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本文研究分析了自动挤乳系统中挤乳次数以及挤乳时间段对乳成分的影响。20头实验牛选自日本酪农学园大学附属农场,分娩天数为10~300d,每2周采牛奶样一次,每次连续72h,采样30ml。研究表明产乳量随着挤乳次数的增加而增加r= 0.63(P<0.01)。挤乳次数与乳中干物质率的相关系数r= 0.25,差异不显著。而与无脂干物质率的相关系数r= 0.33,差异显著(P<0.05),并且与乳脂率之间呈显著负相关r=-0.41(P<0.05),与乳糖率之间呈极显著正相关r= 0.53(P<0.01)。与乳蛋白率之间无相关性r= 0.15。但是在回归方程式的2次式中,两者之间有着极显著的相关性r=0.45(P<0.01)。一天的挤乳次数在3~4次时乳蛋白率最大。挤乳时间段与乳成分之间无相关性r= 0.01- 0.11。经t检验,乳中干物质率在下午(12~18点)时最高,上午(6~12点)及深夜(0~6点)较低。无脂干物质率和乳蛋白率在晚上(18~0点)高,上午及深夜低。乳糖率在晚上和深夜高,上午和下午低。与此相对,乳脂率在上午和下午高,深夜低。 相似文献
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本试验通过研究精卵作用时间、培养密度、气相环境对卵裂率和囊胚发育率的影响及早期发育快慢与胚胎发育能力的关系,得出:精卵共作用12 h和18 h,不影响囊胚率(P>0.05),但受精18 h的卵裂率明显高于受精12 h的卵裂率(P<0.05);对于四孔板而言,培养密度在50~80枚/孔之间,不影响胚胎后期发育率(P>0.05);早期用5%CO2,空气为平衡气,后期用5%CO2、5%O2,N2为平衡气的气相条件的卵裂率、囊胚率分别极显著高于单独使用这两种气相环境的囊胚率和卵裂率(P<0.01);早期发育较快的胚胎后期发育的能力更强(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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胡素华 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2005,3(2):32-35
首先讨论了违约率在资信评估中的意义,接着提出了违约率的度量方法以及考虑其他因素时的违约率调整,最后给出了违约率在资信评估中的应用。 相似文献
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乳脂率的高低,不仅影响牛乳的热价,并与乳干物质含量呈强正相关,因此,乳脂率是牛乳质量的重要指标之一。因为个体牛所产奶的含脂率并不相同,为了生产及育种的需要,当比较不同牛的产乳能力时,需要先将不同含脂率的牛奶加以校正,才能比较。如国际上一般都以含脂率4%的奶作为标准奶,其校正计算公式是:FCM=M(0.4+15F)式中FCM—4%乳脂校正乳量(又称标准乳量)M—含脂率为F的产奶量F—需要校正奶的含脂率但有的奶牛场由于生产需要,要将不同乳脂率的奶换算成不是含脂4%的标准乳,而是含脂率为3.5%或3.8%的奶量时又该如何校正呢?为此,笔者进行了… 相似文献
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铅长期暴露对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用微核观察方法,研究了铅(PbCl2)暴露30 d对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响。结果表明,染毒Pb2+可引起黄河鲤微核率和核异常率指标发生显著变化,随着染毒Pb2+浓度的增加,黄河鲤红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先下降后上升的规律性变化。同一染毒浓度时染毒时间对于微核和核异常率的影响具有累积效应。 相似文献
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不同因素对牛体外受精效果的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较公牛个体、精子密度、精卵比例、受精前机械脱除卵丘细胞及胚胎培养液体积对体外受精效果的影响。结果表明:不同公牛个体的精子受精的卵裂率差异不显著(P>0.05),但囊胚率受到极显著的影响(52.24%vs28.13%,P<0.01);精子密度在(0.5~1.5)×106/mL间的卵裂率和囊胚率差异都不显著(P>0.05),但精子密度在0.25×106个/mL时的卵裂率显著低于其他3个试验组(52.17%vs91.23%,P<0.05);受精时,精卵比控制在2 000~10 000∶1之间,受精卵的卵裂率、囊胚率均无差异(P>0.05);受精前机械脱除卵丘细胞对受精效果没有影响(45.21%vs36.46%,P>0.05);每枚胚胎培养液体积在2.5~10μL之间的群体培养,对受精胚的发育没有显著影响(51.39%vs35.06%,P>0.05)。 相似文献
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牛奶中乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量的高低直接关系到牛奶的品质和风味。牛奶中乳蛋白主要可以分为酪蛋白和乳清蛋白两种类型,其合成代谢过程均受到mTOR信号分子通路、JAK-STAT信号分子通路、GCN2-eIF2a信号分子通路的影响。牛奶中乳脂肪主要为三酰基甘油酯、磷脂等,对于牛奶的营养和风味均有重要影响,其受到脂肪酸相关酶ACACA、FAS、SCD1的调控。饲料营养是影响牛奶中乳蛋白和乳脂肪的关键因素之一,包括精粗饲料配比及饲料添加剂的应用等方面。本文对牛奶中乳蛋白和乳脂肪的合成调控机理,及日粮组成对其的影响机制进行阐述,为改善乳品质提供参考。 相似文献
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The major purpose of this study was to investigate if increasing milking frequency for a short period of 3 weeks had any effects on the persistency of milk yield and the persistency of the somatic cell score (SCS). The methyl green–pyronin method was used for the direct microscopic SCS, converted to SCS for the analyses. Two groups were formed (control, n = 14 and treatment, n = 14). The treatment group was milked four times a day for 3 weeks after weaning. Both groups were milked twice a day outside this 3‐week period, throughout lactation. For the milk yield, persistencies