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1.
Cholangitis and Cholangiohepatitis in Dogs: A Descriptive Study of 54 Cases Based on Histopathologic Diagnosis (2004–2014)
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J.L. Harrison B.J. Turek D.C. Brown C. Bradley J. Callahan Clark 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):172-180
Background
Cholangitis in dogs appears to be more common than previously thought, but understanding of the disease remains incomplete.Objective
To describe a population of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis.Animals
Fifty‐four client‐owned dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis.Methods
Medical records of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis confirmed by histopathology between January 2004 and December 2014 were identified using a computer‐based search and retrospectively reviewed.Results
Clinical signs included vomiting (72.2%), lethargy (70.4%), and inappetence (64.8%). Most dogs (49/50) had increased liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia (32/50), and hypercholesterolemia (24/43). Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system were seen in 84% of cases. On histopathology, 53 of 54 affected dogs had neutrophilic cholangitis (NC) or cholangiohepatitis, whereas 1 dog had lymphocytic cholangitis. Most cases (42/54) were chronic. Evidence of concurrent biliary disease (46.2%) and biliary tract obstruction (42.6%) was common. Seventeen of 36 biliary and 11 of 25 liver cultures were positive for bacterial growth; Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were most common. Median patient survival was 671 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 114–1,426). On Cox regression, dogs that did not have a cholecystectomy performed had a 2.1 greater hazard for death (P = 0.037; 95% CI: 1.0–4.3) compared to cholecystectomized dogs. Dogs >13 years old had a 5.0 greater hazard for death (P = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.9–13.2) compared to younger dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Significance
Chronic NC or cholangiohepatitis was most common. Cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction often occurred in conjunction with cholangitis. Cholecystectomized dogs had decreased risk of death; thus, cholecystectomy may improve patient outcome. 相似文献2.
D. Hoffman J. Amorim A. DeClue 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):208-216
Background
People with critical illness (CI) commonly develop various forms of immune dysfunction, however, there is limited information concerning immune dysfunction in dogs with CI.Hypothesis
The immune response in CI dogs differs from that of healthy dogs.Animals
Immunologic variables were compared between 14 dogs with CI, defined as APPLEfast score of >20 points, admitted to the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center Small Animal Clinic Intensive Care Unit and healthy controls (n = 15).Methods
Cohort study evaluating constitutive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10 production, phagocytosis of opsonized E. coli and respiratory burst capacity after opsonized E. coli or phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) stimulation, peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype, and monocyte expressions of HLA‐DR and TLR‐4.Results
Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated leukocyte TNF‐α (median, Q1, Q3; CI, 49, 49, 120; control, 655, 446, 1174 pg/mL; P = < 0.001), IL‐6 (median, Q1, Q3; CI, 49, 49, 64; control, 100, 49, 166 pg/mL; P = 0.029), and IL‐10 (CI, 49, 49, 56; control, 96, 49, 203 pg/mL; P = 0.014) production and both E. coli (median, Q1, Q3; CI, 60.5, 43, 88.5; control, 86.6, 81, 89.2%; P = 0.047) and PMA (CI, 40, 11.7, 70; control, 93, 83, 97.6%; P = < 0.001)‐stimulated respiratory burst capacity significantly decreased in CI dogs. Percentage of monocytes expressing TLR‐4 greater in the CI dogs (median, Q1, Q3; CI, 46.9, 24.3, 64.2; control, 16.4, 9.4, 26.2%; P = 0.005).Conclusion
These findings suggest dogs with CI develop immune system alterations that result in reduced respiratory burst function and cytokine production despite upregulation of TLR‐4. 相似文献3.
