四川攀西地区石榴无公害标准化栽培技术

阐述了四川攀西地区无公害石榴栽培园地的选择、规划,植前准备,定植,幼树管理,结果树管理,冬季管理,病虫害防治等技术。     

攀西地区水果中铜、锌、铬、铅、镉含量污染评价

采集四川攀西地区不同水果(枇杷、芒果、石榴、桂圆),测定了其中铜、铅、镉、铬、锌含量,按相关评价标准进行了污染评价,并比较了不同水果对各种重金属元素的累积程度。结果表明:所有水果中各种重金属超标率为0;4种水果污染程度都为安全,污染水平为清洁;枇杷、桂圆对重金属累积能力比芒果和石榴强得多,其中芒果对各种重金属元素的累积能力最弱。     

攀西地区水果中砷汞含量污染评价

采集四川攀西地区不同水果(枇杷、芒果、石榴、桂圆),测定了其中砷汞含量,按相关评价标准进行了污染评价,并比较了不同水果对各种重金属元素的累积程度。结果表明:所有水果中各种重金属超标率为0%;4种水果污染程度都为安全,污染水平为清洁;枇杷、桂圆对重金属累积能力比芒果和石榴强得多,其中芒果对各种重金属元素的累积能力最弱。     

软籽石榴的种植管理技术及其推广措施探析

软籽石榴具有成熟期早、果实大、口感好等特点,受到广大种植户与消费者的青睐,近年来我国多地区先后引入软籽石榴。但是,我国种植软籽石榴的时间不长,种植经验与技术积累不足,需要做好种植管理工作并及时推广相关的种植管理技术,以提高软籽石榴产量与种植面积。基于此,分析软籽石榴的种植管理要点,并给出相应的技术推广策略。     

基于MTM-SVD方法的攀西秋雨变化规律分析

[目的]研究四川省攀枝花市和凉山州(以下简称攀西地区)秋雨时空变化规律,为攀西秋雨气候预测和防灾减灾提供科学依据。[方法]利用1961—2017年攀西地区18个气象站逐日降水量资料,采用MTM-SVD等方法分析攀西秋雨的时空变化规律。[结果](1)攀西秋雨EOF展开第一模态为全区一致变化型,方差贡献率达46.1%,为攀西秋雨主模态,滑动t检验显示攀西秋雨主模态在1995年前后出现过一次显著突变。(2)1961—2017年攀西秋雨有显著的3.2a周期,滑动窗口分析显示1995年之前攀西秋雨的准3a周期非常明显,之后突然消失,转变为显著的准2a周期。(3)以1995年为节点分段研究,1961—1994年攀西秋雨3.4a周期达到了99%的置信度水平,3.0a周期达到了95%的置信度水平。攀西秋雨准3a周期典型循环重建表明,第1a攀西地区整体都为正异常,第2a正异常强度迅速减弱,大部分转变为负异常,第3a攀西大部的负异常强度有所增加,即1995年之前攀西秋雨主要表现为"偏强—偏弱—偏弱"的年际变化过程。(4)1995—2017年攀西秋雨2a周期达到了99%的置信度水平。准2a周期典型循环重建表明,第1a攀西秋雨为全区一致的正异常,第2a异常情况与第1a完全相反,即1995年之后攀西秋雨主要表现为强弱交替的异常演变。[结论]攀西秋雨在1995年前后出现气候突变,1961—1994年主要表现为准3a周期振荡,1995—2017年则以准2a周期为主。     

果树在园林绿化中的作用和应用分析

为了更有效地加快园林实现绿化,为生态营造出良好的环境,通常在园林栽种一些果树。基于此,介绍果园在园林绿化中的作用,分析了果树在园林绿化中的应用现状,并在此基础上提出了果树在园林绿化应用的措施,探讨了果树在园林绿化中的应用前景,希望以此进一步提高人们对果树作用和实际应用的了解,从而更好地促进园林绿化的发展,形成良好的园林生态环境。     

八宝景天在兰州园林绿化中的应用及前景

对八宝景天在兰州地区园林绿化方面的应用现状及特性进行了优势分析,对其在兰州地区的应用前景进行了展望。     

南河渡石榴优质丰产栽培技术

南河渡石榴基地地处豫西丘陵地区 ,干旱少雨 ,土地资源利用率低。通过选育优良品种、科学整枝与施肥、合理灌排、疏花疏果、促使座果、果实套袋、病虫防治、化促落叶、越冬防寒十项栽培技术的推广和实施 ,显著提高了该地区石榴的产量和品质 ,并且创造了较好的经济效益和社会效益     

浅析园林绿化施工中的反季节种植技术

随着我国经济的发展进步,城市建设不断扩大深入,园林绿化作为调节和美化城市生态环境的重要措施,被不断广泛应用,其施工建设水平同时也体现出了当地的经济发展状况和文化内涵。因此,分析园林绿化施工中的反季节种植技术在园林绿化中的特点,研究反季节种植技术的应用方法和注意事项,将对提升我国城市园林绿化施工水平提供一定参考。     

