农业部调整黄渤海区刺网休渔时间

<正>近日,农业部发布通告,决定将黄渤海区刺网休渔时间调整为6月1日12时至9月1日12时,东海区、南海区刺网休渔政策暂不变更。调整后的伏季休渔规定,自2014年1月1日起施行。休渔海域渤海、黄海、东海及北纬12度以北的南海(含北部湾)海域。休渔作业类型(一)"闽粤海域交界线"以北的渤海、黄海、东海海域:除钓具外的所有作业类型。(二)北纬12度至"闽粤海域交界线"的南海海域(含北部湾):除单层刺网和钓具外的所有作业类型。     

要闻速览

6月1日黄渤海海域和东海海域进入休渔期,除钓具作业以外的所有渔船全部进港休渔。根据农业部通告,北纬35度以北的渤海和黄海海域休渔时间为6月1日12时至9月1日12时;北纬35度至26度30分的黄海和东海海域的休渔时间为6月1日12时至9月16日12时;北纬26度30分至"闽粤海域交界线"的东海海域休渔时间为5月16日12时至8月1日12时。     

2001年莱州湾水质监测报告

地州湾历史上水质优良,基础生产力水平较高,渔业资源半富,是黄、渤海区重要的渔业水域之一。对该海域水质的监测是我站延续多年的项目。已历时！0余载,其目的是掌握议州湾这一重要渔业水域内的环境质迢变化情况,为莱州湾乃至整个渤海的污染监测、分析及综合整治提供科学依据。现将2001年的监测情况报告如下:     

大连旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源调查

旅顺渤海侧沿海没有虾夷扇贝资源,但是每年的5月中旬-6月中旬出现虾夷扇贝幼虫,使该海域形成采苗场.2006-2007年笔者通过在虾夷扇贝主要增养殖海区投放漂流瓶跟踪移动方向,监测浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布等方法,调查了旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫来源.结果表明,2006年4月30日、2007年4月8日和4月28日,在獐子岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率分别为7.5%、14.0%和17.2%,其中在獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海回收的比例分别为6.0%、10.4%和4.0%.2006年4月6日,大钦岛海域投放的漂流瓶,回收率为13.0%,在旅顺渤海侧回收率为0%.獐子岛至旅顺渤海侧沿海设置10～12个站位,调查浮游幼虫数量及个体大小分布,结果表明,进入5月中旬以后随着时间的推移,幼虫向旅顺渤海侧沿海集中,而且大个体幼虫的比例增加.调查结果证明,旅顺渤海侧沿海虾夷扇贝幼虫主要来自黄海北部增养殖海区.     

农业农村部安排部署渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作

<正>本刊讯7月23日,农业农村部办公厅发布《关于做好渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作的通知》(以下简称《通知》),要求沿渤海各级渔业主管部门深入贯彻落实《渤海综合治理攻坚战行动计划》有关要求,扎实推进渤海渔港环境综合整治及渔船污染治理工作,确保各项任务目标按期完成。《通知》提出,开展渤海渔港环境综合整治和渔船污染防治工作,沿     

近年渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐的时空变化特征

渤海封闭性强,水动力条件和自净能力较弱,其生态系统较为敏感和脆弱。2011年位于渤海中部的蓬莱19-3油田发生重大溢油事故,对渔业生态环境和渔业资源造成了严重影响。为了解和掌握该起溢油污染事故发生后渔业生态环境的变化状况,分别于2012?2014年在渤海中部海域进行了9个航次的生态环境跟踪调查。利用其中部分调查资料,作者对渤海中部活性磷酸盐的时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析探讨。结果显示,(1)2012?2014年春季和夏季渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐含量符合第二类海水水质标准要求,秋、冬季部分海域已受到活性磷酸盐的污染。(2)不同季节渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐的平面分布趋势各异,垂直分布也存在季节差异。春季和夏季活性磷酸盐呈现由表层至底层递减的趋势,秋季和冬季接近呈垂直分布均匀状态。(3)渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐平均含量季节变化明显,其含量顺序由高到低依次为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季,冬季明显高于夏季。2014年渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐含量低于2013年,呈逐年降低趋势。(4)渤海中部海域活性磷酸盐时空变化受到诸多因素的影响,营养盐的外源补充、内源再生和生物消耗是影响活性磷酸盐时空变化的最重要因素。     