Pyelonephritis in Dogs: Retrospective Study of 47 Histologically Diagnosed Cases (2005–2015)
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J. Bouillon E. Snead J. Caswell C. Feng P. Hélie J. Lemetayer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):249-259
Background
The clinicopathologic aspects of pyelonephritis have not been reported in companion animals.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence of pyelonephritis diagnosed in dogs in a academic referral population, describe the clinical signs and the diagnostic test results in dogs with pyelonephritis, and identify concurrent disorders in order to determine potential risk factors for pyelonephritis.Animals
Forty‐seven dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of pyelonephritis from the teaching hospitals of three Canadian veterinary colleges.Methods
Retrospective case series. Review of medical records and renal histologic sections.Results
Pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 0.4–1.3% of the cases at necropsy. Clinical signs included anorexia or inappetence (n = 27, 57%), lethargy (n = 24, 51%), vomiting (n = 17, 36%), and dehydration (n = 12, 25%). Thirty‐five dogs (75%) had concomitant disease(s). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated (37%). Pyelonephritis was classified as acute (n = 12, 26%), subacute (n = 9, 19%), and chronic (n = 26, 55%) disease; and mild (n = 7, 15%), moderate (n = 11, 24%), and severe (n = 28, 61%). Fever was significantly associated with histopathologically subacute pyelonephritis (P = 0.01).Conclusions
In referral hospitals, pyelonephritis has a very low prevalence at necropsy. Nonspecific clinical presentation, concomitant diseases, and high variability in the diagnostic tests results make the antemortem diagnosis of pyelonephritis challenging. Neither the histopathologic stage nor the severity of the pyelonephritis was associated with fever, lumbar pain, or signs of a urinary tract infection (ie, lower urinary tract infection, upper urinary tract infection, or both) except for subacute pyelonephritis which was associated with fever. 相似文献4.
J.C. Chan L.R. Johnson C.S. Brown R.E. Pollard 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1841-1848
Background
Current methods available for assessing alterations in lung mechanics require sophisticated equipment and are of limited availability. A method that could assess lung area change with respiration might be a clinically useful surrogate for assessing lung compliance.Objective
To use fluoroscopy to determine percent change in thoracic and lung areas in healthy dogs.Animals
Forty‐four client‐owned dogs with no evidence of respiratory disease.Methods
Prospective study. Resting respiration was recorded fluoroscopically, and peak inspiratory and expiratory frames were captured for 3 typical respiratory cycles. The number of intrathoracic pixels in the entire thoracic cavity was measured for both inspiration and expiration, and the average percent change in intrathoracic area was determined for each dog. This process was repeated by a hemithorax measurement of lung area that excluded the mediastinum and cardiac silhouette. Proposed reference ranges (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were computed by a nonparametric percentile distribution.Results
Median percent change in thoracic dimension for the total thorax measurement was 12.5% (CI, 8.9–24.0%). Median percent change for the hemithorax measurement was significantly (P < 0.001) larger (20.8%, CI, 14.3–37.6%). Both measurement techniques were correlated with body weight but not with age, sex, thoracic conformation, body condition score (BCS), or breed.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Fluoroscopy allows a noninvasive and repeatable measure of lung area changes during respiration that must be corrected for body weight. Additional studies in dogs with respiratory diseases are needed to determine its utility in detecting clinically useful alterations in lung area changes. 相似文献5.
Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs
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L. Martinez‐Anton M. Marenda S.M. Firestone R.N. Bushell G. Child A.I. Hamilton S.N. Long M.A.R. Le Chevoir 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):352-360
Background
Acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) is an immune‐mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in humans, in which the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter spp. now is considered to be a major triggering agent. Little information is available concerning the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To estimate the association between Campylobacter spp. infection and APN. Associations with additional potential risk factors also were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken.Animals
Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client‐owned or owned by staff members.Methods
Case‐control study with incidence density‐based sampling. Fecal samples were collected from each enrolled animal to perform direct culture, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Campylobacter spp. In some cases, species identification was performed by sequence analysis of the amplicon. Data were obtained from the medical records and owner questionnaires in both groups.Results
In cases in which the fecal sample was collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp compared to control dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Raw chicken consumption is a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp. 相似文献6.
