鸡传染性腺胃炎的诊断与防治

鸡传染性病毒性腺胃炎是以腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头出血溃疡为主要特征的传染病,该病多发生于雏鸡,主要表现为生长停滞和消瘦,剖捡可见特征性腺胃炎变化胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,胰腺坏死。本文就该病的流行病学,病理变化,临床症状,鉴别诊断及防治措施做了叙述,为养殖户有效诊断和防治鸡传染性腺胃炎提供参考。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的流行及病因分析

鸡传染性腺胃炎是一种由多种原因引起的鸡腺胃综合征,主要以鸡的生长缓慢或阻滞、腺胃肿大充血、腺胃乳头出血、溃疡甚至糜烂为特征的传染性疾病。鸡传染性腺胃炎的病原较复杂,可能主要有禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒、冠状病毒、鸡痘病毒及霉菌毒素等构成。一般认为该病的发生由病毒、霉菌及细菌等多种因素协同作用。由于病因尚无定论,加之该病防制困难,给养禽业造成了重大的经济损失。文章就鸡传染性腺胃炎几个主要的发病原因进行分析和叙述。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的防治

正鸡传染性腺胃炎是以鸡生长迟缓、苍白消瘦,腺胃肿大、肌胃糜烂为主要特征的疾病。发病鸡病程长,生产性能差,发病期间出现严重过料现象,对饲养户的经济效益影响极大,笔者就临床经验对该病防治进行简要阐述,以供参考。1发病特点鸡传染性腺胃炎可发生于不同品种、不同日龄的蛋鸡和肉鸡,以雏鸡多发且严重。本病无明显季节性,一年四季均可发生,但以秋、冬季最为严重,呈散发,传播速度较快。本病虽死亡率不高,但是治疗后的鸡群会     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的诊断与防制

传染性腺胃炎是一种以鸡生长不良,消瘦,整齐度差,腺胃肿大呈乳白色球状,腺胃黏膜溃疡、脱落,肌胃糜烂为主要特征的疾病。近期肉鸡传染性腺胃炎的发病率呈上升趋势。发病鸡死亡率低、病程长、死淘率高,给养殖业造成了很大的损失。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎诊断与防治

鸡传染性腺胃炎是一种病毒性传染病,由传染性腺胃炎病毒感染引起,临床上以腺胃肿大,腺胃乳头出血,出现溃疡病灶为主要特征。该病传播速度较快,但造成的死亡率相对较低,会对鸡的生长发育构成不良影响,表现为生长停止,身体逐渐消瘦,解剖可见特征性腺胃炎症病变,胸腺和法氏囊显著萎缩,胰腺坏死。传染性腺胃炎发病时间较长,有时长达20～50 d,若并发感染其他传染性疾病或受到应激刺激会造成患病鸡临床症状加重,死亡率显著升高。近年来鸡传染性腺胃炎在河南省家禽养殖领域呈现逐渐升高的态势,很多养殖户面临严重的经济损失,养殖管理人员需要高度重视,加强防范。该文探讨了鸡传染性腺胃炎的流行病学、诊断方法和防治措施。     

传染性腺肌胃炎防治

鸡传染性腺胃炎是一种以鸡采食量低,生长不良、消瘦、整齐度差,粪便过料等外观症状以及腺胃肿大如球状,腺胃黏膜溃疡、脱落、肌胃糜烂为主要特征的流行病,该病多发生于雏鸡,发病鸡群病死率可达30%~50%,并且病程长、死淘率高,发生率呈上升趋势.     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的临床诊断和治疗

鸡传染性腺胃炎是以生长发育不良、消瘦、整齐度差、腺胃肿大如乳白色球状,胃腺黏膜溃疡、脱落、肌胃糜烂为主要特征的传染性病。传染性腺胃炎在某些地方称其为腺胃性传染性支气管炎（简称腺胃性传支）。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎病因研究进展及协同作用分析

