棉花抗黄萎病QTL初步定位

本研究以高抗黄萎病的海岛棉品种海7124和高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种邯郸14组配的F2群体184个株系,构建了一个分子标记遗传连锁图,包括了142个位点和30个连锁群,标记间的平均距离为8.24cM,全长1169.6cM,覆盖棉花总基因组约23.4%。用复合区间作图分析共检测到12个抗黄萎病相关QTL,其中田间抗病性检测到不同时期7个病情指数相关QTL,1个病株率相关QTL,温室苗期抗病性定位4个病株率相关QTL。从绝对量上看,各QTL加性效应从2.20到42.39,显性效应从1.65到32.25,解释表型变异1.09%～22.73%,且田间抗病性获得的QTL与温室苗期抗病性得到的QTL基本相同,其中qFDI711-30-0.01位点距MUSS294仅为0.01cM,加性效应较高解释表型变异22.32%,这对于培育优质抗病材料用于标记辅助育种具有一定的参考价值。     

棉花抗黄萎病基因的QTL定位

以高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种"邯郸208"与高抗黄萎病海岛棉品种"Pima90"的136个F2单株为作图群体,构建了一个包括17个连锁群、标记间平均间距18.61cM、全长1842.8cM的陆海种间分子标记遗传连锁图,该图约覆盖棉花基因组的36.8%。单因子方差分析和复合区间作图检测到与黄萎病抗性相关的3个QTL,分别位于第四连锁群和第七连锁群上,分别解释表型变异方差的15.39%、54.11%和57.18%。初步认为海岛棉"Pima90"对陆地棉"邯郸208"的黄萎病抗性由两个主效QTL和一个微效QTL共同控制。     

棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位研究进展

QTL(quantitative trait locus)定位将控制数量性状的基因分解成单个孟德尔因子进行详细剖析,更为细致地了解数量性状的遗传规律,为加速棉花抗黄萎病的遗传改良奠定基础。本文概述了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位理论和现状,讨论了棉花抗黄萎病QTL定位过程中存在的问题及在遗传改良上的应用前景。     

利用染色体片段代换系定位棉花抗黄萎病QTL

通过陆地棉与海岛棉杂交并与陆地棉回交,获得1个染色体片段代换系苏VR043,抗江苏非落叶型黄萎病菌系BP2。分子检测表明,苏VR043兼有陆地棉苏棉8号的遗传背景和海7124的D4染色体片段。以苏VR043和苏棉8号为亲本构建包含176个单株的F2群体,通过标记分析和F2:3家系抗病鉴定,发现抗病性状与标记NAU3392连锁,p值为2.3×10-12。根据棉花D组染色体测序结果,参照置换区段的基因组序列,合成92对SSR引物;PCR扩增分析发现,有5对引物在苏棉8号和苏VR043之间表现多态性,并将抗病主效QTL定位在标记ZHX32和NAU3392之间,标记间遗传距离为3.2 c M,QTL解释表型变异64.8%。同时参照棉花D组测序结果,提取对应的置换区段序列,预测包含63个基因,基因聚类分析表明7个基因参与抗逆反应,其中1个基因与抗病相关。     

基于F2和RIL群体鉴定棉花抗黄萎病主效QTL

【目的】通过对棉花抗黄萎病性状进行数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位,鉴定可以应用于育种实践的能稳定检测到的主效QTL,为棉花抗黄萎病遗传改良奠定分子基础。【方法】以抗黄萎病品种中植棉2号和感黄萎病品种冀棉11号为亲本杂交的F₂群体和重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体作为作图群体,在对2个群体进行多环境黄萎病抗性鉴定和简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)分子标记检测的基础上进行遗传连锁图谱构建,利用完备区间作图法进行QTL定位,并对获得的主效QTL置信区间进行候选基因挖掘。【结果】在F_2:3家系和RIL群体中共检测到7个抗黄萎病QTL,能够在多个环境条件下重复检测到的QTL有4个,包括q VW-D05-1、qVW-D05-2、q VW-D05-4和qVW-D05-5。共线性分析表明上述4个QTL集中分布于D05染色体上2 293 776～3 205 058 bp和62 407 897～62 582 344 bp 2个区域。4个抗性...     