R. Gostelow N. Bridger H.M. Syme 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):83-90
Background
Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines is the test of choice to identify pheochromocytoma in human patients.Objectives
To establish the sensitivity and specificity of plasma‐free metanephrine (fMN) and free normetanephrine (fNMN) concentrations to diagnose pheochromocytoma in dogs.Animals
Forty‐five client‐owned dogs (8 dogs with pheochromocytoma, 11 dogs with adrenocortical tumors, 15 dogs with nonadrenal disease, and 11 healthy dogs.)Methods
A prospective study. EDTA plasma was collected from diseased and healthy dogs and submitted for fMN and fNMN measurement by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Results
Free MN concentration (median [range]) was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (8.15 [1.73–175.23] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (0.95 [0.68–3.08] nmol/L; P < .01) and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (0.92 [0.25–2.51] nmol/L; P < .001), but was not different from dogs with nonadrenal disease (1.91 [0.41–6.57] nmol/L; P ≥ .05). Free NMN concentration was significantly higher in dogs with pheochromocytoma (63.89 [10.19–190.31] nmol/L) than in healthy dogs (2.54 [1.59–4.17] nmol/L; P < .001), dogs with nonadrenal disease (3.30 [1.30–10.10] nmol/L; P < .001), and dogs with adrenocortical tumors (2.96 [1.92–5.01] nmol/L); P < 0.01). When used to diagnose pheochromocytoma, a fMN concentration of 4.18 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 97.3%, and a fNMN concentration of 5.52 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma fNMN concentration has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in dogs, whereas fMN concentration has moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity. Measurement of plasma‐free metanephrines provides an effective, noninvasive, means of identifying dogs with pheochromocytoma. 相似文献7.
Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET‐He) in the diagnosis of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis in dogs
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Jannika Fuchs Andreas Moritz Esther Grußendorf Jörg Lechner Felix Neuerer Rafael Nickel Thomas Rieker Claudia Schwedes Dennis B. DeNicola James Russell Natali Bauer 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(4):558-568
Background
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content provided by the Siemens ADVIA (CHr) is an established marker of iron deficiency. The IDEXX ProCyte Dx hematology analyzer now provides a similar variable, reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET‐He).Objectives
The objective was to evaluate RET‐He and its diagnostic utility in dogs, and to calculate a cutoff value for diagnosing iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Furthermore, the prevalence of RET‐He values below this cutoff value was established.Methods
One hundred and seventy‐one CBCs of healthy dogs were used to establish a RI. Stability of RET‐He was evaluated by repeated measurements over 48 hours (n = 10). The 25‐run coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated, and correlation and bias between measurements of RET‐He and CHr were assessed (n = 190). A cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was calculated. The utility of RET‐He in the detection of IDE was evaluated in 123 dogs. The prevalence of low RET‐He values was assessed retrospectively in a multicenter study (2012–2014) under participation of 7 veterinary clinics.Results
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent with an RI of 22.2 to 28.6 pg was statistically stable over 48 hours (P = .10). The CV was 1.8%. A fair correlation (ρ = 0.74) between RET‐He and CHr with a small bias of ?0.6 pg was found. The cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was 20.9 pg (sensitivity: 85%; specificity: 99%). The prevalence of RET‐He values below 20.9 pg was 10.3% (1084/10,553 dogs).Conclusions
RET‐He on the ProCyte Dx is a precise screening tool in dogs to detect iron‐deficient erythropoiesis. 相似文献8.
c‐Kit Mutation and Localization Status as Response Predictors in Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs Treated with Prednisone and Toceranib or Vinblastine
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K.M. Weishaar E.J. Ehrhart A.C. Avery J.B. Charles R.E. Elmslie D.M. Vail C.A. London C.A. Clifford J.C. Eickhoff D.H. Thamm 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):394-405
Background
KIT inhibitors, such as toceranib (TOC), and vinblastine (VBL) have not been prospectively compared in the treatment of macroscopic mast cell tumors (MCTs). Also, it is unknown whether VBL or TOC is superior for treating MCT without c‐kit mutations.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the value of KIT genotyping and localization in treatment decisions for dogs with macroscopic MCT. We hypothesized that c‐kit mutated MCT would have a better response to TOC than VBL.Animals
Eighty‐eight client‐owned dogs with macroscopic MCT.Methods
Prospective, randomized trial. Dogs were randomized to TOC (2.75 mg/kg EOD) or VBL (2.5 mg/m2 weekly × 4 then EOW) by KIT localization and c‐kit mutation status using an adaptive randomization scheme.Results
Sixty dogs were allocated to TOC and 28 to VBL. Of the dogs receiving TOC, 20% had c‐kit mutations, compared to 30% receiving VBL (P = 0.74). Overall response rates were 46% (TOC) and 30% (VBL) (odds ratio = 1.56 [0.62–3.92]; P = 0.28). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for dogs receiving VBL was 78 days (7–1,521) and for TOC 95.5 (14–990); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34 [0.72–2.50]; P = 0.36. Median overall survival (OS) was 241.5 days (10–1,521) for the VBL group and 159 (20–990) for the TOC group; HR = 0.80 ([0.45–1.41]; P = 0.44).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Neither PFS nor OS was significantly different between treatment groups. As the proportion of dogs with c‐kit mutations was not different between treatment groups in this population of dogs, c‐kit mutation status did not predict treatment response. 相似文献9.
