萼花臂尾轮虫的培养

在室外自然条件下，用简易法培养萼花臂尾轮虫，一般每毫升为50－80个，最高达184个／毫升。 基本上满足批量培育鱼、虾苗种需要。简易法生产轮虫的设备简单、投资少，有一定技术条件的鱼种场均可实施。     

Cd2+对萼花臂尾轮虫的毒性研究

Cd2 对萼花臂尾轮虫24 h和48 h的LC50分别是1.488 mg/L和0.526 mg/L.在Cd2 存在的条件下,其对萼花臂尾轮虫的存活率、繁殖率、净生殖率和内禀增长率有显著的抑制作用,混交百分率和休眠卵数量则明显增加.     

萼花臂尾轮虫的培养技术

萼花臂尾轮虫是水产苗种开食和早期培育阶段的优良饵料，可以在淡水中培养。传统养鱼的肥水下塘经验，是利用藻类、轮虫、枝角类等的混合群体供饵，利弊兼有。本研究采用单胞藻、酵母及光合细菌单独培养萼花臂尾轮虫，可获得纯净的适口饵料，为工厂化育苗提供饵料保证。     

氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的毒性影响

采用两天种群增长和生命表,研究了不同浓度氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)的毒性影响。结果显示:轮虫种群增长率与氟他胺浓度对数负相关。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长率的半效应浓度(EC50)、最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)和无可见效应浓度(NOEC)分别为4.31、3.17和1.59 mg/L。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的内禀增长率和世代时间有显著的影响(P<0.05);内禀增长率随氟他胺浓度升高而下降,其中1.59 mg/L和3.17 mg/L氟他胺浓度组内禀增长率分别比对照组降低了8.98%和17.95%(P<0.05),其无效应浓度为0.8 mg/L;而3.17 mg/L浓度组的世代时间显著延长(P<0.05)。实验结果表明内禀增长率是检测氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性最敏感的指标。     

萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术

萼花臂尾轮虫具有生长快、繁殖力强、营养丰富等特点,是水产苗种开食和早期培育阶段的优良饵料,可以在淡水中培养。结合轮虫室内高密度培养特点及自身实践经验,对萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术作简要总结。     

马拉硫磷和甲氰菊酯对萼花臂尾轮虫生殖的影响

研究了不同浓度马拉硫磷(malathion)(0.03、0.3、3.0、30.0、300.0、3000.0μg/L)和甲氰菊酯(fenpropath-rin)(0.004、0.04、0.4、4.0、40.0、400.0μg/L)对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)3d种群增长率、携卵雌体数/非携卵雌体数、混交雌体百分率、混交雌体受精率及7d休眠卵产量影响。结果表明,马拉硫磷、甲氰菊酯对种群增长率、混交雌体百分率、混交雌体受精率及7d休眠卵产量有显著影响;马拉硫磷对携卵雌体数/非携卵雌体数无显著影响,但甲氰菊酯有显著影响。马拉硫磷对轮虫休眠卵产量最低效应浓度(LOEC)为0.3μg/L,对混交雌体百分率LOEC为30.0μg/L,对种群增长率和混交雌体受精率LOEC为300.0μg/L;甲氰菊酯对轮虫休眠卵产量最低效应浓度0.04μg/L,对混交雌体百分率和携卵雌体数/非携卵雌体数LOEC为4.0μg/L,对种群增长率和混交雌体受精率LOEC为40.0μg/L。试验显示,马拉硫磷和甲氰菊酯对轮虫生殖存在差异,轮虫休眠卵产量可以用来监测和评价2种杀虫剂潜在的影响。     

三种农药对萼花臂尾轮虫种群变动的影响初探

本文报道了不同温度下萼花臂尾轮虫 (Brachionuscalyciflorus)的种群增长参数和生长周期 ,结果表明 :其内禀增长率rm (h-1)、净生殖力R0 和世代时间T (h)分别为 :0 0 6 ,15 70和 37 70 (2 0 +1℃ ) ;0 0 6 ,17 5 2 ,36 0 0 (2 5 +1℃ )。种群的最大密度随温度的升高增加 ,而种群到达高峰所需时间也随着温度升高而缩短。在三种农药的实验中 ,敌百虫、噻嗪酮、氯氰菊酯在 2 4h中的LC50 分别为 :32 1 6mg/L ,2 6 3 5mg/L ,36 8 5 μg/L。     

两种消毒剂处理对萼花臂尾轮虫休眠卵萌发的影响

在特定条件下形成的轮虫休眠卵,经过一定时间的储藏保存,其萌发率均有不同程度的降低[1,2]1)。已有研究表明,大量的细菌污染是导致褶皱臂尾轮虫(Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ)休眠卵萌发率降低的主要因素之一;使用适宜种类和浓度的消毒剂处理可显著地提高其萌发率[3]。有关淡水轮虫休眠卵的报道较少,为此我们使用扫描电子显微镜对萼花臂尾轮虫(Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｃａｌｙｃｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ)休眠卵进行观察,并用不同种类和浓度的消毒剂对其进行消毒实验,旨在为轮虫休眠卵的有效保存和使用提供依据。1　材料和方法1.1　轮虫休…     

pH对萼花臂尾轮虫种群动态和休眠卵的影响↑（*）

应用种群累积培养法,研究了pH3.5～11.5(间隔1.0)之间萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionuscalyciflorus)的种群动态及休眠卵的形成。结果表明,该轮虫在pH5.5～10.5为正增长,pH7.5时种群增长趋势最好;pH4.5时为负增长;pH3.5和11.5分别是该轮虫存活下限和上限。pH对轮虫休眠卵的产量和形成效率、平均混交雌体百分率和受精率皆具极显著影响。7.5是该种轮虫休眠卵规模化生产的最佳pH值,此时休眠卵的产量和藻类食物的形成效率最大,分别为(132567±20264)/(20ml·6d)和(11.05±1.69)/(6×106cells)。     