陆地棉抗黄萎病、纤维品质和产量等农艺性状的QTL定位

用一个高抗黄萎病的陆地棉品系5026和一个高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种李8为材料,构建一个RIL群体.用5 300对SSR引物筛选亲本多态,获得115个多态位点并进行标记间连锁分析,构建了一张包括20个连锁群全长560.1 cM的陆地棉品种间分子标记遗传图谱.RIL家系分两份:一份种于病圃,在苗期和成株期分别考查各家系的发病情况;一份种于大田,调查各家系的产量和纤维品质相关性状.用复合区间作图法对抗病、产量和纤维品质等性状进行QTL定位:在苗期检测到了3个抗病QTL,成株期检测到了1个抗病QTL,解释的变异系数范围是7.4%～11.8%;检测到2个纤维长度、2个纤维强度、1个纤维细度、1个整齐度、1个短纤维指数和2个纤维伸长率等9个与纤维品质相关性状的QTL,解释的变异范围是6.7%～15.7%;检测到了2个皮棉产量、1个籽棉产量、2个单株果枝数、1个单株铃数、2个铃重、1个籽指、1个衣分和1个衣指等11个产量构成因素的QTL,解释的变异方差范围是4.1%～10.6%,这些结果为棉花抗病育种同时兼顾产量和品质育种提供了非常有用的信息.     

基于黄褐棉导入系群体定位抗黄萎病QTL

【目的】黄萎病(Verticillium wilt)是棉花生产中的最主要病害,且棉花黄萎病的致病机理尚不清楚。通过构建黄褐棉导入系群体定位棉花黄萎病抗性相关的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL),为抗黄萎病分子标记开发和辅助育种提供参考。【方法】以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)B0011为轮回亲本、黄褐棉(G.mustelinum)为供体亲本,构建有71个株系的BC₅S₅群体。利用2 839个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记结合表型值进行黄萎病抗性相关QTL定位。【结果】共检测到15个与黄萎病抗性相关的QTL,可解释4.21%～26.77%的表型变异。加性效应分析表明：其中6个QTL的有利等位基因来源于黄褐棉,9个QTL有利等位基因来自B0011。同时,qVW-A01-1、q VW-A02-2和qVW-A07-2在2个及以上环境中被检测到,表型变异解释率分别为15.56%～16.56%、11.95%～24.62%和13.22%～16.7...     

陆地棉抗黄萎病性状的遗传及分子标记研究

 以陆地棉抗黄萎病品系常96和感病品种军棉1号为研究材料,构建了一个含有138个F₂单株的作图群体。利用强致病力菌株VD8对P₁、P₂、F₁、F_2：3群体进行营养钵接种,估算各世代的相对病指。应用主基因 多基因混合遗传模型分析得出该组合的最适遗传模型为C-0模型,即加性-显性-上位性多基因模型。对1998对SSR引物和230对SRAP引物进行筛选,获得148个SSR和6个SRAP多态性标记位点,进一步利用MAPMAKER作图软件,构建了一张含122个标记位点的陆陆杂种遗传连锁图。利用复合区间作图法在第9染色体NAU462-JESPR114区间内,检测到1个抗黄萎病QTL,可解释的表型变异为13.8%。     

