鸡传染性贫血病流行特点与诊断方法

鸡传染性贫血病 (Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓａｎｅｍｉａ,ＣＩＡ)最早被称之为贫血综合征、贫血皮炎综合征、出血性贫血病、贫血因子病等。其病原于 1979年首次分离并确定 ,早期被称作鸡贫血因子 (Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｅｍｉａａｇｅｎｔ,ＣＡＡ)或鸡传染性贫血病毒 (Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＩＡＶ) ,以后逐渐统一称作鸡贫血病毒(Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＡＶ) [1] 。ＣＩＡ由日本学者Ｙｕａｓａ等于1979年首次报道 ,此后相继在西德、瑞典、英国、丹麦、波兰、美国、澳大利…     

雏鸡传染性贫血

雏鸡传染性贫血雏鸡传染性贫血（ＣｈｉｃｋｅｎＩｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓＡｎａｅｎｉａ，ＣＩＡ），也称鸡贫血因子感染症、蓝翅病、贫血─—皮炎综合症，是由鸡贫血因子（ＣＡＡ）引起的一种雏鸡的亚急性传染病。主要表现为雏鸡死亡率增高，因骨髓造血组织萎缩而致贫血、皮...     

养鸡技术讲座：第六十二讲 鸡传染性贫血

养鸡技术讲座第六十二讲鸡传染性贫血连云港动植物检疫局朱其太鸡传染性贫血是由目前尚未分类的小病毒——鸡贫血因子（ＣｈｉｃｋｅｎＡｎｅｍｉａＡｇｅｎｔ，ＣＡＡ）引起的雏鸡一种传染病，特征是再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩，是继鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）之...     

鸡传染性贫血病毒感染胸腺集落刺激因子对骨髓粒单系祖细胞增殖功…

本文研究了鸡传染性盆血病毒感染鸡胸腺ＣＳＦ对正常鸡骨髓粒单系祖细胞增殖功能的影响。结果表明，雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后１４天胸腺ＣＳＦ对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ刺激作用与对照鸡比较未见明显异常。感染后２１天，刺激作用较对照鸡明显增强；感染２８天以后，其刺激作用达正常鸡水平。结果证明，ＣＩＡＶ感染引起的骨髓造血机能障碍与胸腺ＣＳＦ活性无关。     

间接免疫荧光检测禽脑脊髓炎病毒抗体

ＡＥＶＶａｎＲｏｅｋｅｌ鸡胚适应株在鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）和鸡胚神经胶质细胞（ＣＥＢ）传代,用盲传至第６代的ＣＥＦ、ＣＥＢ制成荧光标本。建立了ＡＥＶ荧光抗体检测方法,确定了待检血清稀释度１∶１０和荧光抗体ＦＩＴＣ羊抗鸡ＩｇＧ的稀释度１∶１０的工作浓度。通过对ＮＤＶ、ＭＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＡＩＶ、Ｒｅｏ等标准阳性血清的交叉试验,证实该法特异性强,且简单、方便、经济,适合于鸡群ＡＥＶ抗体的检测。     

雏鸡在感梁IBDV后血浆cAMP,cGMP和IL—2水平变化

在经ＩＢＤ弱毒苗免疫和未免疫的３０－５９日龄ＡＡ鸡研究了感染ＩＢＤＶ后血浆ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ和ＩＬ－２水平动态变化。结果表明：示免疫攻毒鸡（Ａ组）、免疫攻毒鸡（Ｂ组）和未免疫未攻毒鸡（Ｃ组）在ＩＢＤＶ攻毒前１天血浆ＣＡＭＰ和ＣＧＭＰ水平Ｂ组明显高于Ａ和Ｃ组,ＣＡＭＰ／ＣＧＭＰ幽会同样是Ｂ组高于或明显高于Ａ和Ｃ组,ＩＬ－２水平三组之间无明显差异。在攻毒后的头５天内,Ｂ和Ｃ组ＣＡＭＰ明显升高,而Ａ组     

抗原捕捉ELISA与常规方法滴定IBDV的比较

作者建立了两种抗原捕捉酶联免疫吸附试验方法（多抗和单抗ＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ），用于滴定用不同宿主系统增殖的传染性氏囊毒病，这些宿主系统包括ＢＧＭ－７０传代细胞系。鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡法氏囊，两种检测方法都有较高的特异性，但是多克隆ＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ比单克ＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ更加敏感（Ｐ〈０．０５），结果还表明，滴定ＩＢＤＶ抗原的常规方法（细胞培养物和鸡胚）比多抗ＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ更敏感。     

