BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
John McFadyean, Founder of Modern Veterinary Research. Iain Pattison. J. A. Allen.
Proceedings of XII Seminar, Sheep and Beef Cattle Society of the New Zealand Veterinary Association.
Pictorial Anatomy of the Cat. S. G. Ginbert.
Grazing Animals. Editor F. H. W. Morley.
Equine Medicine and Surgery. Editors R. A. Mansman and E. S. McAllister.
Applied Veterinary Anatomy. R. E. Habel.
Beef Production from Different Dairy Breeds and Dairy Beef Crosses. Editors C. J. More and O'Per rail.
Animal Health. David Sainsbury.     

Efficacy of ivermectin in a controlled-release capsule for the control of breech strike in sheep

Objective To investigate the efficacy of ivermectin in an intraruminal controlled-release capsule (CRC) against blowfly strike.
Design Pen and field trials with controls.
Animals Pen studies: Two breech strike trials involving 60 Romney and 60 Merino sheep. One body strike trial using 100 Merino sheep.
Field trials: Eight trials in New Zealand used 1000 Romney and Romney-cross sheep. Fifty Merino lambs in one trial in Australia.
Procedure Pen studies: Sheep were allocated to two equal groups. One was not treated, the other sheep received a CRC that delivered ivermectin at 20 μg/kg/day for 100 days. In the breech strike trials, each animal was given an oral laxative 2 days before exposure to adult Lucilia cuprina . In the body-strike trial, the sheep sheep were kept wet to increase susceptibility prior to the release of blowflies.
Field trials: Fifty or 200 sheep allocated to equal groups of nontreated or treated with the CRC and grazed at pasture exposed to natural blowfly challenge.
Results Pen studies: Breech strikes developed in 24 of 60 controls but in none of 60 CRC-treated sheep. There was a 35% reduction in the number of CRC-treated sheep struck on the body.
Field trials: The average number of breech strikes in CRC-treated sheep was reduced by 86% (P < 0.001). The number of body strikes in the treated groups was a reduced by 27% (P < 0.05).
Conclusion The ivermectin CRC is a useful aid in controlling breech strike, but provides only moderate reduction in the incidence of body strike.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Bovine Ostertagiasis: a Review and Annotated Bibliography. J. Armour and C. P. Ogbourne
Practical Animal Husbandry. T. K. Ewer, Wright
Horse Feeding and Nutrition. Tony J. Cunha
Conference on Dairy Production from Pasture. New Zealand and Australian Societies of Animal Production. 1982. Edited by K. L. Macmillan and V. K. Taufa
A Manual of Australian Agriculture, 4th edition, Edited by R. L. Reid. Numerous authors. Walter Heinemann
Control of the Use of Drugs In Racehorses. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference. Racing Industry Centre, Melbourne, May 1981. Edited by J. M. Bourke and P. J. Ashelford
Seminar on Integration of Animals with Plantation Crops. Pulau Pinang
Northern Territory Buffalo Industry.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Equine Medicine and Surgery, edited by PT Colahan, IG Mayhew, AM Merritt, and JN Moore
Wallaceville Veterinary Laboratory, An Anecdotal History, JD Tenquist, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Technology, New Zealand     

1/25 translocations in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle in New Zealand

