药剂防治西瓜炭疽病田间试验初报

随着农业产业结构调整,东阳市蔬菜、瓜果等经济作物种植面积日益扩大,尤其是设施种植西瓜因种植效益较高,其种植面积连年递增20%左右,2004年已达300hm2。但据近年调查,推广设施栽培西瓜轮作制度以来,瓜类枯萎病发生较少,而炭疽病的发生却有所增加,已成为本市设施西瓜种植过程中     

四川省成都市狭叶十大功劳炭疽病病原菌的鉴定与生物学特性研究

为弄清狭叶十大功劳炭疽病的病原菌,从四川省成都市采集疑似为炭疽病的病叶,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,单孢纯化后通过柯赫氏法则验证为致病菌;根据形态学特征,结合多基因系统学,将病原菌鉴定为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola。该菌对温度的适应范围较广,10~35℃之间均能生长和产孢,最适生长和产孢温度均为30℃;光照对菌丝生长和产孢影响不显著;在pH 3~11之间均能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH为7,产孢最适pH为4;葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖和麦芽糖是菌丝生长的最适碳源,麦芽糖为产孢的最适碳源;蛋白胨是生长和产孢的最适氮源。     

使它隆防除麦田阔叶杂草试验初报

使它隆是美国陶氏化学公司新近开发的除草剂,化学名称为4-氨基-3,5-二氯-6-氟-2-吡啶氧乙酸,通用名fluroxypyr,商品名starane,又名氟氧吡啶,是一种内吸传导型除草剂。现将本站1988年进行的使它隆防除麦田阔叶杂草试验初步结果报告如下。材料和方法 (一)供试药剂     

不同药剂防除油菜田阔叶杂草试验初报

随着农业产业结构的调整、我市大面积麦棉套种改种为油棉连作 ,由于作物改变 ,但草向仍然没有发生变化 ,草向仍以婆婆纳、猪秧秧、繁缕为主。如何选用经济、安全、有效的除草剂防除阔叶作物里的阔叶杂草 ,为此 ,本站去年 1 2月初引进了 3种药剂 ,进行了比较试验 ,其结果小结如下。1　药剂及用量667m2 施 1 5%阔草克 (四川省化学工业研究设计院 ) 1 30 ml、30 %好实多 (江苏省农药研究所南京农药厂 ) 48ml、 1 7.5%林克 (江苏省农药研究所南京农药厂 ) 90 ml、清水对照。2　杀草效果2 .1　综合防效综合杀草效果最佳药剂是阔草克、平均防效为8…     

不同苎麻种质资源对炭疽病的抗性初报

采用室内人工接种法对6份苎麻种质资源进行抗炭疽病鉴定.结果表明,TST16和TST04对胶胞炭疽菌表现高抗,其病情指数分别为10.5和5.1;新苎5号和YSA15表现抗病,病情指数分别为13.6和18.8;TSA28病情指数为37.8,表现中抗;中苎1号表现感病,病情指数为60.2.     

巨星冬用防除麦田阔叶杂草试验初报

为了探索巨星冬用在麦田防除阔叶杂草的应用前景,1989年秋至1990年春在淮阴市内进行多点试验,试验结果如下: 一、材料及方法用美国杜邦公司生产的75％巨星干燥悬浮剂每亩1克、2克,兑水45～60千克手动喷雾,分冬前(分蘖期)、冬后(分蘖拔节期)两期施药,以不用药为对照,共5个处理,重复3次,随机区组排列。小区面积0.01～0.1亩。个别点冬前未用药或增设其它处理。每小区定2点,每点0.11平方米,药前调查不同杂草基数,药后20、40天及年后(冬前用药区)调查株数防效(最后一次增查鲜草重),收获前测产。     

阔草敌防除草坪中阔叶杂草试验初报

草坪中的杂草严重影响其观赏性,且妨碍草坪生长。由于杂草发生密集,草坪又不能进行铲趟,因此杂草很难防除。如能用化除方法解决,无疑是理想的措施。１９９７年在吉林四平金士百啤酒集团院内草坪,１９９８年在本院院内草坪,１９９９年在辽阳经济作物研究所院内草坪进行了阔...     