贵州部分地方鸡品种的血浆酯酶多态性研究

采用水平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对贵州及河南,广东,江西部分地方鸡品种及有关外来鸡种类共１３个种群、１２２５只个体血浆酯酶－１（Ｅｓ－１）的多态性进行检测。结果：Ｅｓ－１位点存在Ａ、Ｂ和Ｃ３种谱带及ＡＡ、ＡＢ、ＢＢ、ＡＣ、ＢＣ、ＣＣ６种表型（基因型）。各鸡种的表型分布具有明显的地域性特点,同时还可见基因频率与各鸡种的经济用途之间具有一定的关系。Ｘ＾２检验表明,有９个鸡种的表型分布比例极显著偏离了Ｈ     

鸡传染性贫血病骨髓造血祖细胞增殖功能研究

鸡传染性贫血病骨髓造血祖细胞增殖功能研究周志勇，刘忠贵（东北农业大学动物医学系，黑龙江哈尔滨１５００３０）鸡传染性贫血病毒（Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ，ＣＩＡｖ），又称贫血因子（Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｍｉａａｇｅｎｔ，ＣＡＡ）...     

带母源抗体的青年鸡皮下接种传染性法氏囊病活疫苗的效果

在１日龄和３周龄鸡的脾粘着（ＣＳＡ）细胞中，检测到了被正常鸡血清（ＮＣＳ）中和过的传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）的感染性，有３周龄鸡的（ＣＳＡ）细胞中，检测到了被母源抗体（ＭＮ－Ａｂ）中和过的ＩＢＤＶ的感染性。此外，发现１日龄鸡制备的ＣＳＡ细胞含有补体受体（ＣＲ），１周龄鸡制备的ＣＳＡ细胞既含有ＣＲ又有Ｆｃ受体（ＦｃＲ）。然而，即使ＣＳＡ细胞上的ＦｃＲ被热凝集ＮＣＳ（５６℃，６０分钟）阻断的情况下，     

Biotin-Streptavidin Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Chickens

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in a homologous system with bacterial ultrasonic-treated proteins as the antigen and antisera from chickens infected orally and subcutaneously with the strain Campylobacter jejuni serovar 6 (CJ 6). The cut-off level was determined using antisera from non-infected specific-pathogen-free chickens up to the age of 10 weeks. The suitability of the ELISA system was verified using antisera taken from chickens orally infected at the age of 4 weeks with CJ 1, 6, 28 or 36 or with Campylobacter coli serovar 28 (CC 28). The development of antibodies was monitored up to 6 weeks post-infection (p.i.). Sera from chickens infected with CJ 1, 6, 36 or CC 28 contained specific antibodies to Campylobacter, whereas in those infected with CJ 28 no specific antibodies were found. Distinct cross-reactions were observed between CJ 6, 28 and CC 28 antigens and their antisera 6 weeks p.i., while poor cross-reactions were found with antisera to CJ 1 and 28. Antibodies to strains of all heterologous serovars were successfully detected with an antigen pool comprised of CJ 1, 6 and 36 antigens. In 11 out of the 12 field sera obtained from 5- and 9-week-old broiler chickens suffering from campylobacteriosis, high specific antibody titres to Campylobacter jejuni were found.     

A monoclonal antibody-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serovar-specific antibodies to Haemophilus paragallinarum

Two monoclonal antibody-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (B-ELISAs) were developed to detect serovar-specific antibodies to Haemophilus paragallinarum. One assay detected antibodies against serovar A and the other antibodies against serovar C. The assays were evaluated with sera derived from disease-free chickens as well as chickens experimentally immunized and/or challenged with H. paragallinarum strains 0083 (serovar A), Modesto (serovar C), or HP31 (serovar C). When tested with 440 negative sera (170 from a specific-pathogen-free and 30 from each of nine commercial layer flocks), both tests gave only a single false-positive reaction. The use of the B-ELISAs with the experimentally produced sera showed the assays to be serovar specific. With the exception of one serum, the serovar A B-ELISA detected antibodies only in the chickens vaccinated with 0083. Similarly, with the exception of one serum, the serovar C B-ELISA detected antibodies only in those chickens vaccinated with Modesto or those chickens challenged with HP31. Overall, the serovar A B-ELISA had a specificity of 99.7% and a sensitivity of 78.7%, whereas the serovar C B-ELISA had a specificity of 99.8% and a sensitivity of 64.7%.     

Biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in chickens.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in a homologous system with bacterial ultrasonic-treated proteins as the antigen and antisera from chickens infected orally and subcutaneously with the strain Campylobacter jejuni serovar 6 (CJ 6). The cut-off level was determined using antisera from non-infected specific-pathogen-free chickens up to the age of 10 weeks. The suitability of the ELISA system was verified using antisera taken from chickens orally infected at the age of 4 weeks with CJ 1, 6, 28 or 36 or with Campylobacter coli serovar 28 (CC 28). The development of antibodies was monitored up to 6 weeks post-infection (p.i.). Sera from chickens infected with CJ 1, 6, 36 or CC 28 contained specific antibodies to Campylobacter, whereas in those infected with CJ 28 no specific antibodies were found. Distinct cross-reactions were observed between CJ 6, 28 and CC 28 antigens and their antisera 6 weeks p.i., while poor cross-reactions were found with antisera to CJ 1 and 28. Antibodies to strains of all heterologous serovars were successfully detected with an antigen pool comprised of CJ 1, 6 and 36 antigens. In 11 out of the 12 field sera obtained from 5- and 9-week-old broiler chickens suffering from campylobacteriosis, high specific antibody titres to Campylobacter jejuni were found.     

Serological response of chickens either vaccinated or artificially infected with Haemophilus paragallinarum

The serological response of chickens either vaccinated or artificially infected with Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) serovar A or C was investigated using both a specific hemagglutinin (HA) antigen and a common HA antigen. With Hpg serovar A, both vaccinated and artificially infected chickens produced hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to Hpg serovar-specific and Hpg common HA antigens. Most chickens vaccinated with Hpg serovar C had detectable HI antibodies to both types of HA antigen by 3 weeks postvaccination, after which titers gradually declined. In contrast, most chickens artificially infected with serovar C produced HI antibodies to only the common HA antigen; very few of these chickens produced HI antibodies to the serovar-specific HA antigen.     

应用间接ELISA检测鸡痘病毒抗体方法的建立

建立了检测鸡痘病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法。应用该方法检测鸡痘阳性血清，其灵敏度为琼脂扩散试验的400～800倍，而且还具有特异性强、操作简便、快速等特点。     

An evaluation of the role of antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 and 15 in the protection provided by sub-unit and live streptomycin-dependent pleuropneumonia vaccines

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the serological response of pigs receiving either the Porcilis APP vaccine or a modified live vaccine based on a streptomycin-dependent (SD) strain of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and then challenged with an Australian isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae of either serovar 1 or 15 as a means of understanding the protection provided by both vaccines against serovar 1 but not against serovar 15. DESIGN: The serological tests evaluated were serovar-specific polysaccharide ELISA tests (for serovar 1 and 15), ELISA tests for antibodies to three A. pleuropneumoniae toxins (ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII) as well as to a 42 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP), a haemolysin neutralisation (HN) assay and immunoblotting. The tests were used to detect antibodies in vaccinated pigs that had been shown to be protected against serovar 1 but not serovar 15. RESULTS: In the polysaccharide antigen ELISA assays, both vaccines resulted in a significant rise in the titre in the serovar 1 ELISA but not the serovar 15 ELISA. The Porcilis APP vaccinated pigs showed a significant response in the ApxI, ApxIII and 42 kDa OMP ELISA. In the ApxII ELISA, all pigs tested (the Porcilis APP vaccinates and the controls) were positive on entry to the trial. In the HN assay, the Porcilis APP vaccinated pigs showed a significant response after one dose while the SD vaccinated pigs required two doses of vaccine before a marked rise in titre was induced. Immunoblotting revealed that neither vaccine generated antibodies that recognised the ApxIII produced by serovar 15. CONCLUSIONS: The failure of these vaccines to provide protection against serovar 15 may be due to novel virulence factors possessed by serovar 15, significant differences between the ApxIII toxin of serovar 15 and those present in the Porcilis APP vaccine or failure by both vaccines to induce antibodies to the serovar 15 specific polysaccharide.     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to exogenous avian leukosis virus

