GPV感染扰动雏鹅系统互作网络的研究

为了解GPV(Goose parvovirus)侵染的病理学致病机理,探究GPV感染扰动雏鹅动态代谢网络平衡系统,对GPV感染雏鹅血液中的蛋白质、代谢酶活性及其同工酶结构和功能等进行生化分析。结果显示,GPV感染雏鹅的血液中,蛋白酶、Est、POD、SOD、ALP、ADH、Amy、CAT、GPT、LDH活性分别提高约41%/63%,30%/53%,50%/14%,36%/73%,156%/142%,1005%/22%,36%/26%,13%/51%,60%/244%,289%/139%;Ig G、IgM含量分别降低约50%,40%;蛋白质含量增长约50%,GPV感染雏鹅的血浆Est、SOD、ADH、Amy同工酶分别新增2,2,1,3条酶谱带,Est同工酶消减2条慢区谱带;血细胞Est、POD、SOD、Amy同工酶分别新增1,2,1,2条酶谱带;血液中CAT、LDH、GPT、ALP同工酶分别出现7,1,3,3条酶带变异,血细胞CAT、ADH同工酶分别缺少快区和慢、快区酶带,ALP同工酶在血浆与血细胞方面分别缺少慢区和快区酶带。同时显示重链59 kDa蛋白带是CK组IgM/G的共同特征,感染组Ig G还缺失258,36 kDa蛋白带;血浆与血细胞分别新增加131,86,43,33 kDa和144,104,58,53 kDa蛋白。血浆消减1条慢区酶蛋白,血细胞增加2条慢区酶蛋白。提示GPV感染应激与寄主蛋白质、蛋白酶及同工酶基因表达的协同作用,通过独特的扰动宿主动态平衡代谢网络直接或间接调控细胞易感性能。     

抗鹅细小病毒NS1蛋白单克隆抗体可变区的原核表达

为了在大肠杆菌中表达抗鹅细小病毒(GPV) NS1蛋白单克隆抗体轻链可变区(VL)和重链可变区(VH)基因,并测定其与NS1蛋白结合活性。对抗GPV NS1蛋白单克隆抗体VL、VH基因核苷酸序列依据大肠杆菌偏爱密码子进行优化,人工合成获得了含有可变区基因的重组质粒pUC57-VL和pUC57-VH。然后用Bam HⅠ/XhoⅠ双酶切pUC57-VL、pUC57-VH,回收340 bp的VL基因和370 bp的VH基因。目的基因通过Bam HⅠ/XhoⅠ多克隆位点分别插入至原核表达载体pET-32a,获得重组质粒pET-VL和pET-VH。重组质粒经Bam HⅠ单酶切和Bam HⅠ/XhoⅠ双酶切及测序鉴定。重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),经IPTG诱导,获得了重组蛋白TRX-VL和TRX-VH的表达,分子量分别为30.3,31.4 ku。纯化后的重组蛋白能与His标签单克隆抗体发生特异性结合,鉴定结果表明,获得的纯化蛋白为目的蛋白。间接ELISA分析表明,0.4μg的TRX-VH可与25 ng的GST-NS1蛋白特异性结合而0.4μg的TRX-VL不能与各包被量的GST-NS1蛋白特异性结合,TRX-VH与GST-NS1蛋白的特异性结合可被1∶200稀释的GPV感染鹅血清完全阻断。     

拟南芥蛋白激酶SnRK1.1对转录因子FD的磷酸化分析

为了获得纯化的SnRK1.1与FD蛋白,分析蛋白激酶SnRK1.1是否能够磷酸化开花调控途径中的转录因子FD,成功克隆了1 608 bp的SnRK1.1基因以及858 bp的FD与FD-T282A基因,分别与PGEX-4T-3载体连接,获得原核表达载体GST-SnRK1.1、GST-FD和GST-FD-T282A,并分别转化大肠杆菌BL21菌株;SDS-PAGE电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色(CBB)表明,0.5 mmol/L IPTG能够成功诱导出GST-SnRK1.1、GST-FD和GST-FD-T282A蛋白。利用GST纯化介质纯化获得了84 k Da的GST-SnRK1.1蛋白以及58 k Da的GST-FD与GST-FD-T282A融合蛋白;利用体外磷酸化体系证实SnRK1.1能够磷酸化FD,不能磷酸化突变的FD-T282A。研究结果为进一步解析SnRK1.1通过磷酸化转录因子FD参与开花途径调控的机制奠定了良好的基础。     

