NS2A序列对日本脑炎病毒NS1基因在原核系统中的体外表达的影响

 用RT-PCR扩增并克隆了日本脑炎病毒弱毒株SA14-14-2的NS1、NS1'、NS1-2A的 cDNA片段,分别将其亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30b(+),构建了重组原核表达质粒pET30b-NS1、pET30b-NS1'、pET30b-NS1-2A,转化大肠杆菌BL-21(DE3),用IPTG诱导培养。结果表明,仅有pET30b-NS1质粒转化的菌株获得表达,而另外2种重组质粒转化的菌株均无表达。表达的融合蛋白分子量约为46kD,约占菌体总蛋白的30.8%,Western blotting分析表明表     

Expression of streptococcal M protein in Escherichia coli

The structural gene for group A streptococcal M protein, the fibrillar surface molecule enabling the organism to resist phagocytosis, has been cloned into Escherichia coli. The molecule produced by Escherichia coli is slightly larger than the M protein isolated by solubilization of the streptococcal cell wall, but is similar in size to that secreted by streptococcal protoplast and L forms. Immunologically, the molecule synthesized by Escherichia coli has the same type-specific determinants as the streptococcal M protein.     

云南马铃薯青枯病菌的PCR检测

利用针对马铃薯青枯病菌hrp基因族DNA序列设计合成特异性寡核苷酸引物（引物1：5‘GAAGAGGAACGACGGAAAGC-3‘和引物2：5‘CGAACAGCCCACAGACAAGA-3‘）,进行马铃薯青枯病菌PCR特异性扩增试验。该试验合成的引物能从马铃薯青枯病菌总基因组的DNA和细菌纯培养,以及人工接种和自然发病的马铃薯块茎中特异性扩增青枯病菌hrp基因区段1993bp的分子片段。该试验结果为马铃薯青枯病菌的鉴定、检测及病害流行学研究提供了新的技术的方法。     

有机培肥条件下红壤区稻田土壤病毒多样性及其对生物地球碳循环的影响

【目的】探究不同有机培肥条件下稻田土壤病毒多样性、群落结构特征及其差异,为揭示病毒与寄主协同进化关系,以及病毒微生态系统驱动生物地球碳循环过程提供理论基础。【方法】长期定位试验开始于1981年,试验设置6个处理,每处理3次重复,试验处理分别为:(1)CK,不施肥;(2)NPK,单施化肥;(3)M1,早稻施绿肥;(4)M2,早稻施绿肥+早稻施猪粪;(5)M3,早稻施绿肥+晚稻施猪粪;(6)M4,早稻施绿肥+晚稻秸秆还田。2020年晚稻收获后,采集耕层(0~20 cm)土壤,通过宏病毒组测序平台、土壤常规理化分析等方法测定土壤宏病毒组以及土壤养分含量。【结果】红壤区稻田土壤病毒分布于37个科,微小病毒科(Microviridae)是红壤区稻田土壤主要的病毒类群。M3处理中长尾病毒科(Siphoviridae)、肌病毒科(Myoviridae)和痘病毒科(Poxviridae)丰度显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同),M2处理中微小病毒科和矮化病毒科(Nanoviridae)丰度显著高于其他处理。通过稻田土壤病毒宏基因组基因注释,鉴定出143个独特碳水化合物的运输和代谢基因,46个开放阅读框属于13种病毒辅助碳水化合物活性酶(CAZyme),其中糖苷水解酶最丰富,约占61.7%,其次为糖基转移酶。土壤病毒物种丰富度可在一定程度反映土壤pH、Mg2+含量和水稻产量的高低,病毒群落结构受p H、Mg2+含量等其他因素驱动。【结论】微小病毒科是红壤区稻田土壤主要的病毒类群,施用猪粪可显著提高土壤病毒群落结构和物种组成,病毒群落结构受土壤pH和Mg2+含量的显著影响。通过稻田土壤病毒宏基因组基因注释,在病毒体中检测到丰富的碳水化合物活性酶基因,主要分别属于糖苷水解酶类和糖苷转移酶,病毒编码的辅助代谢基因或代谢基因会改变细菌代谢,间接促进农业土壤的生物地球碳化学循环。     

Plasminogen is a critical host pathogenicity factor for group A streptococcal infection

Group A streptococci, a common human pathogen, secrete streptokinase, which activates the host's blood clot-dissolving protein, plasminogen. Streptokinase is highly specific for human plasminogen, exhibiting little or no activity against other mammalian species, including mouse. Here, a transgene expressing human plasminogen markedly increased mortality in mice infected with streptococci, and this susceptibility was dependent on bacterial streptokinase expression. Thus, streptokinase is a key pathogenicity factor and the primary determinant of host species specificity for group A streptococcal infection. In addition, local fibrin clot formation may be implicated in host defense against microbial pathogens.     