were higher in the treatment group when the distance between the test days was equal to or less than 3 months. The exact opposite was true for the SCS; that is, the treatment group had higher persistencies when the distance between the test days was more than 3 months. Overall, persistencies related to milk yield were higher than persistencies related to SCS. For fat corrected milk yield, treatment persistencies were always higher than the control group persistencies, regardless of the distance between the tests. The same was true for the fat content. Increasing milking frequency for a short period of time (3 weeks) after weaning may help to increase the persistency of the milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and fat content. A 3‐D plot of least squares means indicated that the milk yield tended to show a classical lactation curve in lower SCS values while forming an unstable curve in higher SCS values. 相似文献
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饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能及乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。试验选取体重(600±29)kg、胎次2~3胎、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg/d的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛15头,采用完全随机区组设计分为3组,每组5头,进行为期40 d的饲养试验,其中1~9 d为预试期,10~40 d为正试期。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加96和160 g/(d·头)的黄花蒿乙醇提取物。结果表明:整个试验期间,2个试验组的产奶量(第24、31和40天)、乳脂率、乳脂产量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量、非脂固形物含量以及乳脂中的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸含量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P0.05);2个试验组的乳脂中CLA含量分别比对照组提高了30.7%和38.6%,其中试验2组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加适量的黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛产奶性能没有明显影响,但可以提高其乳脂中CLA含量,从而优化乳脂中脂肪酸的比例。 相似文献
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GAO San-si SHEN Tai-yu YU Hong-jiang ZHU Kui-ling ZHANG Zi-yang HUANG Bao-yin XU Chuang XIA Cheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1805-1811
Milk fat globule membrane protein is packaged outside the fat granule during mammary gland lactating. Milk fat globule membrane has three-layered structure composed of phospholipids,sphingolipids and proteins. Milk fat globule membrane protein contains more than one hundred kinds of proteins,of which there are the most abundant of eight kinds of proteins including mucin 1,xanthine oxidoreductase,mucin 15,CD36,butyrophilin,lactadherin,adipophilin,fatty acid binding protein .Milk fat globule membrane protein has been shown to have special value which reflects the physiological state of cow,affects the growth of calf and maternal immune as a source of nutrition and immunity for calves,and affects the human and animal's immunity regulation and physical fitness,it may be applied to treat diseases in the future. This article summaries the study of milk fat globule membrane protein in recent years aimed at describing the source,composition of the milk fat globule membrane proteins,introducing a novel established structure of milk fat globule membrane protein,explaining the physiological characteristics of some main proteins and progress in milk fat globule membrane proteins research and making recommendations for future research directions. 相似文献