甘蓝新品种苏甘8号

苏甘8号是江苏省农科院蔬菜所最新选育成的平头型春、秋兼用甘蓝新品种。植株开展度60～70cm ,叶色绿 ,蜡粉中等 ,外叶数12～14片 ,叶球扁圆 ,球形指数0.62 ,叶球紧实度0.65 ,单球重2kg ,每667m2产量4000kg以上。Vc含量39.3mg/100g(鲜重 )、粗蛋白1.75 %、粗纤维0.93%。该品种具有冬性强 (露地越冬栽培不易发生先期抽薹现象 )、耐寒性强 (能耐短暂 -10℃低温 )、耐高温能力强 (夏季32℃以上高温条件下生长正常 ) ,丰产、品质好 (Vc含量高 )、抗病性强等特点。全生育期春季为210天 ,夏秋季为110天左右。苏甘8号适应性广 ,适合我国长江流域及…     

甘蓝新品种"苏甘8号"

苏甘8号是江苏省农科院蔬菜所最新选育成的平头型春、秋兼用甘蓝新品种。适应性广,适合我国长江流域及以南地区春、夏、秋季栽培。一、特征特性植株开展度60～70 cm,叶色绿,蜡粉中等,外叶数12～14片,叶球扁圆,球形指数0.62,叶球紧实度0.65,单球质量2 kg,每667 m2产量4 000 kg以上。Vc含量39.3 mg/100 g(鲜重),粗蛋白1.75 %,粗纤维0.93 %。该品种具有冬性强(露地越冬栽培不易发生先期抽薹现象)、丰产、耐寒性强(能耐短暂-10 ℃低温)、耐高温能力强(夏季32 ℃以上高温条件下生长正常)、品质好(Vc含量高)、抗病性强等特点。春季全生育期210 d,…     

湖北武汉发现草地贪夜蛾为害莲藕初报

草 地 贪 夜 蛾〔Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)〕属鳞翅目夜蛾科灰翅夜蛾属,是一种原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区的多食性害虫,寄主植物多达76科353种(Montezano et? al., 2018).该虫的适应性强、繁殖力强、破坏力强、迁移性强、抗药性强,严重威胁世界农业生产与粮食...     

茶树新品系福选9号的观察研究

为观察鉴定茶树新品系福选9号在重庆市巴南区的适应性及表现,以福鼎大白茶为对照品种,于2002-2004年进行了品比试验。结果表明,福选9号表现出如下特性:(1)春芽萌动特早,较对照提早11～13d,春茶产量较高。(2)育芽能力强,生长势旺盛,秋梢休止期较对照晚5～7d,全年生育期较对照长16～20d,平均单产高20.5%。(3)抗逆性强,耐寒性和抗旱性与对照相当,抗病虫性稍强。(4)发芽整齐度高,适宜机械化作业。(5)制绿茶品质优良,适制性强。     

苹果压条繁育苗木技术

无病毒自根苗繁育是现代果业持续健康发展的重要保障,是目前提高苗木质量的重要途径和方法,也是未来苗木发展的方向。无毒自根栽培同常规栽培相比具有诸多优越性:(1)生长健壮,抽枝力强;(2)树势强,建园后园貌整齐、早成形、早丰产;(3)果实大,结果多,果实光洁度好;(4)果实的内在品质提高;(5)根系发达、抗逆性强。     

1991-1992年度福建省的果树冻害调查

<正> 1991-1992年度冬季以来,福建省连续多次遭受北方强寒潮的侵害,使果树生产受到严重损失。为进一步了解果树冻害的成因及其危害情况,从中总结经验教训,我们对全省9个地(市)、30个县(区)进行了为期20多天的果树冻害调查,现将调查结果综述如下。1 寒潮特点1.1 寒潮强度大,覆盖范围广据福建省气象台提供的资料,1991年12月25日至30日为强寒潮降温过程,全省各地均受强寒潮侵害,48h(小时)内(1991年12月26-28日)过程降温幅度达10℃以上的有35个县市,其中闽东的周宁、寿宁、屏南过程降温幅度达17.3-19.9℃(表1)。     

发展柑橘产业助力农民脱贫

我国柑橘生产发展促进了果农脱贫致富,特别是30强柑橘县(市区)和柑橘生产大县(市区)在帮扶农民脱贫上齐心协力,措施得力,用柑橘扶贫项目、柑橘脱贫示范点和相关的政策等引领措施,不仅帮助县市区内农民脱贫,而且对全国柑橘产区的脱贫也起到积极作用。笔者以30强柑橘县(市区)和柑橘生产大县(市区)发展柑橘产业帮扶脱贫的成效、做法为实例,就柑橘产业助力扶贫攻坚进行论述。     

