苗圃转让

今年顺义区苗圃绿化、美化苗木达1120多种、1．12亿株。其中油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、桧柏、侧柏等常绿树13157亩，1650万株，占育苗总面积的23％；连翘、碧桃、榆叶梅、紫叶李、紫蔽、紫荆、月季、玫瑰、黄刺梅、黄杨、女贞等花灌木5468亩，1455万株，占育苗总面积的10％；白腊、元宝枫、栾树、国槐、银杏、合欢、龙爪槐、杜仲、千头椿、金丝柳、各种品种杨等落叶乔木37375亩，8095万株，占育苗总面积的67％。     

大丽花块根繁育和栽培技术

大丽花(Dahlia pinnata Cav)菊科，大丽花属，多年生草本，原产墨西哥，又名大丽菊、大理花、天竺牡丹、西番莲、地瓜花，具有植株粗壮、花期长、花朵硕大，品种繁多、花色鲜艳、适应性强等特点。是美化公园，布置庭院、花坛、花境以及切花陈设的较好花卉材料。大丽花为世界名花之一，目前世界约有3万多个品种，我国有500余品种。     

木棉嫁接繁育技术

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术.     

One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis

To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.     

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.     

环保杀虫装饰涂料

蚊子、苍蝇、螳螂、臭虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁之类害虫,在家庭、工厂、办公室、医院、学校、酒店等地,随处可见,无处不入.这些昆虫不但给人们的生活带来很多烦恼,更重要的是,他们导致疾病传播,从而严重危害人们的身体健康.所以,根除害虫,改变居住环境,早已成为人们关注的问题.     

减肥即食营养大米

肥胖是一种常见的慢性疾病,它是由于生理化机能的改变而引起的体内脂肪沉积量过多,造成体重增加,导致机体发生一系列病理、生理变化的病症.肥胖症是一种全身性代谢疾病,除引起身体外形的改变外,过多的脂肪可带来物理性的负荷,还是各种疾病的"培养箱".肥胖人群平均寿命明显低于正常体重的人群,同时肥胖症还是心血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肿瘤的温床,它是一种营养代谢性疾病.减肥首先必须从能量的摄入入手,减少热能的吸收.     

聚氯乙烯合金生产技术

当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Multi-Objective Genetic Based Pore Combination Recognition

This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given.     

Discussion on Spatial Optimization Modeling of Water Resource Conservation Forests and Management Practice of Forest Functions

According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests.     

无性繁殖的进展及其在无性系林业中应用前景

本文对无性繁殖的历史、传统的无性繁殖技术(扦插、压条和嫁接繁殖)、现代组织培养繁殖法(器官培养、愈伤组织或细胞培养、原生质体培养、单倍体培养)进行了全面的综述,对无性繁殖的主要限制因子及可能的解决方法进行了讨论。     

Natural regeneration in oak wilt centers

Openings, 0.2 ha and less, and 3–12 years old, caused by the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum had abundant oak reproduction, averaging 4700 stems per ha. Species of other woody reproduction made up over 27 000 stems per ha. Seedling sprouts comprised 54%, seedlings 30%, and stumps sprouts the remainder of the reproduction. No infections were found except a few on stump sprouts of diseased oak stumps. Oakhickory reproduction was abundant on all site qualities, but especially so on the poorer sites with over 8000 stems per ha. Sugar maple reproduction was much more abundant on high quality sites, also with over 8000 stems per ha. The reproduction in the oak wilt openings was judged to be similar to that of selection cuttings in disease-free but otherwise similar stands, and should respond in like manner.     

林木无性繁殖及其在遗传改良中的地位

本文对无性繁殖在林木遗传改良中的地位主及其主要优缺点作了评述。尤其对针叶树在混合无性繁殖条件下遗传结构的改变及欺 后果作了讨论，并提出无性繁殖中的问题和应采取的对策。     

荷花、睡莲根段繁殖试验

为了研究水生观赏植物的繁殖方法,对宝鸡植物园的荷花、睡莲进行了根段繁殖试验,结果表明:(1)根段繁殖与分株繁殖相比,繁殖植株数量多;与播种繁殖相比,生长快,经过幼苗阶段很快进入营养生长或生殖生长期。(2)荷花根段繁殖,当年可生出主藕、子藕、孙藕,当年成活株中70%可开花供观赏。而睡莲根段繁殖,当年能生根、发叶,但未形成供下次繁殖的地下茎,也未形成花器。     

西藏喜马拉雅红豆杉的分布及繁殖技术初探

阐述喜马拉雅红豆杉在西藏的分布及其生物生态学特性,以及繁殖方法,提出就地建立自然保护小区和异地繁殖培育增加资源总量等建议。     

刺五加繁殖生态学研究生殖配置(英文)