酸性硫酸钙对临床常见致病微生物的杀灭能力

[目的]研究消毒剂酸性硫酸钙(ACS)对微生物的杀灭效果,为用消毒剂防控人畜疫病提供基础数据和理论依据.[方法]将ACS与中和剂(3％卵磷脂、5％吐温-80的磷酸盐缓冲液)共孵育一段时间后,再分别加入大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)共培养一段时间,将与细菌的混合物涂布于营养琼脂平...     

生物素标记犬瘟热病毒DNA探针的制备与纯化

用以选择犬瘟热病毒ＲＮＡ的有关碱基顺序，设计ＤＮＡ探针，并在５＇末端偶关一个氨基连接分子：５×ＡＧＧＧＣＴＣＡ－ＧＧＴＡＧＴＣＣＡＧＣＡＡＴＧ３＇，共２３个碱基和一个氨基连接分子。ＮＨ２－ＤＮＡ探针在ＤＮＡ合成仪上合成。合成产物同生物素酰氨基已酸盐Ｎ－羟琥珀酰亚胺酯反应，反应物经高效硅胶薄层板纯化，得到生物素标记犬温热病毒ＤＮＡ探针。     

减蛋综合征1976病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其初步鉴定

采用经层析方法提纯的减蛋综合征１９７６（ＥＤＳ‘７６）病毒免疫ＢＬＡＢ／ｃ小鼠。最后一次加强免疫后第３ｄ制备脾脏细胞，然后用５０％的聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ，分子量４００）融合脾脏细胞和ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞。通过选择培养、特异性抗体检测、筛选和克隆詈笾票赋觯抵攴置诳固宓南赴辏停玻停常停保埃停保春停停保怠Ｎ⒘垦种剖匝椋ǎ龋桑┲っ鳎停保档タ寺】固寰哂醒种苹钚裕龋杉畚叮ǎ欤铮纾玻     

1型鸭肝炎病毒R株全基因组分析与检测技术的研究

 【目的】测定1型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV1）毒株R全基因组,建立鸭肝炎病毒1型巢式PCR与实时荧光定量RT-PCR。【方法】设计特异性引物测定DHV1毒株R全基因组,以3D为靶基因序列的引物P1和P2,P3 和P4进行巢式PCR,引物F和R进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR。【结果】序列分析发现该毒株与其它GenBank上发表的DHV1毒株基因组核苷酸序列同源性为94.2%～99.2%,编码聚合蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为98%～98.8%,表明DHV1-R株与其它DHV1毒株之间病毒基因组一级结构有较高的同源性。基因组结构5′UTR-VP0-VP3-VP1-2A1-2A2-2B-2C- 3A-3B-3C-3D-3′UTR在遗传进化关系上与副肠孤病毒属（Parechovirus）亲缘关系较近。参照鸭肝炎病毒1型基因序列设计特异性引物,分别进行巢式PCR和SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR 方法检测鸭肝炎病毒1型, 结果表明巢式PCR敏感性为6 pg&#8226;ml-1。实时荧光定量RT-PCR确定特异性产物的Tm值,同时做普通RT-PCR。试验结果表明,特异性产物的Tm值为85.6℃,最低能检测到含0.015 fg&#8226;μl-1 阳性质粒标准品。【结论】建立的巢式PCR与SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR 检测方法显示了较好的特异性、敏感性,为鸭肝炎病毒1型的临床检测和流行情况调查提供了新的技术手段。     

猪型布鲁氏菌Omp31基因的抗原表位预测与分析

 布鲁氏菌的外膜蛋白在维持细胞结构方面发挥着重要作用,其中,有些外膜蛋白与细菌本身的毒性相关,成为了重要的抗原决定簇相关分子。Omp31分子就是猪型布鲁氏菌的一个重要的抗原表位分子,在研制亚单位疫苗方面有重要作用。本论文以猪型布鲁氏菌Omp31基因作为研究对象,利用DNAStar生物学软件对Omp31分子的立体结构、分子的表面可能性、亲水性、蛋白骨架区的柔韧性、分子的抗原指数进行了详细分析。结果显示：猪型布鲁氏菌Omp31分子一级结构的氨基酸序列中存在4段可能的抗原表位区段,其中,51~80氨基酸残基组成的区段和193~228氨基酸残基组成的区段的抗原指数较高,成为抗原决定簇的可能性很大。     