观赏海棠新品种‘紫烟’的选育

‘紫烟’是从与‘雪花’(‘Xuehua’)、‘加紫’(‘Jiazi’)‘和‘雪红’(‘Xuehong’)等品种混栽、开放授粉的‘绚丽’(‘Radiant’)实生后代中选育出的观赏海棠新品种。树姿直立,生长势强;枝条成枝力强;幼叶亮紫色,有红褐色晕,成熟叶片紫红色;花蕾紫红色,花瓣粉红色、卵圆形;果实卵圆形,紫红色;生理落果与采前落果较轻。适宜在沈阳及其相似气候区栽植。     

广西农科院蔬菜研究所“丰成”蔬菜新品种简介

丰密一号网纹甜瓜(新育成)一、品种特征特性早中熟,生长势强,耐湿、耐热,耐寒性强,对病毒病、霜霉病、白粉病抗性强,易坐果且坐果整齐,从雌花开放到果实成熟约40～     

彩色甜椒高产优质温室栽培技术

1　品种选择温室甜椒生产周期长 ,要选择无限生长型、生长势强、耐低温弱光、抗病性强、品质优良的大果型栽培品种。红色甜椒可选择红太阳 (Ｆ1)、Ｍａｎｄｙ(Ｆ1)、玛祖卡(Ｆ1)、Ｓｐｒｉｔ(Ｆ1)等品种。 (1)红太阳 (Ｆ1)　果实灯笼形 ,单果重 2 6 0ｇ ,抗烟草花叶病毒。 (2 )Ｍａｎｄｙ(Ｆ1)　果实灯笼形 ,单果重 2 10ｇ ,抗Ｔｍ2 。 (3)Ｓｐｒｉｔ(Ｆ1)　果实灯笼形 ,单果重 2 0 0ｇ ,抗Ｔｍ2 ,品质最优。 (4)玛祖卡 (Ｆ1)　果实灯笼形 ,单果重 2 5 0～ 30 0ｇ ,抗Ｔｍ1。黄色甜椒可选择斯塔基 (Ｆ1)、Ｂｏｓｓａｒｏｖａ(Ｆ1)等品种。 (…     

杧果抗炭疽病种质资源的鉴定与分析

炭疽病是杧果的重要病害,在对此病害的综合防治中,选种抗病品种是行之有效的措施。本研究运用杧果炭疽病高致病性菌株,对保存在中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所杧果种质资源圃的果品种抗病性进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,大部分的果品种为感病品种,其中爱文杧、乳杧、海豹、龙井大杧等为高感品种;紫花杧、金煌、实选-4、spooner为高抗品种;台农一号、粤西一号、台牙、贵妃、Mallika、桂香、凯特等为中抗品种;在所有供试品种的抗病鉴定中,没有发现免疫品种。     

Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status and Relative Infestation of Selected Mango Cultivars in Three Agro Ecological Zones in Uganda

Despite their economic importance, there is paucity of knowledge on fruit fly host status in Uganda. Therefore, this study set out to profile the host range of the main fruit fly pests and determine the susceptibility of selected fruits and mango cultivars across three main mango agro ecological zones, which included: Western Medium High Altitude Farmlands (WMHF), Lake Victoria Crescent (LVC), and the Northern Moist Farmlands (NMF) in Uganda. A wide range of fruits was sampled across the three zones. These were incubated at the National Agricultural Research Laboratories following standard protocols. Emerging fruit fly species were identified using standard keys and counted. Among the sampled fruits, 633 (35.0%) individual fruits from 15 plant families were positive for fruit fly infestation. Bactrocera invadens dominated (76.3%) of the positive samples, while infestation by native species, such as Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra, was negligible. Annonaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, and Anacardiaceae plant families recorded significantly more host species, while the number of pest fruit flies (species richness) per plant species followed a similar trend: Solanaceae > Rutaceae > Anacardiaceae. There was significant (P < 0.0001) variability in infestation among mango fruit cultivars, both within and across zones. When all zones were pooled together, Tommy Atkins and Kent, and Keitt, Kate, and Biire were the least and most infested, respectively. In conclusion, fruit flies have a diverse range of commercial and non-commercial hosts in Uganda. Strategies for fruit fly pest eradication in the country should ensure elimination or management of alternative fruit hosts and integration of tolerant mango cultivars in fruit development programs.     

