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陇东和陇中黑垆土的发生与演变 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
前人认为,我国黑垆土是现代草原环境条件下形成的。我们通过对陇东和陇中黑垆土理化性质分析,14C年代和孢粉组成的测定。认为这里的黑垆土是由深色埋藏古土壤层和浅色表土覆盖层叠加构成。剖面呈两段性构造。古土壤层由晚更新世晚期开始发育,主要成壤于全新世中期,具有与现代成土环境不相符合的深厚腐殖质蓄积层,理化性质,孢粉成分等残遗埋藏特性。浅色表土层是全新世晚期气候传向旱型化条件下发育的土壤,其性质和现代成土 相似文献
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不同时期形成的铁质富铝土特性及其在发生上的意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在其他成土因素相对一致的前提下研究时间因素对土壤性状的影响,并以此为依据探讨分类中的一些问题.随成土时间变长(Q4-Q1),土壤的微形态特征,化学性质和粘土矿物组成都发生较大变化.如原生矿物含量减少;三水铝石逐渐增多;高岭石结晶程度变高;粘粒硅铝率和交换量分别由1.91、57.5减至1.25、12.9;游离铁含量增加.分析资料的统计结果表明:成土时间对土壤性状的影响一般小于生物气候的影响;全新世火山灰发育的土壤的粘土矿物、交换量、游离铁含量等性状与红壤截然不同,不应归属于红壤而应在高级分类单元中加以区分;许多在发生上有意义的指标,如硅铝率等,由时间因素引起的变化(Q3-Q1)已超过了同一母质发育的不同土类间的变化,因此把Q3-Q1玄武岩发育的高富铝土归属于同一土属也是不妥的. 相似文献
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太白山北坡土壤的粘土矿物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
太白山位于陕西省西部,绝顶海拔近4000米,是秦岭山脉的主峰,属于我国西北中部地区最高名山之一。地理位置约为北纬33.9-34.15度,东经107.4-108.0度。由于秦岭的屏障使潮湿的海洋气团不易深入西北,同时也阻挡了北方的寒潮不致长驱南下,所以秦岭已成为自然地理上划分我国东部南北的重要界线。太白山的气候具有南温带的温和气候和北亚热带的温暖气候特点,属于温带和亚热带过渡性地带。 相似文献
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半干旱农牧交错带栗钙土的发生与演变 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
半干旱农牧产错带玄武岩和沙质沉积物上发育的典型草原土壤-栗钙土形成了距今6000~8000年以前。随着时间的进程,它经历了有机质积累与分解,碳酸盐淀积与淋溶,元素氧化物迁移与富集,以及风沙堆积等作用,近二百余年,栗钙土在人为强度活动,开垦种植和过度放牧经营管理下,土壤理化性质逐渐趋恶化,从而反映出演变过程中的土壤退化现象。 相似文献
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南方水稻土中的磷酸铁对水稻磷素营养的意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了我国南方18个不同类型水稻土标本的无机磷的形态。结果表明,非闭蓄态的磷酸盐,包括磷酸铝、磷酸铁和磷酸钙三种形态,一般占土壤无机磷总量的30—60%,其中磷酸铁一极占非闭蓄态总量的50—80%。土壤无机磷中另外的40-70%主要是被氧化铁胶膜包蔽的磷酸铁和磷酸铝。应用同位素P32示踪法进行的水稻盆栽试验表明:在水稻不同生育期,土壤有效磷量“A”值与水稻土中非闭蓄态的磷酸铁化合物具有极显著的相关性(成熟期的r=0.95)。用P32人工合成的两种不同晶形的磷酸铁进行了水稻盆栽试验;进一步指出:在水稻土的条件下,晶形的粉红磷铁矿对水稻具有良好的磷素供应能力。这些结果说明,水稻土中非闭蓄态的磷酸铁化合物,即使是以比较稳定的结晶状态存在,但却有可能作为水稻磷素营养的重要给源。室内试验表明,粉红磷铁矿所以对水稻磷素营养具有良好供应能力,以及酸性和中性水稻土中的非闭蓄态磷酸铁化合物,所以能作为水稻磷素营养的重要给源,主要是受渍水还原过程的影响,这一过程,使原来晶形的磷酸铁化合物转化为无定形的状态。 相似文献
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新疆博格达山北坡土壤形成特征及其垂直分布 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
博格达山北坡土壤形成过程主要有腐殖质化过程、粘化过程、钙他过程、残余盐化-碱化过程、高山融冻过程.土壤风化程度低,粘土矿物以伊利石为主,粘粒SiO2/R2O3为2.84-3.54,各土类差别不大,R2O3,沿剖面无明显移动.本区山体高大,土壤垂直分布完整,在天山北坡有代表性,并具温带荒漠土壤的垂直分布特点.土壤垂直分布东、西差异明显,西部完整,东部无荒漠土壤和高山草甸土. 相似文献
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上海郊区水田土壤,可以古岗为界分成东西两部分:浦东的沙泥、夹沙泥、黄泥头以及岗身的沟干泥是由长江沉积物发育起来的草甸土,地势较高(吴淞0.4米以上),地下水位较低(地面1米以下),质地偏中(轻壤-重壤),土壤通气孔隙较多,渗透性较好,因此土壤比较爽水,生产性能好,产量较高;浦西的青紫泥是由古太湖和其他许多湖荡港叉葑淤成陆的沼泽土,地势低洼(地面高程在吴淞零上2.2-3.5米),地下水位高(地面以下0.3-0.8米),质地偏粘(中壤-重壤),土壤通气孔隙少,毛管孔隙多,吸持力强,土壤透水性差,易于囊水,根系环境不良. 相似文献