M蛋白基因shRNA抑制PRRSV在Marc145细胞中复制的研究

 【目的】通过靶向PRRSV基因组中的M基因的siRNA来抑制PRRSV在Marc145细胞中的复制。【方法】构建4个能转录小发夹RNA（shRNA）的质粒,将其与靶蛋白表达质粒共转染HEK293A细胞,观察荧光或进行半定量PCR;或将其转染Marc145细胞,感染PRRSV后进行IFA、TCID50和实时PCR检测。【结果】shRNA表达质粒对M融合蛋白表达的抑制率约为50％,使M真核质粒表达蛋白的mRNA水平降低54%～64%,表达的shRNA在PRRSV感染后48 h使病毒的TCID50和mRNA水平均降低到1/10～1/100倍,间接免疫荧光结果表明shRNA表达质粒转染孔的荧光细胞数显著减少。【结论】shRNA表达质粒特异性的抑制了靶蛋白M和PRRSV的复制,靶向PRRSV基因组M基因不同区域的siRNA可以作为控制该病毒传播的候选策略。     

Small DNA deletions creating avirulence in Streptococcus pyogenes

The M protein is the antigen on the surface of group A streptococci that allows these bacteria to resist phagocytosis. DNA encoding the M12 protein was cloned into Escherichia coli and used as an isotopically labeled hybridization probe to compare genomic DNA's isolated from M+ and M- isogenic cultures in an effort to elucidate the genetic basis of this variation. DNA's from two spontaneous, independent M- variants contained small (approximately 50 base pairs) deletions which were mapped to identical restriction fragments within or adjacent to the M protein coding sequence. Taken together with the pleiotropic nature of these deletions, this suggests that they define a regulatory switch.     

Human-proto-oncogene nucleotide sequences corresponding to the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus

The nucleotide sequences of the six regions within the normal human cellular locus (c-sis) that correspond to the entire transforming region of the simian sarcoma virus (SSV) genome (v-sis) were determined. The regions are bounded by acceptor and donor splice sites and, except for region 6, resemble exons. Region 6 lacks a 3' donor splice site and terminates -5 base pairs from the 3' v-sis-helper-viral junction. This is consistent with a model proposing that SSV was generated by recombination between proviral DNA of a simian sarcoma associated virus and proto-sis and that introns were spliced out subsequently from a fused viral-sis messenger RNA. This also suggests that the 3' recombination occurred within an exon of the woolly monkey (Lagothrix) genome. The open reading frames predicting the v-sis and c-sis gene products coincide with the stop codon of c-sis located 123 nucleotides into the fifth region of homology. The overall nucleotide homology was 91 percent with substitutions mainly in the third codon positions within the open reading frame and with greatest divergence within the untranslated 3' portion of the sequences. The predicted protein products for v-sis and c-sis are 93 percent homologous. The predicted c-sis gene product is identical in 31 of 31 amino acids to one of the published sequences of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus, c-sis encodes one chain of human platelet-derived growth factor.     

A G1 glycoprotein epitope of La Crosse virus: a determinant of infection of Aedes triseriatus

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have specific vector-vertebrate host cycles in nature. The molecular basis of restriction of virus replication to a very limited number of vector species is unknown, but the present study suggests that viral attachment proteins are important determinants of vector-virus interactions. The principal vector of La Crosse (LAC) virus is the mosquito Aedes triseriatus, and LAC virus efficiently infects the mosquito when ingested. However, a variant (V22) of LAC virus, which was selected by growing the virus in the presence of a monoclonal antibody, was markedly restricted in its ability to infect Ae. triseriatus when it was ingested. Only 15% of the mosquitoes that ingested V22 became infected and 5% of these developed disseminated infections. In contrast, 89% of the mosquitoes that ingested LAC became infected and 74% developed disseminated infections. When V22 was passed three times in mosquitoes by feeding, a revertant virus, V22M3, was obtained that infected 85% of Ae. triseriatus ingesting this virus. In addition, V22M3 regained the antigenic phenotype and fusion capability of the parent LAC virus. These results suggest that the specificity of LAC virus-vector interactions is markedly influenced by the efficiency of the fusion function of the G1 envelope glycoprotein operating at the midgut level in the arthropod vector.     