A Robertsonian centric fusion between chromosomes 1 and 25 in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle in New Zealand is reported. This fused chromosome is the same as the widely reported 1/29 translocation chromosome with the difference in the numbering arising from inconsistencies in the G and R-banded cattle karyotypes of the International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animals, 1989.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Management and Health of Farmed Deer, edited by H W Reid
Renal Disease in Dogs and Cats, edited by AR Michell
Residues of Some Veterinary Drugs in Animals and Foods, FAO Food Nutrition Paper
Veterinary Continuing Education, Veterinary Clinical Toxicology, Foundation for Continuing Education of the NZ Veterinary Association
Deer Branch Course No. 8, Deer Branch, New Zealand Veterinary Association, Proceedings of Deer Course for Veterinarian     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Animal Experimentation: A Student Guide to Balancing the Issues, V Monamy
Farm Animals in Biomedical and Agricultural Research, Proceedings of the Conference in Wellington, New Zealand, ANZCART, South Australia, 1995
Introduction to Veterinary Genetics, FW Nicholas
Virus Infections of Equines, MJ Studdert, Elsevier Science PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, also available Elsevier Science PO Box 945 Madison Square Station
Modeling and Data Treatment in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, JT Carstensen     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Animal Warfare. The Story of the Animal Liberation Front . David Henshaw.
Congenital Malformations in Laboratory and Farm Animals . KT Szabo. Academic     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The British Veterinary Profession 1791–1948 . lain Pattison. J. D. Allen.
H. C. Belschner's Horse Diseases . Fully revised edition by R. J. Rose. Angus and Robertson
The Veterinary Annual, 22nd Issue 1982 . Editors Grunsell and Hill
Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology , D. H. Slatter. W. B. Saunders, Waltham St, Artarmon
Second National Symposium on Sheep Blowfly and Flystrike in Sheep, 1983—Proceedings. Department of Agriculture
Dog and Cat Nutrition: a Handbook for Students, Veterinarians, Breeders and Owners . Editor A. T. B. Edney
Poultry Diseases . Editors R. F. Gordon and F. T. W. Jordon.
Proceedings, 29th Annual Pfizer Research Conference 19 May 1981 . Pfizer Agricultural Division
Bacterial and Viral Zoonoses . World Health Organisation
Control of Reproductive Functions in Domestic in Animals . W. Jockle and D. R. Lamond.
Bovine Haematology . O. C. Straub and others. Paul Parey
Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry . Frederick L. Frye.
Reproductive Clinical Problems in the Dog . D. E. Jones and J. O. Joshua.
Notes on Pathology for Small Animal Clinicians . D. F. Kelly, V. M. Lucke, C. J. Gaskell. J. Wright and Sons
History of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. The First 25 Years 1954–1979 . W. O. Kester.
The Water Buffalo: New Prospects for an Underutilised Animal . National Research Council     

New Zealand's cetaceans and pinnipeds

The 8 species of baleen whale in New Zealand waters range in length from 6 to 30+ metres, and the 25 species of toothed whale range up to 18 metres. A single porpoise species is known in New Zealand sub-Antarctic waters. The baleen whales and many of the toothed whales are migratory, and New Zealand straddles their well-defined routes: a combination which allowed whaling to flourish. The toothed whales are the more gregarious and may indulge in mass strandings. Current research aims to investigate the biology of all of the whale species. The otariid, or eared seals found in the New Zealand region are the New Zealand sealion and the New Zealand fur seal. The commonest of the phocid, or earless seals on the New Zealand coast are the elephant and leopard seals. All of these breed in the southern parts of the region but range further north. The fur seal population is rising slowly, but the small population size of the New Zealand sealion gives cause for concern. Marine mammals form an important part of the fauna of the New Zealand region, and veterinary knowledge and general research should be increased.     

A portable, contact animal fundus imaging system based on Rol's GRIN lenses

Objective To demonstrate a cost‐effective, portable, and simple‐to‐use fundus imaging system for laboratory animals. Animals Studied Albino rats, pigmented mice, albino guinea pigs, and New Zealand white rabbits. Procedure A contact fundus imaging system was designed and constructed using standard optical and mechanical components: a digital camera, an otoscope, a fiber optic light source, and standard optical lenses and mounts. Digital fundus video and photography of two albino rats, two pigmented mice, two New Zealand white rabbits, and two albino guinea pigs were obtained. For all animals examined, pupils were dilated and local anesthetic was administered. Results Digital images of the fundus were obtained in all animals. Contrast of retinal vasculature and overall image quality varied from one species to another, as the axial length, ocular optics, and retinal reflectance varied significantly across species. Light intensity and focus were optimized via the light source and lens focusing mount to produce high‐quality images for each animal. Conclusions The portable, cost‐effective contact fundus imaging system was easy to use for fundus examination of laboratory animals.     

