慢性应激后小鼠空间学习记忆功能及脑内BDNF表达的变化

目的 :研究慢性应激后小鼠海马和前脑皮层BDNF表达的变化,探讨小鼠学习记忆功能变化的机制。方法 :建立多因素慢性应激小鼠模型,通过Morris水迷宫检测小鼠空间学习记忆能力;免疫组织化学方法检测小鼠海马和前脑皮层BDNF表达水平的时序变化。结果:与对照组小鼠比较,慢性应激后即刻和24h组小鼠在水迷宫中的空间学习记忆能力明显减退(P<0.05,P<0.01),海马CA1、CA3、DG和前脑皮层BDNF的表达明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);而慢性应激后一周组小鼠的学习记忆能力有部分恢复,海马各区和前脑皮层BDNF的表达亦有所增加,无显著性差异。结论:BDNF在海马和前脑皮层表达的下调,可能与慢性应激后小鼠学习记忆功能的损伤有关。     

慢性应激模型中脾脏的相关研究概况

慢性应激会导致机体免疫抑制,脾脏是机体重要的免疫器官.论文对慢性应激模型中脾脏的相关研究进展进行阐述,分别简述了慢性应激和脾脏及其相互作用,慢性应激状态下动物脾脏的免疫机制,并讨论了 目前研究面临的问题和不足,以及对未来研究方向进行了合理分析和展望,以期为动物医学领域慢性应激和脾脏的相关研究提供参考.     

慢性应激对AA肉鸡生产性能和肉质的影响

 研究三种慢性应激因素包括社会隔离饲养,高密度饲养和频繁干扰饲养对肉鸡生产性能和肉质的影响。分别于饲养期的第6、7、8、9周末早8∶00对所有鸡进行胫长、胫围及体重的测量;于饲养期的第9周末屠宰所有鸡只,测定以下肉质指标：pH值、肉色、滴水损失、剪切力、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量。试验结果表明：(1)应激因素对肉鸡体重有一定影响。6周龄时各处理组间体重无显著差异,7周龄时频繁干扰组和散放组的肉鸡体重显著高于社会隔离组和高密度组,8周龄时频繁干扰组和散放组的肉鸡体重显著高于高密度组,9周龄时散放组肉鸡体重显著高于其它三组,社会隔离组肉鸡体重显著高于高密度组;应激因素对肉鸡胫围没有影响;应激因素对肉鸡胫长有一定影响。6、7、8周龄时各组间胫长差异不显著,9周龄时散放组胫长显著高于其它三组。(2)应激因素对肉鸡肉质有一定影响。各处理组肉鸡的pH值、剪切力、粗蛋白含量和肉色之间的差异都不显著;社会隔离组的滴水损失显著高于其它三组;散养组肉鸡的粗脂肪含量显著低于其他三组。     

肉鸡热应激及预防措施

近几年,随着肉鸡养殖的集约化、规模化发展以及全球性气温的普遍升高,肉鸡因热应激而导致的死亡越来越多,探索缓解热应激的有效措施,对促进肉鸡养殖业的健康发展,有着十分重要的意义。     

毛发皮质醇激素作为慢性应激评定指标的研究进展

将毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激程度的黄金标准具有前瞻性和创新性。毛发皮质醇激素不仅可用于检测及估计动物慢性应激程度,且有助于了解动物体生理病理过程,并及时制定行之有效的健康管理策略。血液、唾液、尿液及乳汁中皮质醇激素含量作为反映急性应激程度的模型,被用于检测和建立持续的皮质醇激素昼夜循环规律研究。而毛发作为一个很好的补充模型却可以回顾性地反映慢性应激程度。毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标不仅具有采样应激小、检测灵敏、方便的优点,而且是可遗传性状(h²=0.31),可以作为下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)活性标记,进而利用其解释遗传变异对慢性应激中HPA轴活性变化的影响程度。作者综述了皮质醇激素与动物体健康的关系,慢性应激下机体调节机理及遗传适应改变,慢性应激评定指标研究进展,毛发作为皮质醇激素研究模型的研究进展,以及毛发皮质醇激素作为反映慢性应激的生化指标的限制与未来面对的挑战。     

应激与蜜蜂

1应激与应激原刺激与应激密切相关,互为表里。欲知应激,先了解一下刺激及其特征。1.1刺激及其特征使机体组织发生反应的环境变化,就称为刺激。刺激具有3种特征:需达到一定强度才能引起反应;须有一定作用时间才会引起反应;刺激强弱变化愈快,刺激作用愈大。1.2应激与应激反应机体受到刺激后发生反应的特性,叫做应激性或兴奋性。应激性具有以下特点:随着机体代谢的增高,应激性增强;随着代谢的降低,应激性减弱。机体内环境偏于碱性时,应激性升高;偏于酸性时应激性降低。动物神经内分泌系统的精确调节,使机体内环境处于相对稳定的状态,简称内稳态…     