自1994年以来,在我国江苏、山东等地先后流行一种以腺胃肿胀、腺胃乳头溃疡为特征的传染病,现已蔓延至全国许多养鸡地区。本病多发生于雏鸡,主要表现生长停滞、羽毛生长不良和消瘦;剖检除较常见的腺胃炎变化外,还可见胸腺、法氏囊萎缩,胰腺坏死。常因继发感染而造成大批死亡。由于病因复杂,故该病有“鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎”、“鸡传染性腺胃炎”、“鸡病毒性腺胃炎”等多种称呼。     

呼肠孤病毒在鸡传染性腺胃炎病例中存在情况的研究

腺胃肿大为鸡传染性腺胃炎的主要特征,我国多个地区有该病发生,本研究用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测采集于山东省青岛、枣庄、泰安等地区鸡传染性腺胃炎腺胃样品中的呼肠孤病毒抗原,结果上述地区检测阳性率分别在75%、60%、50%,表明上述地区发生的传染性腺胃炎病鸡腺胃中存在呼肠孤病毒。     

呼肠孤病毒在鸡传染性腺胃炎病例中存在情况的研究

腺胃肿大为鸡传染性腺胃炎的主要特征,我国多个地区有该病发生,本研究用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测采集于山东省青岛、枣庄、泰安等地区鸡传染性腺胃炎腺胃样品中的呼肠孤病毒抗原,结果上述地区检测阳性率分别在75％、60％、50％,表明上述地区发生的传染性腺胃炎病鸡腺胃中存在呼肠孤病毒。     

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: immunohistochemical characterization of the lymphocytes infiltrating the proventricular glands

Broiler chickens with transmissible proventriculitis have severe lymphocytic infiltration of the proventricular glands. The distribution of T cells and B cells in these infiltrates was studied histopathologically, and their identity was confirmed immunohistochemically (CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cells). To reproduce this disease, 1-day-old commercial boilers were orally gavaged with homogenized proventriculi from broilers with proventriculitis. Resulting lesions were examined at both acute (7 days postinoculation [i]) and chronic (14 and 21 dpi) time points. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and the mucosal lamina propria were present at all time points and were most prominent and demarcated at 14 dpi. T and B lymphocytes were present during acute and chronic proventriculitis, but their distribution varied within the glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and in the lamina propria were predominantly CD3+T cells, and most of these were also CD8+. B cells and CD4+ T cells formed aggregates in chronic proventriculitis. Thus, both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced during transmissible proventriculitis, and the cell-mediated immune response is morphologically greater.     

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: effects of immunosuppression

Proventriculitis in broilers causes carcass condemnation when swollen proventriculi tear during evisceration. The cause of this proventriculitis is unknown, but several infectious agents have been associated with it. One such agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has been implicated as a cause of proventriculitis, but a direct effect of this virus on the proventriculus has not been proven. The role of IBDV in proventriculitis may be indirect as a result of its ability to cause immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to understand how immunosuppression affects the incidence of proventriculitis in broiler chickens. Immunosuppression was induced in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens using chemicals (cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin) or virus (IBDV). All groups were then exposed to a proventricular homogenate produced from diseased birds. At 7 and 14 days postinoculation, the incidence of proventriculitis in these groups was compared to that produced by homogenate exposure in immunocompetent broilers. All birds exposed to the proventricular homogenate from diseased birds developed proventriculitis. Cyclophosphamide and IBDV, both B cell suppressors, did not significantly affect the incidence or characteristics of the proventriculitis observed, although they did have an effect on the size of the proventriculus at 7 days postinoculation. Chickens immunosuppressed with cyclosporin, a T cell suppressor, developed more severe lesions and had a higher incidence of proventriculitis. These findings indicate that both B and T cells are involved in the immune response against proventriculitis, but cell-mediated immunity appears to have a more important role in controlling the disease. IBDV affects both humoral and cellular immunity in the chicken, so although under experimental conditions it didn't have a major effect on proventriculitis, it may explain why control of IBDV in the field seems to reduce the incidence of proventriculitis.     