在东北林业大学帽儿山生态站的天然次生林里（４５°２３′～４５°２６′Ｎ，１２７°３６′～１２７°３９′Ｅ）对刺五加的生殖配置进行研究，发现刺五加每年分配给有性繁殖的能量和无性繁殖的能量与植物总能量的百分比分别是年龄的幂函数，只是幂指数不同，ｂ有性＝０．８７４０，小于１；ｂ无性＝２．１９９２，大于１．这种关系表明在样本覆盖的年龄范围内（５～１５年），刺五加分配给无性繁殖的能量逐年递增得较快，分配给有性繁殖的能量逐年递增得较慢．由此可以推测林下刺五加随着林分稳定性增加，逐渐以无性繁殖为主．根据研究结果，建议在天然次生林下对刺五加进行采挖时不要把根茎全部取走，应留下一部分，使其保持天然更新的能力．同时，对根茎需要适当切割，促进芽转化为无性小株，有利于更新     

Influence of individual reserve trees on nearby reproduction in two-aged Appalachian hardwood stands

In the 1970s, public opposition to clearcut harvesting in hardwood forests of the eastern United States led forest managers and scientists to consider alternative practices that retain a low-density overstory forest cover. From 1979 to 1984, a form of clearcut-with-reserves harvesting was applied in 80-year-old Appalachian mixed-hardwoods to create four experimental stands with two-aged structures. The residual stand basal area averaged 5.3 m²/ha, comprising an average of 36 reserve trees/ha. The reserve trees were evenly distributed throughout the stand, initially with considerable space between their crowns, thus providing the sunlight and seedbed conditions needed to recruit desirable shade-intolerant reproduction after harvest. This study examined the response of the 100-year-old reserve trees and the development of the 20-year-old natural reproduction located in their immediate vicinity.Diameter at breast height (Dbh), height, and relative position were recorded for all reproduction ≥2.5 cm within transects adjacent to northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) reserve trees. Each transect was divided into five zones, which represented positions relative to the reserve tree crown edge, and basal area was computed for each of three shade tolerance classes within each zone. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare basal area of reproduction by tolerance classes and zone. In general, basal area of reproduction, particularly that of shade-intolerant species, increased with distance from the reserve tree. Regression analyses also indicated that dbh and height of reproduction was positively related to distance from the reserve trees. Although height growth of reserve trees was similar for both species, northern red oak exhibited significantly greater dbh and crown radial growth than yellow-poplar.The results indicated that reserve trees influence the growth rate and species composition of reproduction in their immediate vicinity. Basal area of reproduction increased from 10.1 to 17.7 m²/ha with increasing distance from the reserve trees. Basal area of intolerant species more than doubled along the same gradient. Basal area of reproduction in the two-age stands was 30–40% less than that observed in even-aged stands on similar growing sites, but the reduction was offset by growth of the reserve trees. The surface area covered by the reserve tree crowns increased approximately 88% for northern red oak and 44% for yellow-poplar. Since the sphere of influence of reserve trees increases over time, forest managers must consider their long-term impact on reproduction when prescribing clearcut-with-reserves harvests and other practices that involve retaining trees for many years.     

乌腺金丝桃茎尖离体培养基激素配比筛选

为寻求乌腺金丝桃的高效人工繁殖方法,以乌腺金丝桃茎尖作为外植体,筛选初代诱导、继代增殖、生根培养3个阶段的最佳培养基激素配方。结果得出,把经过消毒后的乌腺金丝桃茎尖切割成0.3 mm、周围带2~3个叶原基,转入MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+LH 500 mg/L培养基,分化率达到100%,能诱导出大量的健壮不定芽;然后将这些不定芽切割成1 cm小段转入MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+GA_3 1.0 mg/L培养基,增殖效果最好;经过2~3次的继代增殖后,将增殖的大量苗木切割成2 cm小段转入到1/2 MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L生根培养基中,生根效果最佳,平均根数达到4.6,且根系粗壮,有利于今后出瓶移栽。     

对废纸再生的几点思考

结合当前纸业原料结构和我国生态保护的现状 ,分析了废纸再生的重要意义。简要介绍了国际、国内废纸再生的发展概况 ,并对我国废纸再生事业的发展提出了几点建议。     

攀枝花麻疯树生殖年龄问题的初步研究

本文研究了不同立地条件麻疯树生殖年龄的问题。研究表明。土壤厚度和群落环境是影响林分生殖年龄的主要因素,前者影响了土壤水分和营养元素供给,后者影响了更新个体的光能利用。表明,生殖是一个营养问题,是营养生长到一定阶段的产物,受到个体发育的立地条件调控。还提出了麻疯树林分促成结实的管理措施。