利用BC2F2高代回交群体定位水稻籽粒大小和形状QTL

以我国优良籼稻恢复系蜀恢527为轮回亲本, 以来自菲律宾的Milagrosa为供体亲本, 培育了样本容量为199株的BC₂F₂高代回交群体。选取85个均匀分布在12条染色体上的多态性SSR标记进行基因型分析, 同时对粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重4种性状进行了表型鉴定。采用性状－标记间的单向和双向方差分析对上述性状进行了QTL定位。单向方差分析(P<0.01)共检测到了10个控制粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重的QTL, 其中有3个具有多效性。由于粒长和长宽比的高度相关性, 控制长宽比的2个QTL均能在粒长QTL中检测到。位于第3染色体着丝粒区域的qgl3b是一个控制粒长、长宽比和千粒重的主效QTL, 它可以分别解释粒长、长宽比和千粒重表型变异的29.37%、26.15%和17.15%。该QTL对于粒长、长宽比和千粒重均表现较大的加性效应(来自蜀恢527的等位基因为增效)和负向超显性。位于第8染色体的qgw8位点是一个控制粒宽的主效QTL, 同时也是控制千粒重的微效QTL, 能解释粒宽表型变异的21.47%和千粒重表型变异的5.16%。该QTL对粒宽和千粒重均具有较大的加性效应(来自蜀恢527的等位基因为增效)和正向部分显性。双向方差分析(P<0.005)共检测到61对显著的上位性互作, 涉及54个QTL, 其中23个是能同时影响2~4个性状的多效位点, 且有8个位点与单向方差分析检测到的相同。控制长宽比的13对上位性互作位点中, 与控制粒长的上位性互作位点完全相同的有8对。以上结果为进一步开展水稻籽粒大小和形状有利基因的精细定位、克隆和分子设计育种奠定了基础。     

Mapping of Verticillium Wilt Resistance QTL with Interspecific Advanced Backcross Population between Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Sea-Island Cotton (G. barbadense L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. [Method]In this study, with the cultivar Lumianyan 28(Gossypium hirsutumL.) as the recipient parent and the F₁generation obtained from the cross Hai7124 (G. barbadense) and TM-1(G. hirsutumL.) as the donor parent, an interspecific advanced backcross population was constructed. Compared with the integrated high density genetic linkage map published, simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers of polymorphism were used to construct genetic linkage map. QTLs detection was conducted by composite interval mapping method in field and disease nursery. [Result] 216 simple sequence repeated (SSR) markers of polymorphism were assigned to 26 Chromosomes with a total map distance of 3 380 cM and an average distance of about 15.77 cM between two adjacent markers. Six QTLs located on 6 chromosomes had been detected and could explain phenotypic variance with 8.56%～20.26%. Five of Six QTLs were consistent with the previous study. Moreover, one novel QTL which located on Chromosome 1 was detected in this study. These results maybe helpful for the marker-assisted development of new cultivars which were resistant to Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] Six QTLs were detected, one of them is a new QTL on chromosome 1.     

陆地棉产量相关性状的QTL定位

中棉所28和湘杂棉2号分别是以中棉所12×4133和中棉所12×8891配制而成的两个陆地棉强优势杂交种。以其F₂为作图群体,筛选6000多对SSR引物,利用两群体间27个共有多态位点,通过JoinMap 3.0软件整合了一张包含245个多态位点、全长1847.81 cM的遗传图谱。利用Win QTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法分别对两群体8个产量相关性状在F₂和F_2:3中进行QTL定位,在中棉所28群体多环境平均值的联合分析中检测到16个QTL,三环境分离分析中检测到43个QTL;在湘杂棉2号群体分别检测到20个和66个QTL。在A3、D8、D9等染色体上有QTL成簇分布现象,同时在两个群体中发现一些不受环境影响且稳定遗传的QTL。对考察的8个性状在两个群体中发现12对共有QTL,控制果枝数、衣分和籽指的QTL增效基因位点均来源于共同亲本中棉所12。综合分析推测中棉所12的育种价值主要是通过提高后代的结铃性来实现的。研究结果为棉花产量性状的分子设计育种提供了有用的信息。     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