A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to avian leukosis virus (ALV) of subgroups A and B in infected chickens was developed with the use of Rous-associated virus (RAV)-1 (subgroup A) and RAV-2 (subgroup B) antigens purified by sucrose-gradient centrifugation. The antigen was used for ELISA after treatment with Triton X-100. In the ELISA, the subgroup viral antigen reacted strongly with homologous antiserum but also reacted with heterologous antiserum. Tests with serum absorbed with purified homologous and heterologous virus and tests for antigen-blocking by group-specific antibodies to ALV revealed that the reaction was caused mainly by subgroup-specific antibodies. The ELISA was 8 to 32 times more sensitive than the virus-neutralization (VN) test and detected antibodies to ALV earlier than the VN test in chickens infected experimentally with RAV-1 and RAV-2. In field application of the ELISA, 44.2% of 484 chicken sera were positive for RAV-1 and/or RAV-2 antigen, and 80.4% of flocks were positive. These findings indicate that ELISA is superior to the VN test in sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, and applicability for large-scale field surveys for ALV infection.     

五种市售鸡传染性鼻炎灭活疫苗免疫效力比较

本研究对国内市场上几个主要鸡传染性鼻炎灭活疫苗生产厂家生产的灭活疫苗免疫鸡只进行血清HI抗体水平测定和攻毒,比较不同公司所产疫苗效力的效力差异,并评估A、C型二价灭活疫苗两次免疫鸡群对国内B型分离株:DL-1株和最近从免疫失败鸡场分离到的SD-1株的交叉保护作用,分析免疫失败的原因.结果表明:A、D、E公司的疫苗免疫两次后,A型HI抗体阳性率分别为92.5%、100%和95%,滴度分别为33.9、55.1和59.9,攻毒保护率都是100%.C型HI抗体阳性率分别为72.5%、38.5%和77.5%,滴度分别为11.4、2.7和27,攻毒保护率分别为80%、70%和80%.而B和C公司的疫苗免疫两次后A型HI抗体阳性率分别为59.4%、77.1%,抗体滴度分别为5.4和21.8,攻毒保护率分别为50%和66.7%;C型HI抗体阳性率分别为54.1%和51.4%,抗体滴度分别为6.1和6.8,攻毒保护率分别为38.3%和50%.在五个疫苗产品中,以A、D、E的保护效力较好,B、C产品效力较差.另外,A、C型二价灭活疫苗免疫后不能对B型菌的攻击提供保护,其A、C型HI抗体阳性率、抗体滴度与对B型菌攻毒保护率无相关性.     

鸡传染性鼻炎二介油乳剂灭活疫苗的保存期检验

应用3批鸡传染性鼻炎二价油乳剂灭活疫苗进行了保存期检验，结果表明，二价苗在4－8℃保存12个月和18个月后免疫鸡群，鸡群对A、C型强致病力菌株的保护率在二免后4周左右分别为100％和88．5％，血清SPA、阻断ELISA和HI抗体阳性检出率较高，但疫苗保存18个月后所免疫鸡的血清C型HI抗体效价的几何平均数有显著的下降。因此，该二价苗的保存期以12个月为宜。     

Investigations of the occurrence of Avibacterium paragallinarum infections in Uganda

Investigations were conducted to determine the occurrence of Avibacterium paragallinarum in poultry in Uganda. A total of 710 each of bacteriologic and serum samples were taken from chickens and turkeys for demonstration of A. paragallinarum and antibodies. Samples for isolation of A. paragallinarum were also subjected to direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for demonstration of the organism's presence. Antibodies to A. paragallinarum were demonstrated in the sera using the hemagglutination inhibition test. A total of five isolates were recovered from two out of five commercial layer chicken farms investigated where suspected cases of infectious coryza were reported, and all of them belonged to Page's serovar C. PCR detected more positive samples (11/68) than did culture (5/68). Isolates were not recovered from free-range poultry nor were there any positive samples by PCR. The overall seroprevalence was 40.5% and the seroprevalence to serovars A, B, and C were 18%, 0.5%, and 22%, respectively. Antibodies to all Page's serovars A, B, and C were demonstrated in free-range chickens but only serovar C antibodies were demonstrated in commercial chickens. No antibodies were demonstrated in turkeys. This is the first time infectious coryza has been confirmed in Uganda and the causative agent, A. paragallinarum, isolated. A high seroprevalence observed in free-range chickens seems to indicate a subclinical infection under extensive village management conditions.