喷硒（Se）联合阻控减轻农产品受镉（Cd）毒害的效果,采用土壤培养及盆栽试验的方法,筛选不同用量的牛粪（7.5、15 g kg?1）与石灰（1、2、3、4、5 g kg?1）配施钝化土壤Cd有效性的最优处理,并探讨改良剂与叶面喷Se（1、2、4、8 mg L?1）联合阻控对不同程度Cd污染土壤（0.5、3、6 mg kg?1）中小白菜吸收Cd的影响。结果表明:（1）与未施改良剂处理相比,7.5 g kg?1牛粪与 5 g kg?1石灰配施对土壤Cd的钝化效果最显著,土壤有效Cd含量降低了37.9%。（2）与单施改良剂相比,施用改良剂与叶面喷Se显著抑制了小白菜对Cd的吸收,其中在中轻度污染土壤中（0.5 和 3 mg kg?1 Cd）叶面喷施 4 mg L?1 Se使小白菜Cd含量分别降低了 12.9% 和 78.7%,丙二醛含量分别降低了29.9% 和 60.6%;在重度污染土壤中（6 mg kg?1 Cd）叶面喷施 8 mg L?1 Se使小白菜Cd含量降低了 81.4%,丙二醛含量降低了71.9%;叶面喷Se使小白菜的抗氧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽含量均有不同程度的增加。     

Effects of dietary sodium selenite and selenium yeast on antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat

The effects of sodium selenite (SS) and selenium yeast (SY) alone and in combination (MS) on the selenium (Se) content, antioxidant enzyme activities (AEA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat were investigated. The results showed that the highest (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was found in the SS-supplemented chicken breast meat; however, SY and MS treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) the Se content and the activities of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and TAC, but decreased (p < 0.05) the malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 42 days of age. Twelve days of storage at 4 °C decreased (p < 0.05) the activity of the GSH-Px, but CAT, T-SOD, and TAC remained stable. SY decreased the lipid oxidation more effectively in chicken breast meat. It was concluded that SY and MS are more effective than SS in increasing the AEA, TAC, and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat.     

Modulation of the ROS‐scavenging system in salt‐stressed wheat plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Although there is evidence for a positive involvement of the antioxidant defense system in plant response to salt stress, there is poor information regarding the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense in wheat under saline conditions. The present article focuses on the contribution of mycorrhizae to antioxidant defense in salt‐stressed wheat plants. Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Sids 1 and Giza 168, were grown under nonsaline or two saline conditions (4.7 and 9.4 dS m^–1) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. Salt stress considerably decreased root colonization and plant productivity, particularly in Giza 168. Interestingly, mycorrhizal colonization alleviated the adverse effect of salt stress and significantly enhanced plant productivity, especially in Sids 1. The concentration of glycinebetaine, the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) and the concentrations of antioxidant molecules (glutathione and ascorbate) were increased under saline conditions; these increases were more significant in salt‐stressed mycorrhizal plants, especially in Sids 1. Salt stress induced oxidative damage through increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide concentration, particularly in Giza 168. Mycorrhizal colonization altered plant physiology and significantly reduced oxidative damage. Elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be one of the mechanisms how AMF improve wheat adaptation to saline soils and increase its productivity.     

Ameliorative effect of selenium on tomato plants grown under salinity stress

The ability of selenium (Se) to counteract salt inhibitory effects in crop plants, especially in tomato, is still poorly documented. In order to examine the impact of Se addition on the growth, some biochemical parameters related to osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense of salt-stressed tomato, a two-factorial experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The plants were supplied with NaCl (0, 25, or 50 mM) and Se (0, 5, or 10 μM), individually or simultaneously. The results showed that salinity had a deleterious impact on plant biomass and physiological parameters studied. The application of Se alleviated this adverse effect by improving the integrity of cell membranes and by increasing leaf relative water content under stress conditions. Moreover, the application of 10 μM Se significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments concentration under salt stress. Salt stress also caused an inhibition of catalase activity, but its activity was restored in the presence of Se. The free radical scavenging activity significantly increased in plants subjected to 25 mM NaCl and supplied with 5 µM Se, compared to NaCl-alone treatment. Both physiological and biochemical results indicate that 10 µM Se treatment can increase plant performance under salt stress, especially under high NaCl concentration.

Abbreviations: CAT: catalase; Chl: chlorophyll; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; DW: dry weight; FW: fresh weight; POD: peroxidase; REL: relative electrolyte leakage; RWC: relative water content; free radical scavenging activity (FRSA); TW: turgid weight     

Potential of rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) diterpenes in preventing lipid hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

The effects of 24 h supplementation of Caco-2 cells with carnosic acid and carnosol, and their activities against 5 microM oleic acid hydroperoxide (OAHPx)-mediated oxidative stress, were investigated. At 24 h of incubation, under nonstressed and stressed conditions, both compounds at 25, 50, and 100 microM supplement concentrations reduced catalase activity, whereas changes in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities varied depending upon the concentrations. Relative to control cultures, carnosic acid and carnosol reduced membrane damage by 40-50% when stressed by OAHPx. Carnosic acid and carnosol inhibited lipid peroxidation by 88-100% and 38-89%, respectively, under oxidative stress conditions. Both compounds significantly lowered DNA damage induced by OAHPx. Results of this study suggest that antioxidant activities of carnosic acid and carnosol could be partly due to their ability to increase or maintain glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities.     

不同价态硒缓解小油菜镉胁迫的生理机制

【目的】 硒有利于提高植物对环境胁迫的抗性,缓解植物受到的非生物胁迫。研究不同价态硒对小油菜缓解重金属镉胁迫的影响,可为治理农田土壤重金属镉污染提供参考。 【方法】 采用盆栽试验,选取三种价态硒,分别为硒代甲硫氨酸 Se (–2)、亚硒酸钠 Se (+4) 和硒酸钠 Se (+6),硒浓度均为 1 mg/kg,设置镉胁迫浓度 0、低浓度镉 (2 mg/kg) 和高浓度镉 (5 mg/kg),共计 12 个处理,采用原子吸收光谱法测定植物的镉含量,分析调查了对小油菜生长及生理特性的影响。 【结果】 未加外源镉时,与对照 (CK₀) 相比,各价态 Se 均能显著促进小油菜生长,且 Se (–2) 处理对小油菜生物量、株高、根长的促进效果优于无机硒 Se (+4) 和 Se (+6) 处理;低浓度镉胁迫下,与对照 (CK₂) 相比,经 Se (–2) 和 Se (+4) 处理后,小油菜地上部镉含量分别降低 13% 和 5%,而 Se (+6) 处理却增加了 25%;在高镉胁迫下,与对照 (CK₅) 相比,经 Se (–2) 和 Se (+4) 处理后,小油菜根部及地上部镉含量降幅可达 13%～41%,而 Se (+6) 处理后,小油菜根部及地上部镉含量分别增加了 38% 和 17%。当存在镉胁迫时,施用 Se (–2) 和 Se (+4) 处理可有效提高植物体内超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 等酶的活性,增加小油菜叶片内抗坏血酸 (AsA) 和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 的含量,但Se (+6) 降低了其抗氧化酶的活性,减少了小油菜叶片中 AsA、GSH 的含量。 【结论】 在镉胁迫下,Se (–2) 在促进小油菜生长、抑制镉在小油菜体内的积累及增强小油菜生理特性方面的作用均优于 Se (+4) 和 Se (+6)。因此,Se (–2) 处理最能有效缓解小油菜镉胁迫,Se (+4) 次之,Se (+6) 却增加了镉对小油菜的胁迫作用。