陕西秦岭地区森林火灾相关性分析

根据秦岭地区历年来发生的森林火灾统计资料,着重分析了地形、气候、植被和人为活动与森林火灾的关系,结果表明:秦岭地区的地形条件和气候要素构成了森林燃烧的火环境,大面积分布的落叶栎林是发生森林火灾的最大隐患,而频繁的人为活动则为发生森林火灾提供了主要火源。     

攀枝花市森林火灾的时空分布及其影响因素

对比分析了攀枝花市历年森林火灾发生次数与为害面积的季节分布、月份分布和市县分布以及影响攀枝花市森林火灾时空分布的气候、地形和人为等因素。结果表明:人为因素是影响攀枝花市森林火灾发生与发展关键因素,在考虑森林火灾发生的自然属性外,要着重考虑人为因素的影响,旨在为攀枝花市森林火灾的预防和扑救工作提供科学的理论依据。     

秦岭林区森林火灾影响要素分析

地形地貌、气候特征相互作用共同构成了森林燃烧的火环境,秦岭林区大面积分布的落叶针叶林、栎类林等森林植被提供了丰富的可燃物,频繁的人为活动为林火的发生提供了火源,这些要素共同造成了森林火灾多发的现状。通过对秦岭林区森林火灾影响要素的探讨,总结出人为火源是森林火灾发生的首要要素的结论,加强人为火源的管控是减少森林火灾的关键。     

特大森林火灾的预防和扑救

森林火灾的发生发展与地理、气候、植被及人为活动有着密切的关系,同时也受局部气象因子的影响,而特大森林火灾的发生也必须有其特定的环境条件。本文阐述了特大森林火灾的发生发展规律,提出了预防和扑救特大森林火灾的一般对策     

祁连山保护区东端人为活动与森林草原火灾相关性分析

分析了人为活动与祁连山东端森林草原火灾的关系,主要包括3个方面:人为活动一方面为森林草原火灾提供了火源,增加了火灾发生的几率,另一方面则减少了可燃物储量,降低了森林草原火灾发生的风险,同时,人为活动也为扑救森林草原火灾提供了便利。提出在祁连山东端森林草原防火工作中,既要坚决杜绝人为火源,又要合理利用资源,减少可燃物储量,消除火灾隐患,还要有效利用当地人力资源,及时扑救森林草原火灾,减少灾害损失。     

浅析智利森林火情势及应急救援体系

全球气候变暖加剧,森林火灾呈现爆发态势,其发生频率与强度均增加。随着森林火灾进入到新的火灾周期,各国的应急救援压力也随之增大。2017年和2023年智利经历了全球关注的大火巨灾。我们分析了智利森林火灾特征、趋势以及大火巨灾下的应急救援体系特点。研究结果表明：1985—2022年间,智利森林火灾次数与面积呈现显著上升趋势,火灾主要发生在10月至次年4月;火灾集中分布在智利的中南部地区的人工林与灌木林;智利火灾的分布与人口密度高度相关,主要受人为活动、可燃物状态和气候条件影响。智利应急救援体系具有组织完善、响应快速、信息共享,以及全民参与等特点。本文通过总结智利森林火灾的基本情况和智利大火巨灾下的应急救援经验,以期为我国森林防灭火工作和应急救援体系建设提供参考。     

如何创新森林防火宣传教育方法

我国森林火灾的发生99%以上是由人为火源引起的。新疆是我国西北地区重要的国有公益林区,由于气候干旱少雨,在山区人为用火火源处置不当的条件下,极易造成森林火灾隐患。因此,在新疆积极加强和开展森林防火宣传教育工作任重而道远。国务院颁布的《森林防火条例》总则第十条规定:"各级人民政府、有关部门应当组织经常性的森林防火宣传活动,     

云南省森林火灾的特点

云南省是我国重点林区之一。全省有森林面积1.43亿亩,复盖率24.9%,林木总蓄积量为9.88亿立方米,居全国第四位。云南地形极为复杂,气候呈“立体”分布,具有多种多样的小气候:热带、亚热带、温带、寒温带的气候类型,森林可燃物类型繁多,森林火灾发生多而复杂。本文仅对森林火灾发生特点进行初步探讨。一、森林火灾发生的特点1、森林火灾集中发生在干季云南干季晴天多,日照充足,气温高,风大,空气干燥。又值农忙季节,生产、生活用火频繁,一旦不慎,最易引起森林火灾,因此,云南的森林火灾主要发生在干季。每年     