Effect of buprenorphine on the cardiovascular and respiratory response to visceral pain in conscious rabbits

Objective  To evaluate the effect of buprenorphine administration on the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to noxious colorectal distension in conscious rabbits.
Study design  Prospective experimental trial.
Animals  Fifteen healthy, young adult New Zealand white rabbits (eight female).
Methods  Experiments were performed on conscious rabbits that were instrumented with intraabdominal arterial and venous catheters, and diaphragmatic and abdominal electromyographic electrodes. Colorectal distension was achieved by inflation of an acutely placed colorectal balloon catheter until mean arterial pressure increased 10–15 mmHg. Buprenorphine (0.06 mg) or saline was administered intravenously prior to, or during colorectal distension. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, abdominal electromyographic activity, and intra-balloon pressure were monitored.
Results  In the absence of colorectal distension, buprenorphine increased arterial blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate but did not change heart rate. Colorectal distension increased arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and decreased respiratory rate. The increase in arterial blood pressure associated with colorectal distension was attenuated following preemptive buprenorphine, but was not changed by buprenorphine administered during distension.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  If cardiovascular changes reflect the intensity of noxious stimulation, then these results support the preemptive administration of buprenorphine for visceral analgesia.     

Sporozoa in dogs and cats

SUMMARY Faecal samples from 110 dogs and 71 cats were examined for sporozoan parasites by flotation. Isospora spp were present in 5.5% dogs and 4.2% cats; Sarcocystis spp in 20.9% dogs and 1.4% cats. 74.5% dogs and 77.5% cats were fed raw meat from various sources; beef was fed most often. Animals fed raw meat were more frequently infected with protozoa. No Toxoplasma oocysts were found. The results are compared with those from other surveys in Australia and New Zealand.     

New Zealand’s Cetaceans and Pinnipeds

The 8 species of baleen whale in New Zealand waters range in length from 6 to 30+ metres, and the 25 species of toothed whale range up to 18 metres. A single porpoise species is known in New Zealand sub-Antarctic waters.

The baleen whales and many of the toothed whales are migratory, and New Zealand straddles their well-defined routes: a combination which allowed whaling to flourish. The toothed whales are the more gregarious and may indulge in mass strandings. Current research aims to investigate the biology of all of the whale species.

The otariid, or eared seals found in the New Zealand region are the New Zealand sealion and the New Zealand fur seal. The commonest of the phocid, or earless seals on the New Zealand coast are the elephant and leopard seals. All of these breed in the southern parts of the region but range further north. The fur seal population is rising slowly, but the small population size of the New Zealand sealion gives cause for concern.

Marine mammals form an important part of the fauna of the New Zealand region, and veterinary knowledge and general research should be increased.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book-reviews in this articles:
Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy of (the) Dog and Horse. H. Schebitz and H. Wilkens.
Roentgen Techniques in Laboratory Animals. Edited by B. Felson.     

澳大利亚和新西兰婴幼儿配方乳粉产品标签设计指导原则

针对澳大利亚和新西兰(简称"澳新")食品标准法典中涉及标签法规及新西兰出口婴幼儿配方乳粉(简称"婴配乳粉")产品标签法规进行深入解读.明确了澳新地区婴配乳粉产品标签基本的法规要求.对澳新地区婴配乳粉产品标签强制标注内容、标注形式、标注依据、禁止标识内容等方面进行了分析.对于澳新地区婴配乳粉生产及出口产品标签制定的实际应...     