沙姜炭疽病发生流行规律及药剂防治试验初报

沙姜炭疽病Colletotrichum demati-um(Pers ex Fr)Grore是一种毁灭性的病害.于1988—1989年我们对此病进行了系统观察和药剂防治试验,现初报如下:     

辛酰溴苯腈防除玉米田阔叶杂草试验初报

25%辛酰溴苯腈EC对玉米田通泉草、铁苋菜、鹅不食草、藜等都有较好的防除效果。用药后玉米叶片出现灼伤,但新叶生长正常,对产量无影响。     

48％灭草松水剂防除大豆田阔叶杂草试验初报

48％灭草松水剂对大豆田一年生阔叶杂草具有较好的防除效果,对禾本科杂草无效,杀草谱相对较窄,控草期长.药后40d,48％灭草松3 120 g/hm2对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在90％以上,对大豆安全.     

猫豆炭疽病病原分离与鉴定

猫豆炭疽病主要危害猫豆的叶片、茎蔓和豆荚,导致猫豆品质和产量降低.本研究对猫豆炭疽病的病原进行分离和致病性测定,并通过形态学特征和ITS rDNA序列分析将该病原鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)],该病原菌危害猫豆在国内为首次报道.     

欧李炭疽病病原菌鉴定

欧李〔 Cerasus humilis(Bge)Sok.]属于蔷薇科樱桃属矮生灌木野生果树,也是极具开发潜力的药用植物.欧李具有抗寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄,适应性强的特性,以其植株低矮,果实色艳,风味独特,营养丰富,颇受人们喜爱.欧李果实含钙较高,其种仁为郁李仁药材的主要来源[1].欧李广泛分布于我国的黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、山西等省区.     

辣椒炭疽病病原鉴定及其杀菌剂毒力测定

从贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒基地采集疑似炭疽病的典型的自然发病辣椒果实,采用组织分离、培养、形态学观察、致病性测定以及多基因分子系统学,确定病原菌的种类;采用菌丝生长速率法研究了8种杀菌剂对该病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,引起贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒炭疽病的病原菌为尖孢炭疽菌Capsicum acutatum。室内毒力测定发现8种杀菌剂对尖孢炭疽菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中25%咪鲜胺EC和30%吡唑醚菌酯SC抑制效果最好,EC_(50)分别为0.253 5 mg/L和0.720 3 mg/L;其次为22.5%啶氧菌酯SC和22.7%二氰蒽醌SC,EC_(50)分别为7.249 5 mg/L和21.664 5 mg/L。将30%吡唑醚菌酯SC和22.7%二氰蒽醌SC按照9∶1、6∶4、3∶7、4∶6的比例混配,联合毒力测定和评价结果显示两者混配对该病菌具有协同增效作用,且25%咪鲜胺EC和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC以6∶4、4∶6、8∶2的比例进行混配时也表现出明显的增效作用。引起贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒基地辣椒炭疽病的致病菌为尖孢炭疽菌。咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯、啶氧菌酯和二氰蒽醌对该菌具有较好的抑制作用,可为辣椒炭疽病的田间防治提供参考依据。     

龙牙百合炭疽病病原菌鉴定

To clarify the causal pathogen of bulb rot within Lilium brownii var.viridulum cultivated in Yichun,Jiangxi Province,a field investigation was performed in manufacturing base in 2017.The pathogen was isolated from diseased bulbs and further identified base on morphological characteristics,pathogenicity testing,sequencing alignment and phylogenic analysis.By combining morphological characteristics with analysis of nucleotide sequences on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),actin (ACT),beta-tubulin (TUB2),chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spaethianum.Taken together,the test with Koch's postulates confirmed that C.spaethianum was the pathogen of L.brownii var.viridulum bulb rot.     

龙牙百合炭疽病病原菌鉴定

To clarify the causal pathogen of bulb rot within Lilium brownii var.viridulum cultivated in Yichun,Jiangxi Province,a field investigation was performed in manufacturing base in 2017.The pathogen was isolated from diseased bulbs and further identified base on morphological characteristics,pathogenicity testing,sequencing alignment and phylogenic analysis.By combining morphological characteristics with analysis of nucleotide sequences on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),actin (ACT),beta-tubulin (TUB2),chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spaethianum.Taken together,the test with Koch's postulates confirmed that C.spaethianum was the pathogen of L.brownii var.viridulum bulb rot.     

