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黑龙江省黑土丘陵漫岗区水土保持林生态效益研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对水土保持林体系区域性生态效益进行观测和分析 ,结果表明 :水土保持林具有较强的气温调节作用和减少水分蒸发作用 ;水土保持林内在生长季节各月平均湿度大于林外 ,并具有很强的截留降雨作用 ,平均截持率达 2 2 % ;并且改善了土壤结构和理化性质 ,减少了地表径流和土壤流失 相似文献
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黑土区种植沙棘,对水土流失治理、遏制土地沙漠化起到极大的作用。种植沙棘具有投资少、产量高、效益好、技术易掌握等优点,获得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。是农村调整产业结构,农民脱贫致富的好途径。 相似文献
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典型黑土区水土保持林土壤结构性特征的对比研究(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以典型黑土区水曲柳林、落叶松林、樟子松林、云杉林及撂荒地为对象,通过对土壤容重、非毛管孔隙/毛管孔隙(NCP/CP)、广义土壤结构指数(GSSI)的测定、计算与对比分析,研究了不同类型人工水土保持林对土壤结构性特征的影响。结果表明:在所研究的0-30cm土层范围内,水曲柳林和落叶松林在降低土壤容重方面略好于樟子松林和云杉林,降低幅度为8.04%-1 1.01%,落叶松林与云杉林和樟子松林之间差异均达显著水平(p0.05),而水曲柳林仅与云杉林差异显著(p0.05);林地土壤的平均NCP/CP值均显著高于撂荒地(p0.05),增加幅度范围为59.75%~128.82%,土壤透气性、透水性能力提高,并以落叶松林提高幅度最大;各林地的平均GSSI值均显著高于撂荒地(p0.05),增加幅度范围为2.98%-4.36%,说明林分可以有效改善土壤结构,使其能够更加接近旱地土壤理想结构,以水曲柳林和云杉林改良效果相对较强,但实现趋近理想土壤结构的途径、即相态的变化方式有所不同。研究结果可为科学评价典型黑土区植被恢复对土壤质量的影响和深入系统研究水土保持林构建提供理论依据。图3表2参17。 相似文献
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情况五常市位于黑龙江省的最南部,是黑龙江省的“南大门”,地处长白山系张广才岭西麓,坐落于群山余脉之中。地貌特征为:以山区、丘陵为主,山峦重叠,丘陵起伏,山川交错,素有“六山一水半草二分半田”之称。全市总面积为7501km2。全市行政区有24个乡镇和市林业局所属的12个国有林场。全市地方林业经营总面积为18.9万hm2,林业用地面积18.6万hm2,其中有林地面积14.9万hm2,森林总蓄积1263.8万m3,疏林地面积271hm2,灌木林地面积9181hm2,未成林造林地面积7779hm2,无林地面积2019… 相似文献
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饮用水作为一类用途最为重要的水资源,由于存在着管理机构不健全,责任不到位等问题,水源地水土流失日趋严重,老百姓饮用水安全正逐步受到威胁。饮用水水源保护问题已成为关系国计民生的重大问题。文章通过分析水源地水土流失原因,提出了治理措施。 相似文献
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我国水土流失危害及防御对策 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
分析了我国水土流失对国民经济造成的危害,因地制宜地提出了防治水土流失的对策;(1)良化生态环境;(2)坚持土地的综合治理;(3)坚持小流域治理;(4)提高江河湖海的防洪能力;(5)加大水土保持的执法力度;(6)增强保水保土意识。 相似文献
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Maria Ivanilda de Aguiar Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier Eduardo de Sá Mendonça João Ambrósio Araújo Filho Teógenes Senna de Oliveira 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):277-289
Inadequate soil management practices adopted in the Brazilian semi-arid region contribute to erosive processes. Agroforestry
systems (AFs) have been considered an alternative to reduce water erosion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two
alternatives AFs, a traditional and an intensive cropping system on the losses of sediments, water, organic carbon and nutrients
caused by water erosion in comparison to the natural vegetation (caatinga) in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. The
agroecosystems studied were: agrosilvopasture (AGP) which consisted of an alley cropping system, cultivated with Leucaena leucocephala and maize, within an area composed by 22% of native trees (200 native trees per hectare) which was grazed during the dry