青海省玛可河林区森林火灾的发生规律及原因分析

根据玛可河林区近7年森林火灾资料分析,选择着火时间、地点、原因、地类和面积等因素进行相关分析,得出如下结论:森林火灾主要集中在冬、春两季;冬季降水量少,气候干燥,易发生森林火灾,春季正是春耕生产季节,生产性火源和人为火源并重,易发生森林火灾;从火灾空间分布分析,班前地区森林火灾次数最多,其次是王柔和友谊桥地区;从地类分析,牧草地发生火灾面积最大,其次是灌木林地和阔叶林地,有林地较少。     

浅谈中俄边境林地接壤区域森林火灾控制对策及扑救措施

浅谈中俄边境林地接壤区域森林火灾控制对策及扑救措施刘昌维（牡丹江市森林防火指挥部）边境线发生森林火灾组织扑救具有很大的局限性，国界线的人为活动的限定，界线切线面的地形的复杂性，界线两侧资源、社会活动、经营状况及中俄双方对林火管控的差异性，形成了它的特...     

太白县森林火灾成因及预防措施探讨

太白县历年森林火灾统计表明:3～4月是森林火灾的高发期,其次是1～2月。导致国有林林火发生的主要诱因是森林盗伐、农业生产和上坟祭祀;导致集体林林火发生的主要诱因尚待查明。在分析森林火灾成因的基础上,提出森林火灾预防管理措施。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of forest fire frequency and forest area burnt in Jilin Province,Northeast China

Forest fires caused by natural forces or human activities are one of the major natural risks in Northeast China. The incidence and spatial distribution of these fires vary over time and across the forested areas in Jilin Province, Northeast China. In this study, the incidence and distribution of 6519 forest fires from 1969 to 2013 in the province were investigated. The results indicated that the spatiotemporal distribution of the burnt forest area and the fire frequency varied significantly by month, year, and region. Fire occurrence displayed notable temporal patterns in the years after forest fire prevention measures were strictly implemented by the provincial government. Generally, forest fires in Jilin occurred in months when stubble and straw were burned and human activities were intense during traditional Chinese festivals. Baishan city, Jilin city, and Yanbian were defined as fire-prone regions for their high fire frequency. Yanbian had the highest frequency, and the fires tended to be large with the highest burned area per fire. Yanbian should thus be listed as the key target area by the fire management agency in Jilin Province for better fire prevention.     

基于GIS空间分析技术的人为干扰强度火险评价研究

区域森林火灾的人为干扰主要分为人为负干扰和人为正干扰。通过基于GIS的空间分析方法,对人为火源的危险程度和人为正干扰的影响进行了分析与评价,确定了人为负干扰火险指标为农事烧荒、农事炼山造林、上坟、旅游与基本活动,人为正干扰火险指标为投入人力和投入资金,并确定了指标权重、指标度量算法和评价模型,并在实验区进行了验证,以火险等级区划图的形式进行了结果评价。     

滇中地区森林火险等级预报方法的研究

经引起滇中地区森林火灾的主要细小可燃物的含水率及初始蔓延速度的大量试验数据为基础，结合大量林火历史资料，气象历史资料统计分析，找出规律，在对森林火险等级进行实测的基础上，建立数学模型和预报方法。经验证及对预报效果分析证明，本预报方法符合客观实际，是一种符合科学规律、简易、实用的预报方法，同时对引起滇中地区特大森林火灾的大气环流形势及物理量的变化作了分析，掌握了有关规律，为该地区的特大森林火险预报提     

北方森林林火发生驱动因子及其变化趋势研究进展

北方森林作为气候变化最敏感的陆地生态系统之一,近些年来随着林区气候变暖,林火发生的数量和过火面积都呈显著的增加趋势,因此研究北方森林林火发生驱动因子及其变化趋势对维护其生态系统的稳定具有重要意义。文中主要从北方森林林火发生的主要控制因子和未来气候变暖条件下林火发生的预测方法及变化趋势进行综述。研究结果表明,林火的驱动因子既包括在大尺度上气候的作用,也包含植被、地形、可燃物和人类活动等局部尺度的影响。近几年来对气候变暖下林火状况趋势预测更倾向综合考虑气候和局部控制因子的作用。对我国而言,需要在更大的区域尺度上开展林火发生预测的研究。研究认为,北方森林林火变化趋势及预测研究的关键问题在于如何在不同空间尺度上确立林火发生的关键控制因子以及完善现有的林火预测方法。     