石榴的特征特性及其在水保造林中的应用

从石榴根、茎、叶、花、果的植物学特征方面解析了其所具有的抗干旱、耐瘠薄盐碱、耐水淹、保水保土、丰产稳产等优良特性,实践中的成功范例进一步证实了石榴作为干旱阳坡水保造林树种具有显著的生态和经济效益,应进一步予以推广。     

不同氮肥用量对石榴果实产量和品质的影响

以‘秋艳’石榴为试验材料,研究了不同氮肥用量对其果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可显著提高石榴果实产量,适量施用氮肥可增加石榴果实可溶性固形物、Vc、糖含量,降低石榴果实酸含量,提高石榴果实糖酸比,改善石榴果实的风味;施用氮肥对石榴百粒重、籽粒硬度无显著影响;石榴籽氮元素含量高于石榴皮,石榴汁中氮含量很低,中高氮处理的石榴汁中氮元素含量显著降低,石榴皮和石榴籽中氮元素含量变化不显著;本试验5年生石榴树纯氮施肥用量宜以0.4 kg·株~(-1)为宜。     

生态脆弱区农业经济发展模式及对策研究--以四川攀西地区为例

攀西地区矿产资源贮量之多、组合之丰是我国绝无仅有的，水能资源也名列前茅，且有独具特色的立体气候资源，这一切使攀西成为大西南开发的首位区域。但其农业长期处于发展的初级阶段，这对未来重工业基地建设无疑是一大限制。作者认为，攀西经济贫困的根本原因是对资源劣势--干旱缺水和生态环境脆弱的忽视。本文在对资源优劣势评估基础上，提出生态经济多目标发展模式，即将生态、粮食、致富等问题作为一个整体，同步加以结构转换，形成一种结构功能协调的区域发展系统。     

The high tolerance of different pomegranate cultivars to the excess of boron in irrigation water is due to their capacity to limit boron transport from the root to the leaves

Background : Presently, irrigation waters often have a high concentration of boron (B), and the fruit trees in the Mediterranean areas, in general, are exposed to a high risk of B toxicity. Aims : To test the hypothesis that pomegranate trees are very tolerant to the presence of B in the irrigation water, to elucidate the physiological mechanisms behind this tolerance, and to assess differences between different varieties. Methods : In this study, the physiological and nutritional behavior of three pomegranate cultivars (‘Mollar de Elche', ‘Valenciana', and ‘Wonderful'), treated with five B concentrations (0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg L^?1), were studied. At day 30 and 60 after the start of the treatments, growth measurements, gas exchange parameters and organic solutes were recorded. Results : Almost no significant differences were observed between the B treatments for any of the cultivars. Increasing the B concentration in the nutrient solution increased B concentrations in the leaves, but they never exceed 40 mg kg^?1 of B. In the roots, however, B concentrations were very high, up to 400 mg kg^?1. Conclusion : Pomegranate trees are very tolerant to B excess due to their ability to accumulate B in great quantities in the root, without causing toxicity to this part of the plant, thus limiting its transport to the shoots.     

四川省潜在蒸散量变化及其气候影响因素分析

潜在蒸散(ET_0)是评价某一地区干旱程度的重要指标,在全球气候变暖趋势下,估计ET_0的变化对科学估算作物需水量,提高水分利用率具有重大意义。本文利用四川省1961-2014年151个气象站的气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式分3个区域(四川盆地、攀西地区和川西高原)计算ET_0,并对主要气象因子平均气温、相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速的相对变化率、敏感系数及其对ET_0贡献率的时空变化进行分析。结果表明:四川盆地和川西高原ET_0呈现微弱减少,而攀西地区则呈现一定的增加,其空间分布表现为:攀西地区和川西高原南部年ET_0为高值区,多在1000~1350mm,四川盆地的西南部年ET_0为低值区,多在651~900mm,从西南向东北呈现"高-低-高"趋势。各气象因子对ET_0的影响(对ET_0变化的贡献率)主要取决于敏感性和相对变化率两方面。3个区域ET_0对相对湿度的变化均表现最敏感,其敏感系数分别为-1.13、-1.40、-1.53。在主要气象因子中,在四川盆地和攀西地区,平均风速的多年相对变化率最大(-29.7%、-16.3%),川西高原则为平均温度(40.4%)。进一步分析得出,平均风速在四川盆地和川西高原对ET_0变化的贡献率最大,是主导影响因素,而在攀西地区则为相对湿度。     

山东石榴品种对枝条干腐病的抗性评价及其病原菌鉴定

为明确山东省主要石榴品种对枝条干腐病的抗性及引起枝条干腐病的病原菌种类,本研究对山东省枣庄市的20个主要石榴品种进行田间抗性评价。通过组织分离法对病原菌进行分离,利用柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,并通过显微形态特征观察及分子生物学分析开展病原菌鉴定。结合形态学、致病性测定和分子生物学分析结果,将石榴枝条干腐病病原菌鉴定为单间座壳菌(Diaporthe eres)。抗性评价结果显示,白皮酸、碧榴表现为近免疫;大青皮、秋艳、岗榴1号、大马牙、峄城三白、冰糖籽、黑美人表现为抗病;枣庄玛瑙、墨石榴、九洲红、青皮软籽、黄金榴、枣庄软仁表现为中抗;冠榴、谢花甜、红皮马牙表现为感病;大红袍和泰山红表现为高感。筛选得到的近免疫、抗病品种可作为石榴抗性育种和种质资源改良提供研究材料。本研究结果为山东石榴枝条干腐病的抗病机理研究和系统性防控提供了参考。     