肉鸡运输应激与抗应激的观察研究

<正> 肉鸡运输应激是指在运输过程中,由于捕捉、断水、断食、挤压、离速气流、噪音、颠簸及过度疲劳等运输性应激,造成肉鸡减重,体温上升,甚至大批死亡等非特异性疾病。有的虽不死亡,但出现病残或肉质下降,对肉鸡生产造成重大经济损失,是目前迫     

慢性冷应激对断尾阿勒泰羔羊细胞因子mRNA表达量的影响

为了研究慢性冷应激对断尾阿勒泰羔羊IL-1(白细胞介素1)、IL-6(白细胞介素6)、IL-12(白细胞介素12)和IFNγ(γ-干扰素)mRNA表达量的影响。试验设置常温对照组(10～20℃)、温度一(-20～-10℃)和温度二(-30～-20℃),每组3只羔羊,分别在4、12、24 d后采集外周血液白细胞和脾脏组织。用荧光定量PCR技术对IL-1、IL-6、IL-12和IFNγmRNA含量变化情况进行检测。结果表明:冷应激后IL-6、IL-12 mRNA的表达量在外周血液白细胞和脾脏中上升。IL-1、IFNγm RNA的表达量在脾脏中上升,在-30～-20℃下外周血液白细胞中上升。说明断尾阿勒泰羔羊在寒冷环境下,体内细胞因子含量总体出现上升趋势,冷应激会造成断尾阿勒泰羔羊机体内出现炎症等损伤。     

高温胁迫下紫花苜蓿多胺含量与耐热性的关系

我国缺乏适宜在南方高温地区生长的优质紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种,研究紫花苜蓿耐热性具有重要意义。多胺与植物逆境胁迫响应密切相关。本试验以高秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种‘赛迪10’、低秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种‘阿尔冈金’和适应云南干热河谷的‘德钦’紫花苜蓿为研究材料,研究腐胺、亚精胺、精胺含量在胁迫温度35℃/30℃(白天/夜晚)条件下105天内的变化,分析多胺与紫花苜蓿耐热性之间的关系。结果表明,紫花苜蓿的腐胺和精胺含量在高温胁迫下先升后降,期间低秋眠级品种的腐胺和精胺含量较高,高秋眠级品种的精胺含量开始下降的时间比低秋眠级品种早大约21天;紫花苜蓿的亚精胺含量在高温胁迫下变化有所不同,高秋眠级品种的亚精胺含量会有所增加,而低秋眠级品种则显著下降,累计增长率分别为16.81%和-26.21%。‘德钦’紫花苜蓿与‘阿尔冈金’同为低秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种,但在高温胁迫下其多胺含量的变化却与高秋眠级品种‘赛迪10’一致。高温胁迫下德钦紫花苜蓿的耐热性可能与较高的亚精胺含量和较低的腐胺和精胺含量有关,是其能在干热河谷生存的原因之一。     

氧化应激状态下仔猪海马差异表达miRNAs与转录组的关联分析

旨在解析仔猪脑海马背、腹侧区域参与氧化应激反应的小RNA(miRNA)靶基因及可能的调节机制.本研究基于前期投放到基因表达数据库(GEO)中的miRNAs和转录组数据包,采用生物信息学分析方法,对氧化应激荣昌仔猪脑海马背、腹侧区域差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测,并将预测的结果和转录组数据进行重叠筛选,将筛选得到的m...     

酒精阳性牛乳的发生及其与热应激的关系研究

本文检测了牛乳及牛血清中的无机离子浓度和乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶活性,同时,检测了牛血清皮质醇含量和3种抗氧化指标。分析表明：酒精阳性乳患牛血清、全乳中无机离子代谢表现紊乱,酶活性发生改变,机体总抗氧化能力下降。并从热应激角度对其进行了综合分析。     

酒精阳性牛乳的发生及其与热应激的关系研究

本文检测了牛乳及牛血清中的无机离子浓度和乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶活性,同时, 检测了牛血清皮质醇含量和3种抗氧化指标。分析表明:酒精阳性乳患牛血清、全乳中无机离 子代谢表现紊乱,酶活性发生改变,机体总抗氧化能力下降。并从热应激角度对其进行了综合 分析。     

Oxidative Stress and Neutrophil Function in Cats with Chronic Renal Failure

Background: Oxidative stress is an important component in the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) and neutrophil function may be impaired by oxidative stress. Hypothesis: Cats with CRF have increased oxidative stress and decreased neutrophil function compared with control cats. Animals: Twenty cats with previously diagnosed renal failure were compared with 10 age‐matched control cats. Methods: A biochemical profile, CBC, urinalysis, antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH : GSSG), and neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst were measured. Statistical comparisons (2‐tailed t‐test) were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Results: The CRF cats had significantly higher serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations than control cats, and significantly lower PCV and urine specific gravity than control cats. The GSH : GSSG ratio was significantly higher in the CRF group (177.6 ± 197, 61.7 ± 33; P < .02) whereas the antioxidant capacity was significantly less in the CRF group (0.56 ± 0.21, 0.81 ± 0.13 Trolox units; P < .005). SOD activity was the same in control and CRF cats. Neutrophil oxidative burst after Escherichia coli phagocytosis, measured as an increase in mean fluorescence intensity, was significantly higher in CRF cats than controls (732 ± 253, 524 ± 54; P < .05). Conclusions: The higher GSH : GSSG ratio and lower antioxidant capacity in CRF cats is consistent with activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. It remains to be determined if supplementation with antioxidants such as SOD beyond the level of control cats would be of benefit in cats with CRF.     

