2，4—D、2甲4氯对沟叶结缕草草坪中天胡荽部分生理特性的影响

采用不同浓度的2，4-D与2甲4氯钠盐溶液分别对天胡荽进行了叶面喷施的杀灭处理，药后24h测定部分生理指标。结果表明：2，4-D处理使天胡荽叶片叶绿素与可溶性糖含量降低，2000mg/L的2甲4氯钠盐溶液处理亦使其降低；2，4-D与2甲4氯钠盐溶液处理使叶片质膜相对透性增加，若浓度高于500mg/L，天胡荽叶片相对含水量，叶片可溶性蛋白含量均下降。     

不同种类除草剂对燕麦幼苗生理生化指标的影响

通过盆栽试验测定了2,4-D丁酯、二甲·溴苯腈、氯氟吡氧乙酸和2甲4氯钠4种除草剂及其不同浓度对白燕2号燕麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明:除草剂能引起燕麦叶片生理特性的改变,随着药后时间的延长,POD、SOD酶活性呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势;CAT活性变幅较小,呈现先略降低,再升高的变化;MDA和可溶性糖含量逐渐上升且始终高于对照,高浓度氯氟吡氧乙酸(T9)处理在药后30d达到最高,分别为0.1540μmol/gFW和0.8277%。高浓度除草剂对燕麦苗期的胁迫作用显著大于低浓度。供试的4种除草剂中,2甲4氯钠对燕麦叶片POD、SOD活性和可溶性糖含量的影响较大,高浓度使它隆对MDA含量有显著影响,高浓度2,4-D丁酯对CAT活性影响较大,低浓度2,4-D丁酯、二甲·溴苯腈胁迫较小,对燕麦幼苗比较安全。     

喷施生长调节物对矮化香蕉果实生长及品质的影响

为了研究外源GA3和2,4-D处理对矮化香蕉果实生长和产量的作用效应,在开花期分别用100mg/L、200mg/L的GA3和2mg/L、5mg/L的2,4-D喷施处理矮化香蕉的果指。结果表明,100mg/L和200mg/L的GA3及5mg/L的2,4-D可以提高矮化香蕉果指的长度和显著促进果指径围增大,使果指的平均重量提高,具有提高单株果实产量的作用,但是会显著降低果实中的淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白质含量,而100mg/L的GA3和5mg/L的2,4-D处理还会显著降低果实中维生素C的含量,但低浓度的2,4-D(2mg/L)处理具有提高果实淀粉含量的正调控作用效应。因此,开花期对果指喷施GA3和2.4-D处理,具有促进矮化香蕉果指伸长和增粗的作用,提高其库容量,但会降低果实的品质性状。     

药用植物紫花地丁组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

以药用植物紫花地丁叶片和叶柄为外植体,经过不同灭菌处理等,进行紫花地丁组织培养与快繁技术的研究。结果表明,紫花地丁叶片用70%乙醇处理20 s、0.1%Hg Cl2处理6 min灭菌效果最佳,而叶柄的最佳灭菌条件为70%乙醇40 s+0.2%HgCl_24 min;叶片最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为2/3MS+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.8 mg/L,叶柄在MS+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L培养基上的诱导分化效果最好;MS+2,4-D 0.6 mg/L+6-BA 0.8 mg/L和MS+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L分别为叶片、叶柄诱导丛生芽和继代增殖的最佳培养基;最适生根培养基是1/2MS+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根率89%,移栽后,成活率高达95%。本研究成功建立了紫花地丁组织培养快繁体系,为其药用价值的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

2,4-D对盐藻生物量与物质积累的影响

为了研究2,4-D对杜氏盐藻生物量和物质积累的影响,试验采用向对数生长期的杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)中分别添加浓度为0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,5,10,25,50 mg/L植物激素2,4-D对其进行诱导培养,周期性收集藻细胞,对各阶段藻细胞中细胞密度、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素、总可溶性蛋白含量进行检测和比较。结果表明:在1个月的诱导期内,用0.1 mg/L 2,4-D处理不但能显著加快藻细胞的分裂速度,而且比对照组的生物量提高了22%,β-胡萝卜素的产量增加了7.8%;但该处理的叶绿素含量、总可溶性蛋白含量与其他处理组及对照组都没有明显的区别。     

无芒雀麦种子愈伤组织诱导技术的研究

以无芒雀麦成熟种子为材料,经能量为30keV、剂量为3.0×1017N+/cm2的氮离子注入处理后进行了愈伤组织诱导和分化的研究.结果表明:离子处理与未处理的种子的愈伤组织诱导率不同,经离子注入后的种子的愈伤组织诱导率及分化能力均高于未经离子注入处理的种子.2,4-D浓度为4mg/L、KT浓度为0.05mg/L时有利于种子诱导产生愈伤组织;MS+2mg/L 2,4-D+1.5mg/L6-BA中的愈伤组织分化率最高,达到52%.     

草坪阔叶杂草防除技术研究

在2000～2001年两年问,应用使它隆乳油、阔草克乳油、丁甲颗粒剂、杂8颗粒剂、2甲4氯钠盐、2,4-D丁酯六种选择性除草剂及其混剂对华中农业大学校园草坪杂草进行防除试验.结果表明使它隆、阔草克、72%2甲4氯、72%2,4-D乳油以及两种混剂对几种主要杂草防效比较好,30d的防效能达到100%,而且两种混剂有增效作用,扩大了除草剂的使用范围,比单独使用的防效有所提高.     

仙客来愈伤组织的诱导及其抗褐变的研究

该试验以仙客来的叶片、叶柄、花梗为外植体,分别以MS为基本培养基,并添加了不同种类和浓度的植物生长激素,对其进行愈伤组织的诱导.另外,还初步研究了活性炭(AC)、VC、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和黑暗培养对仙客来外植体抗褐变的作用.结果表明,以叶片为外植体诱导效率最高,叶柄、花梗次之.叶片愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为1/2MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L KT 0.25 mg/L;叶柄愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基是MS 6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA 2.5 mg/L;花梗愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基是MS 6-BA 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D0.5 mg/L.5种抗褐化处理方法中黑暗培养抗褐化效果最好.     

烯效唑对匍匐翦股颖的矮化作用及生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究充足水分(100%田间持水量)和限制水分(50%田间持水量)条件下4种不同浓度(20mg/L、40mg/L、60mg/L、80mg/L)烯效唑处理对匍匐翦股颖形态和生理指标的影响.结果表明:在2种不同水分条件下,4个烯效唑浓度处理均使匍匐翦股颖的株高明显降低,适宜的烯效唑处理浓度(40mg/L、60mg/L、80mg/L)使匍匐翦股颖的叶片明显变短,且作用效果与浓度有关;适宜浓度的烯效唑使匍匐翦股颖叶片中脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量和根系活力明显提高,抗旱性增强,且调控作用与水分状况有关;综合考虑作用效果和成本,在匍匐翦股颖草坪养护管理中烯效唑的推荐使用浓度为60mg/L.     

植物激素对2个紫花苜蓿品种再生体系的影响

采用MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的2,4-D、KT和NAA,对"盛世"和"甘农4号"2个紫花苜蓿品种进行了组织培养再生体系的研究。结果表明:下胚轴是愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体材料;2,4-D浓度增加对"甘农4号"紫花苜蓿出愈率影响不明显,但"盛世"紫花苜蓿的出愈率随着2,4-D浓度的增加呈显著升高趋势;2个品种的最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.3 mg/L KT+30g/L蔗糖+7.5 g/L琼脂;最适分化培养基为MS+KT0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L;最佳诱导生根的培养基为1/2 MS+NAA0.5 mg/L。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.