Modeling fire susceptibility in west central Alberta, Canada

Strategic modification of forest vegetation has become increasingly popular as one of the few preemptive activities that land managers can undertake to reduce the likelihood that an area will be burned by a wildfire. Directed use of prescribed fire or harvest planning can lead to changes in the type and arrangement of forest vegetation across the landscape that, in turn, may reduce fire susceptibility across large areas. While among the few variables that fire managers can influence, fuel conditions are only one of many factors that determine fire susceptibility. Variations in weather and topography, in combination with fuels, determine which areas are more likely to burn under a given fire regime. An understanding of these combined factors is necessary to identify high fire susceptibility areas for prioritizing and evaluating strategic fuel management activities, as well as informing other fire management activities, such as community protection planning and strategic level allocation of fire suppression resources across a management area. We used repeated fire growth simulations, automated in the Burn-P3 landscape-fire simulation model, to assess spatial variations in fire susceptibility across a 2.4 million ha study area in the province of Alberta, Canada. The results were used to develop a Fire Susceptibility Index (FSI). Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify the key factors that determine variation in FSI across the study area and to describe the spatial scale at which these variables influence fire susceptibility at a given location. A fuel management scenario was used to assess the impact of prescribed fire treatments on FSI. Results indicated that modeled fire susceptibility was strongly influenced by fuel composition, fuel arrangement, and topography. The likelihood of high or extreme FSI values at a given location was strongly associated with the percent of conifer forest within a 2-km radius, and with elevation and ignition patterns within a 5-km radius. Results indicated that prescribed fire treatments can be effective at reducing forest fire susceptibility in community protection zones and that simulation modeling is an effective means of evaluating spatial variation in landscape fire susceptibility.     

国外森林防火工作现状及展望

森林火灾是危害森林的一个重要的自然因子,尤其是近年来全球气候变暖,森林火灾更有增加的趋势。本文根据近年的林火统计资料分析了国外一些国家和地区的森林火灾次数与面积、火灾类型、火灾发生趋势和火灾损失情况,并介绍了这些国家的防火组织机构,对森林防火工作的未来做了展望。     

松阳县生物防火林带布设初探

通过对松阳县2000-2010年森林火灾发生情况的分析,将松阳县划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级森林火险区,在行政区划和森林火险等级区划的基础上,结合区域林中空地、防火公路和山脊线分布等主要影响因子,采用分区控制的方法,确定生物防火林带的空间布局:在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级森林火险区内布设规划生物防火林带,将整个防火林带网络分割成2 691个网格,网眼平均面积为34 hm2,其中Ⅰ级火险区有1909个网格,平均网眼面积为28 hm2,Ⅱ级火险区有782个网格,平均网眼面积为48 hm2;生物防火林带总长度为4 587.1 km,防火网络所形成的网络密度为50.1 m/hm2,防火林带设计宽度应不小于15 m,防火网络总面积占区域面积的7.5%。主要造林树种为木荷(Schima superba)、杨桐(Adinandra millettii)、杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)、浙江红花油茶(Camellia Chekiang-oleosa)、杨梅(Myrica rubra)等。     

Weather and human impacts on forest fires: 100 years of fire history in two climatic regions of Switzerland

Understanding the factors driving past fire regimes is crucial in the context of global change as a basis for predicting future changes. In this study, we aimed to identify the impact of climate and human activities on fire occurrence in the most fire-prone regions of Switzerland. We considered forest fires, land use and meteorological data over the period 1904-2008 in the neighboring mountain cantons (states) of Valais and Ticino, which are characterized by distinct climatic regimes.The presence/absence of fire ignitions was analyzed using the Nesterov ignition index (as a proxy for fire weather), road density (for ignition sources), livestock density (for biomass removal), and change in forest area (for fire-prone abandoned agricultural areas).We found that fire weather played a key role in fire occurrence in both regions. Road and livestock densities had similar influences in the two cantons. However, while the increase in forest area was well correlated with fire occurrence in Ticino, no such correlation was evident in Valais, probably because land abandonment and forest cover change have been less extensive there. Our findings emphasize the non-linear nature of the relationships between fire occurrence and anthropogenic drivers, as we found thresholds above which road density was no longer correlated with fire occurrence. This implies that the projected future increase and spatial concentration of the human population may not result in a further increase in fire risk in intermediately to densely populated areas in both cantons.The driving factors behind fire activity differ slightly in the two cantons, in particular with increasing forest area enhancing fire occurrence in Ticino but not in Valais. These differences should be taken into account when assessing future fire risk, especially in Valais where the potential for an increase in the fire-prone area is still high. Fires are likely to become more frequent in a warmer climate, but future fire activity may develop differently in the two cantons. This should be taken into account when planning optimized fire prevention measures. This case study should help to better understand fire activity in highly populated regions where fire activity is still moderate but might markedly increase under a projected more fire-prone climate.     

腾冲县中缅边境地区森林防火体系建设对策

腾冲县中缅边境地区森林资源极为丰富,但森林火灾隐患大,是森林防火的重点区域,森林防火工作中存在着边境不利的自然条件、火源管理难度大、防火基础设施落后等问题.为提高森林防火的综合防控能力,提出加强林火监测系统、防火基础设施、林区防火公路、林区生物防火隔离带和森林火灾扑救系统建设等森林防火体系建设对策.