陆海杂种高代回交自交系纤维细度性状相关性分析

 利用陆地棉34B与海岛棉Giza70杂交所得的稳定的高代回交自交系BC₂F_4:6 、BC₂F_4:7家系,开展了三个环境下纤维细度等品质性状的相关分析。结果表明：1)纺纱均匀指数与长度、整齐度、比强度呈极显著正相关,与伸长率呈极显著负相关。纤维长度和比强度间均存在极显著的正相关,与伸长率呈极显著负相关。2) HVI 900测定的麦克隆值与比强度和纺纱均匀指数呈极显著负相关;成熟度比率与麦克隆值呈显著或极显著正相关,与线密度呈极显著负相关,与其它性状间的相关性三个环境下都不一致;线密度与纺纱均匀指数呈极显著正相关,与长度、比强度均达到极显著或显著负相关,与整齐度不相关,与伸长率为负相关。相对而言,线密度与各性状的相关性要比HVI 900测定的麦克隆值和成熟度比率稳定,受环境影响小,有必要进一步加强对线密度的选择及深入研究。     

Evaluation and QTL Mapping of Tolerance to Salinity Using Interspecific Introgression Lines from Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum

[Objective] Tolerance evaluation is the basis for cotton salinity-resistant breeding. [Method] Relative growth of cotton plants at seedling stage for 148 introgression lines was used to evaluate the tolerance to salinity. [Result] The results demonstrated that salt damage coefficients were significantly different from each other, with an average 61.22% ranging from 1.34% to 100%. Based on the salt damage coefficient, 148 introgression lines were divided into three groups; group 1 (23.65%) was more tolerant than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient less than 29.35%; group 2 (39.19%) was more sensitive than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient from 29.35%―71.70%; group 3 (37.16%) was more sensitive than the susceptible parent with the salt damage coefficient above 71.70%. [Condusion] Mapping of QTLs (Quantitative trait locus) for salt-tolerant traits indicated that 23 QTLs for tolerance-related traits were detected. Among them, 12 QTLs were aggregately distributed on chromosomes A05, A12, D05 and D11. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible for screening salt-tolerant introgression lines from Gossypium barbadense into G. hirsutum, especially by molecular marker-assisted selection for specific chromosomes with high efficiency.     

QTL Analysis of Fiber Yield and Quality and Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Using Gossypium hirsutum and G.barbadense Advanced Backcross Populations

To introgress elite QTL alleles of Gossypium barbadense L.for fiber yield and quality and resistance to Verticillium wilt into G.hirsutum L.,enlarge the genetic base of G.hirsutum,and provide new germplasm resources for the variety development,the cultivars Zhongmiansuo 36,G.hirsutum,and Hai 1,G.barbadense,were used as recurrent and donor parent,respectively,to produce BC1 F1,BC1S1,and BC2F1 populations.QTL analyses of fiber quality,yield-related,Key words: interspecific backcrosss; AB-QTL; fiber quality; yield; Verticillium wilt resistance     

陆地棉种子物理性状QTL定位

定位棉花种子性状的基因对揭示棉花种子性状的遗传规律,以及明确棉花种子、产量、纤维品质等性状间的遗传关系具有重要意义。以(渝棉1号×T586) F_2:7重组近交系群体构建的遗传连锁图谱,在鉴定270个家系3个环境种子物理性状的基础上,利用MQM作图方法,共检测到34个种子物理性状QTL,包括9个种子重(qSW)、5个短绒重(qFW)、3个短绒率(qFP)、8个种仁重(qKW)、6个种子壳重(qHW)和3个种仁率(qKP)QTL,它们可解释4.6%~80.1%的性状表型变异。9个QTL在2个或3个环境中被检测到,其中包括第12染色体显性光子位点的短绒重与短绒率QTL,以及另外7个微效应QTL。34个QTL分布于15条染色体,其中A染色体组20个,D染色体组14个。有12个染色体区段分布有2个或2个以上的QTL,而且同一染色体区域同一亲本所具有的不同性状QTL的方向大多数与性状表型相关系数的正负一致。