鸡传染性病毒性腺胃炎研究进展

鸡传染性病毒性腺胃炎是一种以腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头出血溃疡为主要特征的传染病,该病多发生于雏鸡,主要表现为生长停滞和消瘦,剖检除较常见的腺胃炎变化外,还可见胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,胰腺坏死。该病的临床症状、病理变化表现不尽相同,病原众说不一。文章就该病的病原学、流行病学、病理变化、临床症状以及鉴别诊断做了综述。     

鸡腺胃炎病因学研究进展

鸡腺胃炎以鸡采食量下降、生长阻滞、腺胃肿大、拉料便等为主要特征,一旦发病治疗效果不明显,给养鸡业带来了极大的经济损失。该病病因复杂,众说纷纭,具体病因尚无定论。本文就其临床表现、流行特点、组织病理学变化及国内外有关该病主要病因学的研究进展进行阐述,为临床上防治该病提供理论依据。     

Recently described scrapie-like encephalopathies of animals: case definitions.

Since 1986, naturally occurring scrapie-like encephalopathies have been described in the United Kingdom in domestic cattle, in five species of captive exotic bovids and in domestic cats. The disease in domestic cattle, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has been characterised by all currently available diagnostic criteria as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or 'prion' disease, and has been shown to have a dietary origin. The pathology in the other species is also entirely consistent with the scrapie-like diseases. The contemporaneous occurrence in the UK of such disease in these species suggests a close epidemiological association. The diagnostic criteria of the scrapie-like encephalopathies of animals are reviewed in the light of experience with the recent extension of their natural host range.     

中草药防治猪传染性胃肠炎的研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒引起的一种高度接触性肠道疾病。该病不仅可导致不同品种和各生长期的猪产生呕吐、腹泻和失水等临床症状,还具有传染性强、传播速度快的特点。因此,为了使猪传染性胃肠炎病得到有效的防治,文章主要从猪传染性胃肠炎的危害概况、中草药在猪传染性胃肠炎防治中的应用概况、中药防治猪传染性胃肠炎作用机理3个方面探讨了当前中草药防治猪传染性胃肠炎的研究进展,以期为兽医临床防治猪传染性胃肠炎提供理论依据。     

THE ISOLATION OF LENTOGENIC STRAINS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN AUSTRALIA

SUMMARY Twelve isolations of Newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens with conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. Nine of the Isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. The viruses were identified as Newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to Newcastle disease virus. The viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be lentogenic strains. There was no evidence that the Newcastle disease viruses were responsible for any of the clinical conditions from which they were isolated. The presence of other agents in 10 of the samples was indicated by reduced production of haemagglutinin in allantoic fluids of infected embryos, by deaths of infected embryos, by the production of cytopathic changes in avian cell cultures and by electron microscopy. Three isolations of infectious bronchitis virus, 2 of avian adenovirus and one of avian reovirus were made. Other samples were suspected of containing infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasmas, but these were not isolated. The Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and they were separated from the contaminating agents by haemagglutination and elution followed by passage at terminal dilution in chick embryos. No Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 60 caecal tonsils and 60 lung samples from 9-week-old broiler chickens. Eight lung samples yielded mycoplasmas that caused haemadsorption in chicken cell cultures. The mycoplasmas were probably Mycoplasma gallisepticum.     

Retrospective and prospective studies of transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Brazil

We investigated the occurrence and pathologic findings of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) associated with the chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in commercial broiler chickens in southeastern Brazil. Seventy-three broilers, 25–36 d old, with a history of reduced growth, were referred to our veterinary pathology services from 2013 to 2017. Broilers were clinically examined, weighed, and euthanized for postmortem examination. Broilers of different ages with proventricular histologic lesions were positive for CPNV by RT-PCR; however, the intensity of histologic lesions was higher among 33-d-old animals, and viral RNA detection was more frequent among those that were 28 d old. In the proventriculi of 35 of 73 (48%) broilers, lesions were characterized by glandular epithelial necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrates, and metaplasia of glandular epithelium to ductal epithelium. In 24 of 73 (36%) broilers with histologic TVP-compatible lesions, CPNV was detected by RT-PCR for the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Broilers with histologic lesions were lighter than expected compared to the Cobb 500 standard weight. TVP has not been reported previously in broiler chickens in Brazil, to our knowledge.