season; silvopasture (SILV) that was composed by 38% of native trees (260 trees per hectare) with a stocking rate of 20 ewes
during whole year; traditional agrosilvopasture (TRAG) being managed as following: total deforestation, burning of the residues,
cropped with maize for 2 years (1998 and 1999) and fallow during 8–10 years; and intensive cropping (IC) system which was
deforested and burned in 1997 followed by cultivation of maize from 1998 to 2002, and thereafter by a fallow period of 8–10 years
similar to TRAG. Two areas of native forest (NF1, NF2) known as ‘caatinga’, used as grassland during the dry season and as
a source of wood, were selected and used as reference of steady state in the comparative study in relation to the cultivated
sites. Sediment and water losses as a result of erosion were collected during two rainy seasons, i.e. 2003 and 2004, and nutrients
and organic carbon contents were determined. Soil samples were collected and organic carbon, pH in water, pH in KCl, water
dispersible clay (WDC) and hydraulic conductivity (K0) were measured. In 2003, sediment and water losses did not differ significantly among all treatments. However, in 2004, TRAG
(0.70 Mg ha−1) and NF1 (1.37 Mg ha−1) showed the highest sediment losses, whereas TRAG and IC presented the highest water losses. On average, nutrients losses
in cropped areas were lower than in natural vegetation (NF1, NF2). The alternative AFs (AGP, SILV) were efficient to reduce
water erosion effects when compared to the most common agricultural practices adopted in the region, being highly recommended
as sustainable technical alternatives for food production in the region. 相似文献
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水蚀风蚀交错区典型人工林土壤水分亏缺特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为充分了解水蚀风蚀交错区典型林地土壤水分差异性及其生态水文效应,选择陕西省延安市吴起县水蚀风蚀交错区长城镇退耕还林后形成的典型人工林(小叶杨、山杏、山桃、柠条、河北杨和沙棘林)为研究对象,采用烘干法测定土壤含水量,分析0~300 cm土层土壤水分季节变化特征、贮水量特征和土壤贮水亏缺程度。结果表明:在0~300 cm土层,6种林地土壤水分具有明显的垂直变异特征,即随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量先升高后降低;6种林地各土层的土壤含水量均具有明显的季节变化特征,且变异系数在表土层较大,随着深度的增加而减小;6种林地土壤水分活跃层存在一定的差异性;其中,沙棘林土壤水分活跃层最深(0~80 cm),其它林地相对较浅(20~40 cm);在0~100 cm土层,各林地土壤贮水量垂直变化趋势差异较大,且小叶杨、河北杨与沙棘林差异显著(P<0.05),沙棘各季节土壤贮水量随着土层深度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。不同植被类型土壤贮水亏缺度存在差异,土壤水分亏缺度在季节上表现为秋季>春季>夏季。 相似文献
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为了提高退耕还林 (草 )地的经济和生态效益 ,确保农民增加收入 ,改善生活。现将坡耕地水平沟整地操作程序与乔、灌、草的配置模式作以介绍。1 划线定带株行距的选定应按栽植的树种而定。如栽植红枣 ,可按 3m× 4m或 2 .5m× 4m ,植苗 82 5~ 90 0株 hm2 ,如图 1。图 1 划线定带式1.原耕地坡面 2 .划定的带距 3.水平沟带线2 熟土上翻将 1m宽水平沟挖沟处 ,地内的表土全部上翻 ,如图 2。图 2 熟土上翻式1.原耕地坡面线 2 .1m宽挖沟处 3.上翻熟土堆3 生土下翻把宽深挖 1m的生土 ,全部外翻 ,围成“三保”堰 ,如… 相似文献
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楚雄市三街镇总面积20503hm2,而水土流失面积为1342hm2,占65.5%,造成水土流失的原因,有地形、地质、土壤、植被、降雨筹自然因素,也有森林植被遭破坏、陡坡开垦、过度放牧、采煤挖路筹人为因素。由于水土流失造成降低土壤肥力、淤积河道、泥沙覆盖农田,以及山体塌方、滑坡筹灾害。提出了今后的防治措施。 相似文献