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium nutrition on strawberry anthracnose

The effects of a range of concentrations of four nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium – in fertilizer solutions on the severity of anthracnose on strawberry cv. Nyoho cultivated under a noncirculation hydroponics system were determined after inoculation with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . Crop growth and tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents of the entire above-ground parts of the plant were also investigated. Elevated nitrogen and potassium concentrations in the fertilizer solution increased disease severity in contrast to phosphorus and calcium. Treatment with either NH₄ or NO₃ nitrogen was not significantly different. The dry weight of the strawberry plants increased significantly with elevated concentrations of nitrogen ( R ² = 0·9078) and phosphorus ( R ² = 0·8842), but was not influenced by the elevated amounts of potassium ( R ² = 0·8587) and calcium ( R ² = 0·6526) concentrations.     

Resistance in water yam (Dioscorea alata) cultivars in the French West Indies to anthracnose disease based on tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay

Reactions of 60 water yam ( Dioscorea alata ) cultivars to three isolates of the yam anthracnose fungal pathogen ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) were evaluated using tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay. Three disease parameters: single score on a scale of 0–6 at the seventh day after inoculation (SD7); area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC); and disease progress rate ( R _d) were compared, and cultivars were classified into disease-response groups using a rank-sum method based on AUDPC scores for the two most virulent isolates. A wide range of variation in resistance of the D. alata cultivars, and significant effects of pathogen isolate and isolate–cultivar interactions, were observed for all disease parameters. The three disease parameters were positively correlated; however, four cultivars showed great dispersions from the regression lines for comparisons of SD7 with the multiple assessments based AUDPC and R _d. The 60 cultivars were separated into resistant ( n  = 12), moderately resistant ( n  = 19), moderately susceptible ( n  = 18) and susceptible ( n  = 11) groups. The potential of the tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay to resistance breeding programmes and further understanding of the yam anthracnose pathosystem is discussed.     

Epidemiology,histopathology and aetiology of olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides in Portugal

Anthracnose is an important disease affecting mature olive fruits, causing significant yield losses, and poor fruit and oil quality. In Portugal, high anthracnose incidence was recorded during 2003–2007 with 41% of 908 orchards surveyed displaying disease symptoms. In another 14% of the orchards, the pathogen was recorded in symptomless plants. Disease severity was on average 36%, frequently reaching 100%. In Portugal, anthracnose is endemic to neglected orchards of susceptible cultivars, but under favourable conditions it can also severely affect less susceptible cultivars. Pathogens were genetically heterogeneous, with Colletotrichum acutatum genetic group A2 as the most frequent (80%), followed by group A4 (12%) and group A5 along with C. gloeosporioides (3–4%), while groups A3 and A6 of C. acutatum were sporadic. Important geographic variations were observed in the frequencies of these populations, accompanied by year‐to‐year populational shifts. Epidemiology and histopathology studies showed the presence of the pathogens on vegetative organs year‐round, particularly on olive leaves and branches, and on weeds. These represent inoculum reservoirs where secondary conidiation occurs, and conidia are then dispersed by spring rains reaching flowers and young fruits or by autumn rains reaching pre‐mature fruits. Unripe fruits were colonized without showing symptoms up to penetration of the cuticle, but further colonization and symptom production was completed only as fruits matured. These findings challenge current control practices, particularly the timing of fungicide treatment, and contribute to improved disease management.     

UV-C照射对草莓炭疽病3种致病菌生活力和致病力的影响

炭疽病是草莓种植中普遍发生、危害严重的病害之一,而UV-C对真菌的生长繁殖有极大的影响。为了探究UV-C辐照对引起草莓炭疽病的3种主要病原菌生长和致病力影响的差异,以果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola、胶孢炭疽菌C.gloeosporioides和暹罗炭疽菌C.siamense为供试菌,分析UV-C辐照对其分生孢子存活、菌丝生长和产孢能力及对草莓叶片致病力的影响。结果显示,在105～420 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照30～120 s)范围内,3种炭疽菌孢子的相对存活率对UV-C辐照剂量的响应存在显著差异,C.gloeosporioides的耐受性最强,C.fructicola最为敏感,辐照剂量420 J/m~2(辐照120 s)下,3种炭疽菌孢子的相对存活率在4%或以下,接近分生孢子的致死剂量。840～1 260 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照4～6 min)下,C.fructicola与C.gloeosporioides菌丝生长对UV-C辐照的耐受性相当;1 680～2 520 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照8～12 min)下,3种炭疽菌对不同时间的UV-C辐照的耐受性...