ISSR分子标记与杧果果实生理性病害相关分析

从120条ISSR引物中筛选出9条引物,用以对20个杧果样品进行聚类分析.结果表明,杧果患果实生理性病害品种群体与ISSR分子标记聚类结果相吻合,可利用ISSR分子标记预测杧果果实生理性病害的发生,并作为杧果育种中早期筛选抗果实生理性病害品种的一种有效的辅助手段.     

受大气污染芒果的采后催熟与生理变化

在大气污染环境中生长的芒果，果实采后不能正常完成后熟，成为生产中的新难题。采用0．5％乙烯利，在50℃下浸果5 min后，并在有乙烯气体的环境中保持16 h，然后常温下贮藏，可较有效地促进污染芒果的后熟进程，提高其商品价值。与正常果实相比，受污染芒果的呼吸速率较低，无呼吸高峰出现。综合各处理，发现果肉组织膜透性、果胶甲酯酶活性、呼吸速率等均有提高，果实硬度、果皮色泽也有改善。对这些生理生化变化进行了讨论。     

Assessment of genetic relatedness among mango cultivars of India using RAPD markers

Summary

DNA-based RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) markers have been used extensively to study genetic relationships in a number of fruit crops. A wide genetic diversity exists in the mango fruit in India. Present day commercial cultivars originated mainly from this subcontinent. In this study, 18 commercial mango cultivars, traditionally grown in western, southern, northern and eastern parts of India, were selected to assess genetic relatedness. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 30 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, 27 primers amplified mango genomic DNA. None of these primers produced unique band pattern for each cultivar. RAPD data were used to calculate a squared Euclidean distance matrix, and based on this cluster analysis was done using a minimum variance algorithm. Cluster analysis clearly showed two groups—the first consisting of western, northern and eastern mango cultivars and the second group consisting of southern cultivars. From the analysis of results, it appears the majority of mango cultivars originated from a local mango genepool and were domesticated later.     

Utilization of Defatted Mango Kernel in Wheat-Based Cereals Products: Nutritional and Functional Properties

The mango kernel is a byproduct of mango processing industries and it contains appreciable quantities of edible oil and quality proteins. In the present research, wheat flour was partially replaced with defatted mango kernel flour up to 30% and blends were further utilized for the preparation of biscuits. The nutritional and functional properties of flour blends were determined in the first phase. The second phase dealt with product analysis and sensorial appraisal from the trained taste panel. The results indicated that the addition of mango kernel flour improved the mineral and fiber content of flour blends. The addition of mango kernel flour affected emulsifying and foaming properties of flour blends negatively, while water and oil absorption improved positively from 60.76 ± 2.39% to 86.29 ± 2.51% and 81.81 ± 2.94% to 123.87 ± 5.39%, respectively. The results might be due to lower bulk density of blends. The cookies prepared from flour blends showed improved color tonality and textural characteristics. Sensorial appraisal from a trained taste panel was awarded to cookies containing 15% and 20% defatted mango kernel flour, however, the rating was slightly less than the control. The results were conclusive that defatted mango kernel can be used at 15% and 20% with significant consumer acceptability. Future aspects of the present research include the extraction of principal ingredients, e.g., starch and proteins, for value addition.     

Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruits

Fruit of eight mango genotypes were evaluated for antioxidant potential by several biochemical assays (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP, SASR and MCC) and tested for their polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. The significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of Tainong 1 fruits were significantly higher than that of other genotypes, which was about 2.1–6.3-fold higher than Guifei assayed in ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP methods. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents showed a great variety amongst mango genotypes and highly correlation with the total antioxidant capacity. It is concluded that significant genotypic difference exists in the total antioxidant capacity of mango fruits. Both total polyphenols and flavonoids are major contributors to the total antioxidant capacity in mango fruit.     

Postharvest heat disinfestation treatments of mango fruit

Postharvest heat disinfestation treatments have emerged over the past decade as viable non-chemical control methods for fruit flies in mango fruit around the world. The physiological responses of mango fruit both during and following a heat treatment determine the eventual eating quality of the fruit. This review describes the methods used to heat treat mango varieties for insect disinfestation. The physiological effects of heat treatments, particularly pretreatment conditioning and hot water treatments, on the fruit are covered in detail.     

Pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins: Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in defense mechanism against malformation in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation.