工业化生产蝇蛆及饲养肉仔鸡的效果

苍蝇繁殖力在昆虫中位居前列，其所产的蝇蛆富含蛋白质可作畜禽饲料蛋白源。以猪鸡粪工业化生产蝇蛆蛋白在我国尚未得到应有重视，国外如俄罗斯已工业化生产蝇蛆及其提取物，广泛用于畜牧、食品、医学等领域。为开发利用这一生物资源，宁夏回族自治区农科院科技人员引进俄罗斯部分成果和技术，在本区立项。研究用猪、鸡粪繁殖蝇蛆的小型生产工艺，并获得了成功。l蝇蛆蛋白工业化生产工艺该工艺利用一定规格的蝇笼和饵料来饲养优良蝇种，通过简便而科学的方法集取蝇卵，将蝇卵接种在适宜基料如猪、鸡鲜粪上，培养蝇蛆。然后用科学方法分离蛆…     

不同温度对蝇蛆生长的影响

温度是蝇蛆生长发育的必要环境条件之一。据人工养蛆的文献报道,在25～35℃的适宜温度时蛆生长快,产量高。当气温下降低于22℃时,蝇蛆的生长周期延长,成蝇停止繁殖或以蛹进入冬眠状态,不食不动。要进行规模化全年生产蝇蛆蛋白,在温度低于上述适宜温度,尤其是在寒冷的冬季,必须有调控温度设备进行人工控温以保证其正常生长繁殖。为了探讨调控温度对家蝇卵孵化和蝇蛆产量的影响进行了试验研究。1材料与方法1.1基料每种温度有3个培养盘(即每种温度有3个重复),每盘饲用麸皮(粗蛋白18%)各200g,加300ml水搅拌均匀,含水量约为60%～70%。1.2接种量各…     

蝇蛆作为蛋白饲料的开发与利用

蝇蛆营养价值很高，利用畜禽粪便繁育蝇蛆再喂畜禽，不但能大大降低养殖成本，而且饲喂效果显著。用蝇蛆喂鸡，每日每只鸡饲喂10克(鲜蛆)，饲喂10天，产蛋率和蛋重均比对照组提高11％，平均每1.41千克鲜蛆就可增产1千克鸡蛋，而生产1千克鲜蛆的成本仅0.5～0.6元。我们应用蝇蛆喂貂，每日每只喂30～55克，经4个月的饲喂，平均每只月增重15～45克，换毛时间集中且提前5天结束，貂皮质量有所提高。据报道，蝇蛆也是饲喂猪、鱼等的好饲料。繁育蝇蛆设备简单，操作简便，一年四季均可生产(冬季室内生火)，尤其适宜饲养户繁育。……     

鸡粪蝇蛆配料养猪效果好

鸡属短消化道家禽 ,饲料从采食到形成粪便排出仅需１８～２１小时 ,配合饲料中的蛋白质、氨基酸等消化未尽 ,还有一定量的营养物质 ,有重新再利用的价值 ;尤其是蝇蛆 ,蛋白质、氨基酸、微量元素含量丰富 ,据参考资料介绍 ,鲜蛆含蛋白质１５．６２% ,干蛆含蛋白质５９%～６３ % ,氨基酸总含量为５２．２４% ,含铁、锌、铜等微量元素１７种。利用鸡粪、蝇蛆配合饲料养猪 ,可有效降低生产成本 ,提高经济效益。通过半年多试验观察 ,鸡粪、蝇蛆配合饲料养猪育肥效果好、效益显著。１原料选择与收取选择集约化高台平养（网上或竹排上） ,鸡鲜鸡粪…     

苏北地区人工养殖蝇蛆试验

<正> 蝇蛆作为一种药物,在我国历史上,早在明清时期就有应用。近年来,蝇蛆作为禽畜高蛋白饲料,已引起国内外注意。有的国家先后开展了人工养殖蝇蛆的研究,并进行了机械化的生产尝试。近两年来国内也进行了这项研究。江苏继天津、广西两地,人工养殖蝇蛆初试成功以后,1983年底首次在金湖县种禽场引进并开始这方面的研究,探讨在苏北地区蝇蛆应有的经济价值。经两年试验,共生产蝇蛆五千余公斤,在50平方米育蛆面积内,达到每平方米日产鲜蛆0.5公斤,每公斤蛆成本0.22元。用鲜蛆代替进口鱼粉分别进行蛋鸡和肉鸡喂养试验,则明显提高雏鸡成活率、成鸡产蛋量和肉鸡的增重。每斤蛋饲料成本降低3.6%,每斤肉饲料成本降     

养蛆设施——养蛆池的改进

蝇蛆因其高含量的动物蛋白而越来越受到人们的青睐。近年来，人工养蛆蓬勃发展，势头强劲。我们经过多年的学习、实践和总结，充分掌握了蝇蛆的发育特点和生活习性，对养蛆设施不断地改进和完善，设计出一种便于收取蝇蛆、节省人力、高产的养蛆池。该技术推广以来，当地人工养蛆有了大的飞跃，现介绍如下。     

利用肉仔鸡舍养蝇育蛆

蝇蛆含有丰富的动物蛋白。养蝇育蛆喂鸡是一条降低饲料成本、提高养殖户经济效益的有效途径。然而单纯养蝇育蛆所需费用高 ,不易被人们接受。立体养殖既节约资金 ,又不受外界自然条件的影响 ,四季均可生产 ,以蛆粉代替鱼粉喂鸡 ,经济效益可观。我们利用肉仔鸡舍养蝇育蛆效果较好。在一间长 4m、宽 5m的房间内 ,中间留 2m宽的通道 ,通道两旁搭养殖架 ,用来饲养肉仔鸡。每天及时收集雏鸡粪 ,用麦麸和水调成含水 70 %左右的食料 ,即手握成团 ,放手后松散 ,并加入少量EM液除臭。用塑料袋密封发酵 5～ 6d即 ,作为培育1～2日龄幼蛆的培养料。发酵…     

蝇蛆养殖:多一份清醒,少一份盲从

目前我国苍蝇养殖尚属实验阶段,浙江农科院的鲍根良同志近几年从事苍蝇饲养的研究,并取得了网箱粗放养殖、蛹料快速分离、废料重复利用等先进经验,但对蝇蛆产品如蝇蛆蛋白、蛆壳几丁质的提取尚未尝试。另据了解,蝇蛆提取蛋白质、蛆油、甲壳素(几丁质)技术难度大,与蛆蛹类似的蚕     

用鸡粪养蛆喂鸡效果好

用鸡粪养蛆喂鸡效果好孙守琢（辽宁省新武县农业区划办公室１２３２００）用鸡粪养蛆代替鱼粉饲养畜禽，是解决动物蛋白质饲料的新途径。它不仅使农村养鸡专业户对鸡粪进行进一步的开发利用，也解决了鸡粪到处乱放所造成的环境污染，同时也降低了养鸡成本，提高了养鸡的经...     

畜禽粪便与作物秸秆无害化处理试验

用微生态制剂先将按比例混合的畜禽粪便与玉米秸秆粉进行发酵除臭,再利用处理后的混合物作培养基,饲养无菌蝇蛆,养蛆后的培养基可加工成有机肥。试验结果表明:①1∶1的鲜鸡粪与秸秆粉加入其重量0.5%的微生态制剂,密封发酵10天除臭效果最好。②培养基pH值5～7,接种密度6条/cm2,蝇蛆生长最好,每千克培养基4～5天可产鲜蛆0.28kg。③养蛆后培养基比养蛆前氮含量有所增加。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.