H9N2亚型AIV NA基因多聚腺苷酸化信号位点对病毒复制的影响

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒NA基因vRNA 5′端的多聚腺苷酸化信号位点具有多样性,突变发生时,该位点失去与聚合酶的结合能力或结合能力减弱,阻碍多聚腺苷酸化过程,影响病毒mRNA的转录过程。为探究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒NA基因5′端多聚腺苷酸化信号位点处5个或6个连续的尿嘧啶(U₅或U₆)碱基对病毒生物学特性的影响,以一株四川分离株A/Chicken/China/Sichuan/CQY/2014(H9N2)为骨架的反向遗传系统构建突变株。结果显示,含U₅的H9N2突变株(rCQYU₅-H9N2)的血凝效价、TCID₅₀和EID₅₀滴度均高于含U₅的H9N2突变株(rCQYU6-H9N2),但生长曲线无显著差异,表明H9N2 NA基因5′端多聚腺苷酸化信号位点U₅或U₆结构均不影响病毒的拯救,但U₅有助于提高病毒在鸡胚与细胞中的复制滴度。本实验研究结果可为H9N2亚型禽流感病...     

Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is tropic for human T cells with the helper-inducer phenotype, as defined by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for the T4 molecule. Treatment of T4+ T cells with monoclonal antibodies to T4 antigen blocks HTLV-III/LAV binding, syncytia formation, and infectivity. Thus, it has been inferred that the T4 molecule itself is a virus receptor. In the present studies, the surfaces of T4+ T cells were labeled radioactively, and then the cells were exposed to virus. After the cells were lysed, HTLV-III/LAV antibodies were found to precipitate a surface protein with a molecular weight of 58,000 (58K). By blocking and absorption experiments, this 58K protein was identified as the T4 molecule. No cell-surface structures other than the T4 molecule were involved in the antibody-antigen complex formation. Two monoclonal antibodies, each reactive with a separate epitope of the T4 molecule, were tested for their binding capacities in the presence of HTLV-III/LAV. When HTLV-III/LAV was bound to T4+ T cells, the virus blocked the binding of one of the monoclonal antibodies, T4A (OKT4A), but not of the other, T4 (OKT4). When HTLV-III/LAV was internally radiolabeled and bound to T4+ T cells which were then lysed, a viral glycoprotein of 110K (gp110) coprecipitated with the T4 molecule. The binding of gp110 to the T4 molecule may thus be a major factor in HTLV-III/LAV tropism and may prove useful in developing therapeutic or preventive measures for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.     

细胞和病毒活疫苗中支原体污染的PCR检测方法建立与应用

[目的]在生物学研究及生物制品生产中易发生支原体污染,针对我国当前支原体检验方法在时效性和敏感性上的不足,建立一种简便快速、特异敏感的支原体检验PCR方法.[方法]从SILVA数据库下载包含全部细菌、古菌和真菌的核糖体rRNA小亚基(16S/18S,SSU)参考序列的库文件SILVA_123-SSURef,从中提取全部...     

Three-dimensional structure of the adenovirus major coat protein hexon

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the adenovirus major coat protein is presented. Adenovirus type 2 hexon, at 967 residues, is now the longest polypeptide whose structure has been determined crystallographically. Taken with our model for hexon packing, which positions the 240 trimeric hexons in the capsid, the structure defines 60% of the protein within the 150 X 10(6) dalton virion. The assembly provides the first details of a DNA-containing animal virus that is 20 times larger than the spherical RNA viruses previously described. Unexpectedly, the hexon subunit contains two similar beta-barrels whose topology is identical to those of the spherical RNA viruses, but whose architectural role in adenovirus is very different. The hexon structure reveals several distinctive features related to its function as a stable protective coat, and shows that the type-specific immunological determinants are restricted to the virion surface.     

Characterization and molecular cloning of a human parvovirus genome

The genome of the small human virus serologically associated with erythrocyte aplasia and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is shown to be a linear, nonpermuted, single-stranded DNA molecule with self-priming hairpin termini, properties which are characteristic of the genomes of the family Parvoviridae. This human parvovirus chromosome was molecularly cloned into bacterial plasmid vectors and the cloned DNA was used to explore its relatedness to other mammalian parvovirus serotypes by DNA:DNA hybridization. It is not related to the human adeno-associated viruses but does show a distant evolutionary relationship to genomes of the helper-independent parvoviruses of rodents. This strongly suggests that it is an autonomous parvovirus, and as such is the first example of a member of this group of common animal pathogens to cause disease in man.