Bodil Str?m Holst Sofia Han?s G?ran B?lske Catharina Linde Forsberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):63
Background
Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae cause a broad spectrum of diseases in a wide range of hosts, including man, other mammals, and birds. Upper respiratory and genital diseases are common clinical problems caused by Chlamydiaceae. Very little is known about chlamydial infections in dogs. Few clinical reports on natural disease in dogs describe mainly conjunctival and upper respiratory signs, and the role of Chlamydiaceae in genital disease is unclear. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in healthy dogs and in dogs with genital or upper respiratory disease, including conjunctivitis.Methods
A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydiaceae was used to detect any chlamydial species within this family. Swab samples from the conjunctiva and the mucosal membranes of the oropharynx, rectum and genital tract were taken from 79 dogs: 27 clinically healthy dogs, 25 dogs with clinical signs from the genital tract and 28 dogs with conjunctivitis. There were 52 female and 27 male dogs. From 7 of the male dogs, additional semen samples were analysed.Results
No Chlamydiaceae were detected from any dog.Conclusions
Although the number of dogs that was included is limited, the results suggest that cases of Chlamydiaceae in dogs probably are related to infection from other species, and that dogs in general do not harbour Chlamydiaceae. Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae do not seem to be of major importance for genital or ocular disease in Swedish dogs. 相似文献10.
Hydromorphone is an agonist opioid with potency approximately five times that of morphine and half that of oxymorphone. The purpose of this study was to compare hydromorphone with oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, for sedation in dogs, and to measure plasma histamine before and after drug administration. Ten dogs received IM hydromorphone (H; 0.2 mg kg?1), oxymorphone (O; 0.1 mg kg?1), hydromorphone with acepromazine (H; 0.2 mg kg?1, A; 0.05 mg kg?1) or oxymorphone with acepromazine (O; 0.1 mg kg?1, A; 0.05 mg kg?1) in a randomized Latin‐square design. Sedation score, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and SpO2 were recorded at baseline and every 5 minutes after drug administration up to 25 minutes. Plasma histamine was measured at baseline and at 25 minutes post‐drug administration. Data were analyzed with repeated measures anova . Mean ± SD body weight was 21.62 ± 1.54 kg. Mean ± SD age was 1.07 ± 0.19 years. Sedation score was significantly greater for OA after 5 minutes than O alone (4.1 ± 3.5 versus 1.9 ± 1.5) and for HA after 15 minutes than H alone (8.6 ± 2.9 versus 5.9 ± 2.5). There was no significant difference in sedation between H and O at any time point. There was no significant difference between groups at any time with respect to heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure or SpO2. Mean ± SD plasma histamine (nM ml?1) for all groups was 1.72 ± 2.69 at baseline and 1.13 ± 1.18 at 25 minutes. There was no significant change in plasma histamine concentration in any group. Hydromorphone is effective for sedation in dogs and does not cause measurable increase in histamine. Sedation with hydromorphone is enhanced by acepromazine. 相似文献
11.
