堰塞湖风险等级判定模型及其参数敏感分析

以堰塞湖溃决风险取决于渍决可能性及渍决后果为研究出发点,确立了一套完备的风险等级判定体系.体系包括建立的堰塞湖风险等级判定多属性决策模型及模型参数进行敏感性分析两部分.研究应用实例表明,在快速、精准地确定堰塞湖风险等级同时,给出了保持决策等级不变的模型参数变化区间,为决策偏好问题提供了新的理论依据,为堰塞湖等级判定提供可靠的技术支撑.     

滑坡体未处置下的堰塞湖后续处置实践

2011年6月湖北房县因山体滑坡形成堰塞湖,后续处置时,因工期紧,滑坡体尚未处置,施工难度大。设计时秉着“不扰动滑坡体”的原则,采用三重防护措施,第一重防护措施为堰顶防护,第二重防护为在堰脚布置首座透水型混凝土重力坝拦渣,第三重防护为在下游布置第二级透水型重力坝拦渣。经三重防护,有效阻止了推移质向下游推移,消除溃堰风险,实现了堰塞湖长治久安。提出的透水型混凝土重力坝的设计,减少了上游水压力和基底扬压力,增加了抗滑、抗倾覆稳定性,减小了工程量,降低了工程投资。     

驷马山切岭滑坡治理

本文分析了驷马山引江水道切岭滑坡产生的主要原因,提出几种治理滑坡措施,取得了良好的滑坡治理效果,以供借鉴参考.     

加筋土技术在滑坡防治工程中的应用

加筋土作为一种新兴的土工结构,在世界范围内得到了广泛应用与快速地发展.从滑坡防治的角度出发,对加筋土技术在滑坡治理工程中的应用进行了分析和研究.摸索拓宽加筋土技术的应用领域,并对类似滑坡防治的设计有参考价值.     

驷马山切岭滑坡治理

本文分析了驷马山引江水道切岭滑坡产生的主要原因,提出几种治理滑坡措施,取得了良好的滑坡治理效果,以供借鉴参考。     

应用固化土与加筋士技术治理膨胀土渠道滑坡

结合引丹灌区膨胀土滑坡的实际情况进行了稳定分析,对膨胀土与土壤固化剂混合后的固化土进行了物理力学性能试验,并用固化土修建土工格栅加筋土坡来治理滑坡取得成功,证明固化土与加筋土技术联合应用,可显著提高土体的强度和稳定性,是处理膨胀土滑坡的一种新方法.     

喀斯特高原区滑坡崩塌地质灾害治理

喀斯特作为我国特殊的地质地貌,其区域内多发的地质灾害已成为影响“三农”乃至区域经济社会发展的重要因素。在分析喀斯特高原区地质灾害类型及其对区域经济社会影响的基础上,以贵州省毕节市七星关区燕子口镇大南山小学滑坡崩塌地质灾害为例,阐述了研究区滑坡、崩塌地质灾害的形成及其治理概况。喀斯特高原区滑坡治理措施包括截排水系统和抗滑、阻挡系统两类,工程措施主要有截排水沟、抗滑桩及挡土墙3种;崩塌主要采取清理和加固。喀斯特高原区滑坡、崩塌地质灾害的高发性与其特殊的地质地貌密切相关。最终结合喀斯特高原区实际,从预防和治理滑坡、崩塌地质灾害两方面出发,提出加强区域地质灾害巡排查力度、加大对设计可行性的论证及结合退耕还林等政策减少诱发地质灾害因素的措施,降低地质灾害对区域经济社会发展的影响。      

滑坡地质灾害勘查和防治治理探究

滑坡是一种严重的地质灾害,可能造成重大的经济损失和人员伤亡。文章以滑坡地质灾害为研究对象,基于大量的文献资料,对当前滑坡地质灾害勘察常用的几种方法进行了分析,并从水体治理、边坡岩体、防滑建筑物等方面提出了相应措施,以有效防治滑坡地质灾害。期望文章的探讨能为广大同行提供借鉴参考。     

九畹溪滑坡的稳定性分析

本文通过对九畹溪滑坡的现场实际踏勘,确定了滑坡的地形地貌特征,滑坡体、滑带物质特征及滑床岩土体特征。在现场试验和室内试验的基础上,对滑坡在不同工况下的稳定性进行计算并得出结论,其计算结果对该地区滑坡治理提供了参考和依据。选取特征剖面,采用Morgenstern-Prince法分别计算了不同工况下斜坡的稳定性,计算斜坡的法向力和剪切力,分析该滑坡的稳定性情况。     

生命之光——重庆市电力公司武隆“6·5”山体垮塌保电纪实

截止2009年6月10日深夜,一台500kV·A的变压器在武隆鸡尾山垮塌体南侧安装完毕,同时电力抢险人员沿着鸡尾山堰塞湖边缘,在荆棘和灌木丛中.用砍刀开出一条小路,敷设了一条宝贵的应急电缆线路.至此,重庆市电力公司为武隆抢险救援和堰塞湖泄洪提供了强大可靠的电源,确保了抢险用电需要.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。