萼花臂尾轮虫的培养及营养强化技术

轮虫是浮游生物的重要组成部分,广泛分布于淡水、半咸水和海水水域中。萼花臂尾轮虫隶属臂尾轮虫科、臂尾轮虫属,为淡水轮虫,俗称灰水,系池塘、湖泊、江河中常见的浮游动物,     

萼花臂尾轮虫非混交雌体SOX基因的克隆与分析

选用根据SOX基因蛋白序列设计的1对兼并引物,采用PCR技术扩增萼花壁尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)非混交雌体基因组DNA。结果显示:实验得到1个约220 bp的片段。经过克隆和测序分析,共获得2个有差异的DNA片段,其中一个DNA片段证明为萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2蛋白编码序列,与人和秀丽隐杆线虫(Cae-norhabditis elegans)DNA序列碱基组成相似性分别为68.98%和75.93%,其编码的氨基酸序列与人、秀丽隐杆线虫SOX2蛋白相似性分别为为84.72%和81.94%。另一个DNA片段长209 bp,用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中搜索,没有找到相似性序列,用该序列推导氨基酸序列,发现两个终止密码子,推测该片段是受到自然选择作用失去功能的SOX基因。同时对多个物种的SOX2基因保守序列进行比对,发现萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2基因是一种古老的基因形式,具有高度的保守性。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

Growth hormone-like substance in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

ABSTRACT:   A growth hormone (GH)-like substance was extracted from the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and subsequently purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The GH-like substance had a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa and had cross-reactivity with salmon GH antibody. In vivo bioassay showed a higher intrinsic rate of increase and net reproduction rate of B. plicatilis treated with the GH-like substance.     

Low-temperature preservation (at 4 °C) of marine rotifer Brachionus

Mass production of rotifers is essential as live food during the larval rearing season, but a major problem of rotifer culture is unpredictable culture collapse. If mass‐produced rotifers could be kept alive at low temperature for an extended period of time, they could be supplied as live food to cultured marine fish larvae without interruption. Four experiments were performed to test this possibility in six strains of Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Müller and eight strains of Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff. The results showed that: (1) B. rotundiformis strains were less tolerant to 4 °C than B. plicatilis strains. Among the B. rotundiformis strains, the strains known as SS type were the most susceptible and showed the lowest survival. (2) Exchange of culture media during the incubation at 4 °C in B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis resulted in higher survival than not changing the culture media, but there were no differences in the regression slope with or without changing the culture media. (3) Acclimation at 15 °C for 96 h for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis before transfer to 4 °C resulted in higher survival rates than acclimation at 10 °C. (4) The combination of frequent exchange of culture media and acclimation significantly improved the survival of B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis compared with controls that were maintained at 4 °C without exchange of the culture media. Large‐scale trials using B. plicatilis (Kamiura strain) cultured in 30‐L tanks were conducted in a hatchery at a density of 2000–20 000 individuals mL^?1. Rotifers were transferred directly from 25 °C to 4 °C. About 50% of the rotifers at 20 000 individuals mL^?1 survived after 14 days at 4 °C. These preserved rotifers could be cultured at 20 °C, recovering within 4 days.     

轮虫培养过程中生长及环境变化特征分析

通过1000ml烧杯、5L全自动生物反应器、常规的大池（5m^3）以及加处臭氧和生物过滤装置的大池（约5m^3）这四种培养系统,对在轮虫培养过程中轮虫的生长特征,以及pH、溶氧、氨氮及亚硝态氮等水质参数变化特征进行了较系统的探讨,研究结果可为轮虫密度培养工艺及培养系统的优化奠定基础。     

不同脂肪源对褶皱臂尾轮虫脂类和脂肪酸组成的影

以褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis)为实验动物并设计不同脂肪源饵料，分别为：面包酵母Saccharomyces cerevisice（对照组），微绿球藻Nannochlorpisis oculata(A)，5%大豆磷脂 5%鱼油 90%面包酵母（C）。结果表明：（1）接受不同脂肪源的轮虫的脂肪酸组成显著不同，尤其是高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA，20C）含量存在显著差异，说明饵料中HUFA含量对轮虫体内相应脂肪酸的含量有显著影响。投喂饵料C使轮虫的脂类HUFA水平得到了强化，提高了轮虫的营养价值。（2）轮虫脂类的HUFA水平不仅由饵料中脂类的相应脂肪酸组成决定，而且轮虫脂类HUFA的提高和强化效果与饵料中HUFA的化学形态密切相关。甘油三酯型饵料HUFA的强化轮虫效果高于磷脂型的HUFA。（3）将富含HUFA的鱼油直接添加在干性饵料如面包酵母中，而不是通过对鲁油乳化后直接强化轮虫，同样能取得良好的强化效果，且操作简便、不易污染水质，适用于轮虫的规模生产。