人工湿地污水处理技术在炭厂村的发展应用

近年来随着经济的发展和产业结构的亟待优化,生态环境污染和破坏问题越发严重,尤其是在水资源方面。随着水污染问题的突出,水资源变得更加短缺。基于这一背景形势,研发和应用污水处理技术迫在眉睫。人工湿地污水处理技术作为一种新型的技术,具备成本低廉、效果突出、不产生污染等优点。该技术目前已经投入应用并得到了很多地区的青睐。本文主要阐述了人工湿地污水处理技术的概念、以炭厂村为例来分析该技术的具体应用和效果。通过一系列的分析,为其他地区运用人工湿地污水处理技术来治理水污染提供参考。     

人工湿地基质及其去污机理

根据人工湿地基质的来源将其分为天然基质、工业副产品基质和人造基质.对常见的人工湿地基质如沸石、页岩、粉煤灰的去污能力进行了比较,并对基质去除悬浮固体物、有机物、氮、磷、重金属、硫的机理进行了阐述.最后提出了人工湿地基质选择的建议.     

微生物菌剂促进秸秆发酵产沼气试验研究

本文主要研究了微生物菌剂不同添加量对玉米、小麦秸秆原料发酵制取沼气的效果,得出了池容10m3户用沼气池最佳投加量为300mL,该菌剂对秸秆发酵制取沼气有明显的促进作用。     

人工湿地处理农村生活污水的概述

人工湿地作为一种绿色生态、低成本的污水处理技术,其应用日渐广泛。随着应用和机理研究的深入,传统湿地在运行过程中也涌现出各种问题。文章概述了人工湿地处理农村生活污水的工艺原理、类型,处理过程中出现的问题及解决措施。     

微生物菌剂在水稻生产中的肥效试验

为验证微生物菌剂在水稻生产中的应用效果,采用田间对比试验方法,探讨微生物菌剂对水稻生物学性状和产量的影响。试验结果表明:与当地常规施肥和施用等量基质相比,施用微生物菌剂可促进水稻生长发育,改善植株生育性,产量分别增加7.09%和5.67%。     

微生物菌剂在蔬菜上的应用效果初探

为验证沈阳国科生物科技有限公司生产的微生物菌剂在蔬菜上应用效果,以芸豆、菠菜为试验作物,采用对比试验的方式,探讨微生物菌剂对蔬菜生物学性状和产量的影响。试验结果表明:与施用等量清水和基质相比,微生物菌剂可使芸豆和菠菜的生物学性状发生改变,分别增产25.6%和22.3%。     

小流域水质生态修复治理技术

研究出一套针对小流域水体水质巩固提升的生态治理技术,从流域水体土著微生物中进行筛选,并扩大培养,将其中具有不同降解功能和具有互生或共生关系的微生物以适当比例进行混合培养制成复合微生物菌剂。复合微生物菌剂中枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌的数量比为3∶3∶2∶1∶1。以截污控源为前提,通过向流域水体中投加复合微生物,同时投入曝气增氧、生态浮岛、生物挂膜等技术,修复流域水体的生态,改善水质,增强水体的自净能力。     

小流域水质生态修复治理技术

研究出一套针对小流域水体水质巩固提升的生态治理技术,从流域水体土著微生物中进行筛选,并扩大培养,将其中具有不同降解功能和具有互生或共生关系的微生物以适当比例进行混合培养制成复合微生物菌剂。复合微生物菌剂中枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、光合细菌、硝化细菌的数量比为3∶3∶2∶1∶1。以截污控源为前提,通过向流域水体中投加复合微生物,同时投入曝气增氧、生态浮岛、生物挂膜等技术,修复流域水体的生态,改善水质,增强水体的自净能力。     

农村纳污坑塘水体治理技术研究

本文研究出一套针对农村纳污坑塘水体治理的相关技术,即“预处理+缺氧生化+复合型人工湿地”。将纳污坑塘隔离出三个区,农村污水依次经过预处理区、缺氧生化区、水生植物稳定区,通过过滤、混凝、微生物降解、湿地基质吸附、植物吸收等作用,实现纳污坑塘水体的高效净化,改善农村的生态环境。     

生态视角下的农村污水处理技术研究

本文以我国农村污水的特征与主要成分分析为切入点,简要地介绍了现今农村污水生态治理的应用现状和存在的问题,并以生态复合型湿地为研究对象,从湿地填料、湿地植物、湿地微生物等方面对其性能优化进行了较为详尽的论述。      

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。