渤海中部海域表层沉积物磷形态及潜在生物可利用磷分布特征

磷是海洋浮游植物生长和繁殖所必需的重要生源要素，也是海洋初级生产力和食物链的基础元素，沉积物中能参与界面交换的生物可利用磷（Bioavailable phosphorus, BAP）的潜在含量取决于沉积物中磷的形态，而渤海中部区域的相关研究较少。因此本文以渤海中部海域的5个区域（唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海海峡、渤海西南部海域）为研究对象，采用分级浸取法，测定了23个采样点的沉积物样品中磷的组分、含量，并计算潜在BAP含量，研究分析了其分布特性及影响因素。结果表明：渤海中部海域表层沉积物中无机磷（Inorganic phosphorus, IP）是渤海中部海域表层沉积物中总磷（Total phosphorus, TP）的主要存在形式，唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海海峡、渤海西南部海域这五个区域沉积物中IP含量平均分别占其 TP含量的78.39%、79.06%、71.46%、84.60%、81.46%，而有机磷（Organic phosphorus, OP）则均占较小的比例。IP均以碎屑磷（Detrital phosphorus, De-P）为主要赋存形态，平均分别占TP的54.02%、52.12%、33.33%、69.41%、57.28%，IP中各形态磷的含量顺序为：碎屑磷（Detrital phosphorus, De-P）>?闭蓄态磷（Occluded phosphorus, Oc-P）>铁/铝吸附态磷（Fe and Al oxidation state phosphorus, Fe/Al-P）>弱吸附态磷（Exchangeable phosphorus, Ex-P）>钙结合态磷（Calcium-bound phosphorus, Ca-P）。河流输入、沉积物粒度和沉积环境是影响渤海中部海域表层沉积物中不同形态磷含量及分布的主要因素。根据沉积物中潜在的BAP含量分析表明，唐山沿岸、秦皇岛沿岸、渤海东北部海域、渤海西南部海域表层沉积物中潜在的BAP含量平均分别占 TP 的44.77%、46.94%、64.87%、40.54%，具备较强的向水体中释放磷的潜力。为渤海中部海域有效地提供沉了积物环境的相关信息。     

渤海海域渔业民俗浅析

正我国河流丰富,水系发达,共拥有四大海域,其中渤海海域地处北方,三面环陆,在天津、河北、山东、辽宁一市三省之间,是我国开发较早的海域,也是中华文明的发祥地之一,具有丰富的历史文化。俗话说靠水吃水,指的便是捕鱼,渤海海域的     

东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种分类多样性研究

根据南海东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种种类组成的历史资料,系统整理了鱼类物种组成,并计算了东沙海域的平均分类差异指数(△+)和分类差异变异指数(∧+).结果显示,东沙珊瑚礁海域共记录鱼类18目,68科,173属,403种,鲈形目鱼类占绝对优势.△+约为55.2,低于黄、渤海、长江口和东海陆架海域(P＜0.01),∧+约为110,低于黄、渤海、长江口(P＜0.01)和东海陆架海域(P>0.05).大尺度上,一般纬度越低,中国海洋鱼类△+越小,表明珊瑚礁鱼类群落物种的亲缘关系要比陆架和河口区域的接近.     

七部门联合印发 《重点海域综合治理攻坚战行动方案》

本刊讯 2月10日,生态环境部、发展改革委、自然资源部、住房和城乡建设部、交通运输部、农业农村部和中国海警局联合印发《重点海域综合治理攻坚战行动方案》(以下简称"《行动方案》"),明确了"十四五"时期渤海、长江口-杭州湾和珠江口邻近海域等三大重点海域综合治理攻坚行动的总体要求、主要目标,并对重点任务和保障措施等作出了部...     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

Imported ornamental fish are colonized with antibiotic‐resistant bacteria

There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.     

Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load

This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.     

Nitrogenous waste excretion and accumulation of urea and ammonia inChalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey)

The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I^–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg^–1 fish·h^–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g^–1·ml^–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min^–1·g^–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min^–1·g^–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.     

Influence of the antibacterial herbs, Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia on the survival, growth and bacterial load of Penaeus monodon post larvae

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 10³ to 3.76 × 10⁵ cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 10⁵ cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.