Chetboul V Daste T Gouni V Concordet D Trehiou-Sechi E Serres F Pouchelon JL Germain CA Layssol-Lamour C Lefebvre HP 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(1):101-108
Background
Azotemia occurs frequently in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). It could indicate changes in renal hemodynamics.Hypothesis/Objectives
To assess the renal resistive index (RI) in dogs with DMVD, and the statistical link between heart failure class, azotemia, echo‐Doppler parameters, several plasma variables, and RI.Animals
Fifty‐five dogs with naturally occurring DVMD were used (ISACHC class 1 [n = 28], 2 [n = 19], and 3 [n = 8]).Methods
Observational, blinded study, performed under standardized conditions. Physical examination, renal ultrasonography, and echo‐Doppler examinations were performed in awake dogs. The RI of the renal, interlobar, and arcuate arteries were measured. Plasma creatinine, urea, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide concentrations (NT‐proBNP) were determined. Statistical links between variables and RI were tested by means of a general linear model.Results
Although the RI of renal and arcuate arteries were unaffected by ISACHC class, the left interlobar RI increased (P < .001) from 0.62 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) in class 1 to 0.76 ± 0.08 in class 3. It was also higher (P < .001) in azotemic (0.74 ± 0.08) than in non‐azotemic (0.62 ± 0.05) dogs. Similar findings were observed for right interlobar RI. Univariate analysis showed a positive statistical link between NT‐proBNP (P = .002), urea (P < .001), creatinine (P = .002), urea‐to‐creatinine ratio (P < .001), left atrium‐to‐aorta ratio (P < .001), regurgitation fraction (P < .001), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P < .001), shortening fraction (P = .035), and RI.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
In dogs with DMVD, interlobar RI increases with heart failure severity and azotemia but a cause and effect relationship remains to be established. 相似文献12.
Vail DM von Euler H Rusk AW Barber L Clifford C Elmslie R Fulton L Hirschberger J Klein M London C Martano M McNiel EA Morris JS Northrup N Phillips B Polton G Post G Rosenberg M Ruslander D Sahora A Siegel S Thamm D Westberg S Winter J Khanna C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(3):598-607
Background
Effective treatments for dogs with advanced stage mast cell tumors (MCT) remain a pressing need. A micellar formulation of paclitaxel (paclitaxel [micellar]) has shown promise in early‐phase studies.Hypothesis/Objectives
The objective was to demonstrate greater activity for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. The null hypothesis was μp = μL (ie, proportion of responders for the paclitaxel [micellar] and lomustine groups, respectively).Animals
Two hundred and fifty‐two dogs with advanced stage nonresectable grade 2 or 3 MCT.Methods
Prospective multicenter randomized double‐blind positive‐controlled clinical trial. The primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate (CORR) at 14 weeks. A secondary endpoint, biologic observed response rate (BORR), also was calculated. Safety was assessed by the characterization and grading of adverse events (AE).Results
Overall CORR (7% versus 1%; P = .048) and BORR (23% versus 10%; P = .012) were greater for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. Paclitaxel (micellar)‐treated dogs were 6.5 times more likely to have a confirmed response and 3.1 times more likely to experience a biologic observed response. The majority of AE with paclitaxel (micellar) were transient and clinically manageable. Twenty‐seven dogs (33%) receiving lomustine were discontinued because of hepatopathy compared with 3 dogs (2%) receiving paclitaxel (micellar) (P < .0001; odds ratio 26.7).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Paclitaxel (micellar)'s activity and safety profile are superior to lomustine. The addition of an active and novel taxane to the veterinary armamentarium could fill a substantial need and, as its mechanism of action and AE profile do not overlap with currently available TKI, its availability could lead to effective combination protocols. 相似文献13.
H. Dyggve S. Meri T. Spillmann M. Speeti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1717-1723
Background
Immune system involvement is suggested as an underlying cause for Doberman hepatitis (DH) based on female predisposition, lymphocyte infiltration, abnormal hepatocyte expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, and homozygosity for dog leukocyte antigen DRB1*00601.Objective
To measure serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and serum antihistone antibodies (AHA) in Dobermans with hepatitis. To determine whether increased serum ANA or serum AHA could be used to support the diagnosis of Doberman hepatitis (DH).Animals
Privately owned 25 subclinically and 13 clinically affected DH Dobermans and 17 healthy control Dobermans.Methods
Case–control study. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy and line blot tests were employed for the ANA pilot studies and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay for detection of IgG AHA.Results
Indirect immunofluorescence revealed ANA‐positive cases, and line blot showed AHA reactivity. In ELISA, importantly increased concentrations of AHA were found in 92% (23/25) of dogs in the subclinical stage and 84.6% (11 of 13) of dogs in the clinical stage of DH compared with no control dogs (0/17) (P < 0.0005). The mean AHA absorbance values of the blood samples obtained from the 25 subclinical DH dogs (1.36 ± 0.60, mean ± SD) and the 13 clinically affected dogs (1.46 ± 0.49) were significantly higher than in 17 control dogs (0.51 ± 0.18; P < 0.0001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
As the presence of AHA indicates autoimmune activity, our results favor an autoimmune background as one cause for DH. Antihistone antibody could represent a novel means for screening Dobermans with increased serum alanine transaminase concentrations and suspicion of DH. 相似文献14.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation
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B. Pedro J. Dukes‐McEwan M.A. Oyama M.S. Kraus A.R. Gelzer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):86-92
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives
Heart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF.Animals
Forty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated.Methods
Retrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm.Results
All 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Holter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm. 相似文献15.