Storage protein and amino acid contents of Tunisian and Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars

In the present study, free amino acids and seed protein contents of pomegranate germplasm from Tunisia and China were conducted using Hitachi L8800 amino acid analyzer, Bradford and Kjeldahl methods. The work offers more consideration to protein pomegranate seeds which can be with great importance regarding the nutritive seed value of this crop. In other hand, the protein and amino acids contents were used to compare the Tunisian and Chinese pomegranate cultivars based on multivariate analyses (principal component and clustering analyses). Results show that the Tunisian and Chinese pomegranate seeds were rich in storage proteins independently of organoleptic taste as sweet, sour sweet or sour. Qualitatively, the storage protein and free amino acids of pomegranate seeds were identical. Besides, the segregation of Chinese and Tunisian pomegranate cultivars into three groups was reveled based on high, low or moderate amino acids contents. Statistically, the differences between organoleptic groups (sweet, sour sweet and sour) were not significant (P?<?0.05). However, the differences between pomegranate cultivars were statistically significant within groups. The separation of cultivars is independent to the organoleptic taste neither the geographical origin.     

攀西地区农业自然资源评价及农业发展潜力分析

在评价攀西地区农业自然资源的基础上,从作物生产潜力、畜牧业发展潜力、生物资源开发潜力、农业产业化及生态农业发展潜力4个方面全面分析了该区的农业发展潜力。通过生态农业与农业产业化的发展,实现该区特色生物资源开发,是该区农业实现快速健康发展的重要途径。     

Determination of lignans in edible and nonedible parts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and products derived therefrom, particularly focusing on the quantitation of isolariciresinol using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn

A method for the characterization and quantitation of phyto-estrogenic lignans from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits and fruit-derived products by HPLC-DAD-MS(n) was developed. For this purpose, edible and nonedible parts of pomegranate (aril, peel, mesocarp, seed, and twigs), commercial juices, juices produced on pilot-plant scale, and encapsulated dietary supplements were analyzed. In addition to the peel, mesocarp, and twigs, lignans were detected in two juices obtained from entire fruits, four commercial juices, and three encapsulated pomegranate extracts. Isolariciresinol was the predominant lignan with contents of 5.0, 10.5, and 45.8 mg/kg dry matter in processed pomegranate mesocarp, peel, and twigs, respectively. In contrast, due to their low amounts, quantitation of lignans in pomegranate products was impossible. Therefore, contrary to previous assumptions, lignans were found to be less relevant in pomegranate-derived products. However, the byproduct from pomegranate processing may be used for lignan extraction. The method presented allows one to differentiate between pomegranate-derived products obtained from fruits without peels or by dejuicing applying low pressures, which were devoid of lignans, and those obtained from entire fruits applying high pressures, thus containing lignans. Consequently, this study helps to optimize process technology aiming at the recovery of preparations with well-desired compositions, which may reduce the risk of a wide range of diseases, such as certain types of cancer.     

Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing

The antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices was evaluated by four different methods (ABTS, DPPH, DMPD, and FRAP) and compared to those of red wine and a green tea infusion. Commercial pomegranate juices showed an antioxidant activity (18-20 TEAC) three times higher than those of red wine and green tea (6-8 TEAC). The activity was higher in commercial juices extracted from whole pomegranates than in experimental juices obtained from the arils only (12-14 TEAC). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analyses of the juices revealed that commercial juices contained the pomegranate tannin punicalagin (1500-1900 mg/L) while only traces of this compound were detected in the experimental juice obtained from arils in the laboratory. This shows that pomegranate industrial processing extracts some of the hydrolyzable tannins present in the fruit rind. This could account for the higher antioxidant activity of commercial juices compared to the experimental ones. In addition, anthocyanins, ellagic acid derivatives, and hydrolyzable tannins were detected and quantified in the pomegranate juices.     

Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models.

Antioxidant-rich fractions were extracted from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels and seeds using ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The extracts were screened for their potential as antioxidants using various in vitro models, such as beta-carotene-linoleate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) model systems. The methanol extract of peels showed 83 and 81% antioxidant activity at 50 ppm using the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH model systems, respectively. Similarly, the methanol extract of seeds showed 22.6 and 23.2% antioxidant activity at 100 ppm using the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH model systems, respectively. As the methanol extract of pomegranate peel showed the highest antioxidant activity among all of the extracts, it was selected for testing of its effect on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The methanol extract showed 56, 58, and 93.7% inhibition using the thiobarbituric acid method, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and LDL oxidation, respectively, at 100 ppm. This is the first report on the antioxidant properties of the extracts from pomegranate peel and seeds. Owing to this property, the studies can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products as well as their use as health supplements and neutraceuticals.