Dairy farming financial structures in Hokkaido, Japan and New Zealand

The productivity and financial performance of dairy farms in New Zealand and Japan (Hokkaido) were analyzed. By recomposing the official statistics on the dairy industry relative to Japan, New Zealand has low milk yield productivity per cow, but higher per hectare performance because of their seasonal breeding and pasture grazing systems. In the revenue and expenses analysis, New Zealand had a high cash surplus ratio compared with Hokkaido. In the cost analysis, for expenses on a “per kg of raw milk” basis, New Zealand milk production costs are 29% of those in Hokkaido. More than 60% of the production costs were attributable to feed, interest charges and wages in New Zealand. In Hokkaido, the feed cost alone accounted for 73% of the total cost. There is also a remarkably high interest expenditure in New Zealand caused by non‐subsidized fund procurement from finance organizations. In the financial analysis, New Zealand dairy farms have only approximately 50% of the total assets per cow compared with farms in Hokkaido. But total liabilities per cow in Hokkaido are twofold to threefold greater than in New Zealand. The difference between total assets and total liabilities shows that Hokkaido dairy farmers have an equity that is 50–200% greater than New Zealand dairy farmers. In the management analysis, New Zealand has a low turnover ratio of gross assets caused by the seasonal breeding system. In conclusion, New Zealand has higher per hectare production performance than Hokkaido, but has a low utilization of gross assets caused by a seasonal breeding system based on pasture grazing.     

Case clusters of leproid granulomas in foxhounds in New Zealand and Australia

Background – Canine leproid granuloma (CLG) characteristically presents as single to multiple circumscribed dermal to subcutaneous nodules in haired skin. An unidentified mycobacterium is considered be the aetiological agent of this entity. Animals – Several cases of canine leproid granulomas occurred in dogs in New Zealand during 2010 and 2011. Cases appeared in clusters, affecting multiple closely related foxhounds domiciled in the same kennels. All affected hounds recovered after topical and/or systemic antimicrobial therapy. Two similar outbreaks that occurred in foxhounds near Melbourne, Australia are also reported. Methods – Cases were investigated using cytological, histological, microbiological and several molecular techniques. An environmental epidemiological study was also performed. Results – A diagnosis of CLG was established in 11 dogs. Molecular identification of the causative agent confirmed that it was a mycobacterial species with 100% sequence homology within the amplified regions of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) with that found in association with similar infections from the USA, Brazil and Australia. Conclusion and clinical importance – This report details the first occurrence of multiple cases of CLG occurring in in‐contact dogs and the first proven case of CLG in dogs in New Zealand.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Necropsy Techniques: Food Animal Practice—The Veterinary Clinics of North America. John J. Andrews, Guest Editor.
Current Therapy in Theriogenology. 2. Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Reproductive Diseases in Small and Large Animals. David A. Morrow.
Small Animal Dentistry. Patricia Frost, Guest Editor.
Diseases of the Cat: Medicine and Surgery, Volume I. J. Holzworth, editor.
Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 2nd Edition. N. Edward Robinson, Editor.     

Efficacy of a novel copper-based footbath preparation for the treatment of ovine footrot during the spread period

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a novel copper based footbath preparation (CHF-1020) for treatment of ovine footrot during the spread period.
Design: A series of field trials with treated and control groups run together.
Animals: Mobs of at least 125 sheep on each of six properties in southern New South Wales with equal numbers of controls.
Procedure: Sheep of group A were treated after minimal paring by making them stand in CHF-1020 for 15 minutes. Treatment was undertaken at intervals throughout the period of the trials (14 September to 17 December 1993). Group A sheep were run on the same pasture as those from group B (untreated sheep).
Results: The percentage of sheep exhibiting clinical signs of ovine footrot at the start of the trial ranged from 35 to 88% at score 3 or higher, using a 0 to 5 footscoring system. During the trial, the percentage of infected sheep (greater or equal to score 2) in group B increased and ranged from 40 to 90%. The level of infected sheep in group A on each property was reduced progressively to 1 to 16%. Cure rates of 45 to 94% were achieved, with the lowest rate being on a property with a metal footbath. The next lowest cure rate was 73%. Results indicated that treatment should be undertaken at 2-weekly intervals while spread continues. Treated sheep can be returned to contaminated pastures.
Conclusion: CHF-1020 is effective during the spread period and can be used for the progressive eradication of ovine footrot.