Risk Factors for Death in Dogs Treated for Esophageal Foreign Body Obstruction: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 222 Cases (1998–2017)
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A.G. Burton C.T. Talbot M.S. Kent 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1686-1690
Background
Limited data exist describing risk factors for death, and long‐term outcomes in dogs with esophageal foreign body (EFB) obstruction.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate short‐ and long‐term outcomes, and analyze risk factors for death in dogs with EFB obstruction. We hypothesized duration of entrapment and treatment type would affect outcome.Animals
A total of 222 dogs were treated for EFB obstruction at an emergency and referral hospital between March 1998 and March 2017.Methods
Medical records for dogs with EFB were retrospectively evaluated.Results
Foreign material most frequently was osseous (180/222 [81%]), with distal esophagus the most common location (110/222 [49.5%]). Duration of clinical signs was not associated with risk of death (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.17; P = 0.2). Entrapment was treated by endoscopy (204/222 [91.8%]), surgery after endoscopic attempt (13/222 [5.9%]), and repeat endoscopy after surgery was recommended but declined (5/222 [2.3%]). In‐hospital case fatality rate was 11/222 (5%). Risk of death was significantly higher with surgery (OR = 20.1, 95% CI 3.59–112.44; P = 0.001), and 5/5 (100%) of dogs died if undergoing endoscopy after surgery was recommended but declined. Increasing numbers of postprocedural complications (OR = 3.44, CI 2.01–5.91; P < 0.001), esophageal perforation (OR = 65.47, CI 4.27–1004.15; P = 0.003), and postprocedure esophageal hemorrhage (OR = 11.81, CI 1.19–116.77; P = 0.04) increased in‐hospital risk of death. Esophageal strictures were reported in 4/189 (2.1%) of survivors available for follow‐up.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Death is uncommon in canine EFB; however, treatment type affects outcome, and these data should be used to guide decision‐making in dogs with EFB. 相似文献16.
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity,Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity,and Urinary F2‐ Isoprostanes as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Anemic Dogs
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A. Kendall A. Woolcock A. Brooks G.E Moore 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(6):1700-1707
Background
Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases and has been documented as a contributor to disease in both the human and veterinary literature. One at‐risk cell is the erythrocyte, however, the role of oxidative stress in anemia in dogs has not been widely investigated.Hypothesis/Objective
Anemic dogs will have an alteration in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a decrease in of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and an increased concentration of urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoP) when compared to healthy dogs.Animals
40 client‐owned dogs with anemia (PCV <30%) age‐matched to 40 client‐owned healthy control dogs.Methods
Prospective, cross‐sectional study. Whole blood GPx activity, plasma TAC, and urinary F2‐isoprostane concentrations were evaluated in each dog and compared between groups.Results
Anemic dogs had significantly lower GPx activity (43.1 × 103 +/‐ 1.6 × 103 U/L) than did dogs in the control group (75.8 × 103 +/‐ 2.0 × 103 U/L; P < 0.0001). The GPx activity in dogs with hemolysis (103 +/‐ 0.8 × 103 U/L) was not significantly different (P = 0.57) than in dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (43.5 × 103 +/‐ 1.1 × 103 U/L). The TAC concentrations (P = 0.15) and urinary F2‐isoprostanes (P = 0.73) did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in anemic dogs indicating oxidative stress. Additional studies are warranted to determine if antioxidant supplementation would improve survival and overall outcome as part of a therapeutic regimen for anemic dogs. 相似文献17.