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Using optical and scanning electron microscopy various forms of gibbsite are described in some tropical soils. In a lateritic soil from Zaire gibbsite occurs on argillans, in randomly oriented crystal sheets, as nodular aggregates infilling vughs and on ped faces. The mineral also surrounds quartz grains and kaolinite pseudomorphs after biotite. In other soils gibbsite occurs as silt-size particles disseminated through the matrix, as large nodular aggregates, and as anatomizing sheets associated with crystal chambers. It is clear from these observations that alumina must be a mobile constituent and was probably translocated through the soil in solution. 相似文献
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J. A. CATT W. M. CORBETT C. A. H. HODGE P. A. MADGETT W. TATLER A. H. WEIR 《European Journal of Soil Science》1971,22(4):444-452
Thin silty deposits cover large areas of north-east Norfolk, occurring mainly on gently sloping and flat plateau sites and on the floors of valleys cut in the glacial deposits. Particle size and geographic distribution of the deposits suggest that the silt is windblown. The mineralogical composition of the silt fraction resembles that of the silt of Hunstanton Till, suggesting that most of the deposit was derived as loess from outwash of the Weichselian glacier. However, at some localities the sand and clay components of the deposits were derived, at least partly, from subjacent glacial sediments of pre-Weichselian age. The distribution of the silty deposits strongly affects the pattern of soil types and sometimes the growth of crops. 相似文献
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THE SIMULATION OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION IN SOILS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Computer simulation techniques are presented as a means of applying diffusion theory to two problems concerning the dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide distributions in soils. It is demonstrated that these techniques facilitate both problem formulation and solution, and require less mathematical skill than the equivalent analytic techniques. For problems with no analytic solution, simulation can still yield results with an accuracy equal to other numerical methods. Using simulation techniques, it was computed that stationary state conditions for carbon dioxide in a 0·7 cm layer of soil were established 24 hours after waterlogging. Similarly it was computed that for oxygen diffusing through a 0·4 cm layer of soil, equilibrium was attained within six minutes. These data were useful in that they justified the assumptions regarding equilibrium conditions which had necessarily been made in previous experiments. Simulation techniques may be of widespread use, not only for solving diffusion problems, but also for applying other fundamental laws to specific situations. 相似文献