Possible Relationship Between Performance and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Horses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers, and performance during a multiday 210-km endurance race. Nine endurance athlete horses participated in this study. Samples were always taken at the same times of day, before the beginning of the race and after every day of competition. Analytic measurements included glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activity, thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARs), and reactive carbonylated derivatives. Competition intensity was low, with an average speed of 12.56 ± 0.9 km/h. Four horses were unable to finish the race because of metabolic problems or fatigue. GR activity increased progressively (P < .001) throughout the competition, and TBARs showed a significant rise compared with baseline values (P < .01) but remained at the same levels throughout the 3 days of competition. Catalase and reactive carbonylated derivatives did not show any significant alterations in any time period. The best performance was obtained from horses who demonstrated higher GR capacity and/or lower TBAR concentration. In conclusion, redox status seems to modulate horses' performance in endurance races, but further studies are needed to better determine the adequate oxidant/antioxidant ratio to acquire optimal performance.     

Relationship Between Neutrophil Activity,Oxidative Stress,Acute Phase Response,and Lameness Grade in Naturally Occurring Acute and Chronic Joint Disorders in Horses

We hypothesized that in horses with naturally occurring joint disorders, the neutrophil response, acute phase response (APR), and oxidative stress parameters elevated significantly and are markers of increased inflammatory response in these conditions. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to evaluate neutrophil response, oxidative status, and APR. The neutrophil activity was assessed on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and alkaline phosphatase release, whereas free radical generation was assessed on the basis of nitric oxide and superoxide production. Acute phase response was estimated on the basis of fibrinogen or haptoglobin plasma concentration and oxidative stress on the basis of malondialdehyde plasma concentration. Then, these parameters were compared with lameness grade, and correlation coefficients between them were calculated. The study was conducted on 43 horses divided on control group of healthy horses (n = 17), acute lameness (AL) group (11 horses), and chronic lameness (CL) group (15 horses). The neutrophil activity from horses of both groups of joint disorders (AL and CL) was significantly (P < .01) higher in comparison with healthy horses. Elastase release was 67.28 ± 1.89% of maximal activity in AL group in comparison with 51.72 ± 1.75% in healthy horses and 62.61 ± 1.54% in CL group. The highest values of other enzymes were also noted in AL group. Moreover, in AL group release of elastase and MPO positively correlated (P < .01) with grades of lameness. These findings revealed the mutual relation between studied parameters and obtained results may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of acute and chronic joint disorders in horses.     

Relationship between Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 Concentration and Survival Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background

Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are commonly increased in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are predictors of survival time in human patients, but these relationships have not previously been examined in the cat.

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations at diagnosis of CKD in cats with survival time and with disease progression over 12 months.

Animals

214 azotemic, client‐owned cats (≥9 years).

Methods

Retrospective study: Biochemical and urinary variables at diagnosis of azotemic CKD, including plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations were assessed as predictors of survival time (all‐cause mortality) using Cox regression, and as predictors of CKD progression over 12 months using logistic regression.

Results

In the final multivariable Cox regression model, survival was negatively associated with plasma creatinine (P = .002) and FGF‐23 concentrations (P = .014), urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Survival was positively associated with PCV (P = .004). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, independent predictors of CKD progression included logFGF‐23 and age. Neither plasma phosphate nor PTH was found to be an independent predictor of survival time or of CKD progression.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Plasma FGF‐23 concentration is a novel prognostic indicator in cats with CKD, independent of other factors including plasma creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Further work is required to assess if FGF‐23 contributes directly to CKD progression, but regardless these findings may make FGF‐23 a useful biomarker for predicting poorer outcomes in cats with CKD.     

血小板活化因子与母畜妊娠关系的探讨

母畜受孕后的受精卵 ,特别是桑椹胚将产生一类乙酰化的甘油磷脂 ,即血小板活化因子(PAF)。PAF将引起母畜外周血小板下降。通过试验发现母牛、母猪、家兔自发情配种后血小板值逐日下降 ,母牛第7天 ,母猪第6天 ,母兔第3天分别降到最低点。以后又将逐日上升 ,恢复到配种前的水平。根据配种前和配种后最低点的血小板值之差 ,分别取一经验值 ,即可对母畜做出妊娠诊断