Retrospective evaluation of the prognostic utility of plasma lactate concentration,base deficit,pH, and anion gap in canine and feline emergency patients
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Casey J. Kohen DVM DACVECC Kate Hopper BVSc PhD DACVECC Philip H. Kass DVM PhD DACVPM Steven E. Epstein DVM DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(1):54-61
Objective
To determine the association of plasma lactate concentration, pH, base deficit (BD), and anion gap (AG) in dogs and cats on presentation to an emergency room with outcome, and to compare the prognostic significance of hyperlactatemia with a concurrent metabolic acidosis with that of hyperlactatemia and a normal metabolic acid–base balance.Design
Retrospective study.Setting
University teaching hospital.Animals
Five hundred sixty‐six dogs and 185 cats that had venous blood gas analysis performed.Interventions
None.Measurements and Main Results
Medical records were reviewed for plasma lactate concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, and acid–base parameters obtained on emergency room admission, clinical diagnosis, and in‐hospital mortality. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality for the hospitalized visit. Median plasma lactate concentration and AG were higher, BD was more negative, and pH was lower, in non‐survivor dogs and cats. The prevalence of hyperlactatemia was 53% in dogs and 30% in cats. Lactic acidosis was present in 42% and 80% of hyperlactatemic dogs and cats, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that plasma lactate concentration, BD, and pH, but not AG, were independent predictors of mortality in dogs, and that only plasma lactate concentration was an independent predictor of mortality in cats. Mortality was highest for animals with lactic acidosis, at 59.8% in dogs and 49% in cats. Mortality in dogs with lactic acidosis was significantly higher than dogs with hyperlactatemia and a normal acid–base status (P < 0.0001).Conclusions
The presence and magnitude of hyperlactatemia on presentation to the emergency room may help identify dogs and cats with high likelihood of in‐hospital mortality, and the presence of lactic acidosis specifically may help identify dogs with yet higher risk of in‐hospital mortality. 相似文献18.
A. Dudley J. Thomason S. Fritz J. Grady J. Stokes R. Wills L. Pinchuk A. Mackin K. Lunsford 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):141-149
Background
Low‐dose aspirin is used to prevent thromboembolic complications in dogs, but some animals are nonresponsive to the antiplatelet effects of aspirin (“aspirin resistance”).Hypothesis/Objectives
That low‐dose aspirin would inhibit platelet function, decrease thromboxane synthesis, and alter platelet cyclooxygenase (COX) expression.Animals
Twenty‐four healthy dogs.Methods
A repeated measures study. Platelet function (PFA‐100 closure time, collagen/epinephrine), platelet COX‐1 and COX‐2 expression, and urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 (11‐dTXB2) were evaluated before and during aspirin administration (1 mg/kg Q24 hours PO, 10 days). Based on prolongation of closure times after aspirin administration, dogs were divided into categories according to aspirin responsiveness: responders, nonresponders, and inconsistent responders.Results
Low‐dose aspirin increased closure times significantly (62% by Day 10, P < .001), with an equal distribution among aspirin responsiveness categories, 8 dogs per group. Platelet COX‐1 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) increased significantly during treatment, 13% on Day 3 (range, ?29.7–136.1%) (P = .047) and 72% on Day 10 (range, ?0.37–210%) (P < .001). Platelet COX‐2 MFI increased significantly by 34% (range, ?29.2–270%) on Day 3 (P = .003) and 74% (range, ?19.7–226%) on Day 10 (P < .001). Urinary 11‐dTXB2 concentrations significantly (P = .005, P < .001) decreased at both time points. There was no difference between aspirin responsiveness and either platelet COX expression or thromboxane production.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Low‐dose aspirin consistently inhibits platelet function in approximately one‐third of healthy dogs, despite decreased thromboxane synthesis and increased platelet COX expression in most dogs. COX isoform expression before treatment did not predict aspirin resistance.19.
Transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy dogs
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Joshua J. Smith DVM Daniel J. Fletcher PhD DVM DACVECC Stacy D. Cooley DVM DACVR Margret S. Thompson DVM DACVR 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(1):31-38