不同培养液对鹅胚胎体外培养的影响

为了探讨不同培养液对鹅胚胎体外培养的影响,本试验分别用鸡、鸭、鹅3种稀蛋白作培养液对90只鹅胚进行体外培养。结果表明：用鹅稀蛋白作培养液优于鸡稀蛋白和鸭稀蛋白。鹅稀蛋白组在第6、15天时鹅胚存活率显著高于鸭稀蛋白组(P<0.05),鹅胚存活率在第6、15天分别为33.33%、20.00%;在第31天时鹅稀蛋白组鹅胚存活率为3.33%,其他两组为0。综上所述,鹅胚体外培养效果因培养液的不同而不同,在鸡、鸭和鹅稀蛋白3种培养液中,以选用鹅稀蛋白为宜。     

不同品种鹅种蛋品质的比较分析

为了研究不同品种鹅在相同饲养管理条件下其种蛋品质的异同。随机选取浙东白鹅（65周龄）、四川白鹅（76周龄）、豁眼鹅（66周龄）的种蛋各50枚,分别测定其物理特性和化学特性指标。结果表明：三品种间蛋的比重、蛋黄重、蛋壳比例、粗蛋白、粗灰分及蛋壳中钙磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。浙东白鹅的蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋黄颜色、蛋白重、蛋白比例、蛋壳重指标均高于四川白鹅与豁眼鹅（P<0.05或P<0.01）;豁眼鹅的蛋形指数、蛋壳颜色、蛋黄比例、粗脂肪含量均高于浙东白鹅与四川白鹅（P<0.05或P<0.01）;四川白鹅的多数指标介于浙东白鹅与豁眼鹅之间。不同品种鹅蛋品质差异为蛋品质的选择改良提供了很好的素材,并为人们日常生活中合理消费鹅蛋提供理论依据。     

鹅坦布苏病毒非结构蛋白NS1的原核表达及纯化

根据鹅坦布苏病毒JS804株非结构蛋白NS1基因序列,设计1对特异性引物,利用PCR方法扩增得到完整的NS1基因,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET28a和pET32a上,构建出重组表达质粒pET28a-NS1和pET32a-NS1,转化至BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导得到NS1融合蛋白(His-NS1),其分子质量约分别为44,58 kDa,均在诱导后6 h达到表达量高峰。分析显示,2种融合蛋白均以包涵体形式存在,包涵体经过变性和复性后均可获得单一、高表达量的目的蛋白,为进一步开展关于鹅坦布苏病毒NS1蛋白的研究奠定了基础。     

马铃薯A病毒重组CP多克隆抗体的制备及其在DAS-ELISA检测中的应用

利用重组CP作抗原制备出马铃薯A病毒的多克隆抗体,并将其用于DAS-ELISA检测。以p ET22b(+)为起始载体,构建了PVA-CP基因的原核表达载体p ET22b-ACP,重组菌BL21(p ET22b-ACP)经IPTG诱导表达出了分子量为30 k Da的特异性重组CP。利用高纯度重组CP为抗原免疫家兔,制备出了效价为1∶512 k的抗血清。以PVA重组CP为抗原,用间接ELISA与直接ELISA分别测定重组CP纯化抗体(Ig G)及其碱性磷酸酶标记物(Ig G-AP)的活性,用DAS-ELISA测定2种抗体的活性,目测及OD值测定结果表明3种ELISA测定反应都呈阳性。以PVA病毒阳性标准物为抗原,在上述3种ELISA测定中也呈阳性反应,重组CP多克隆抗体及其酶标抗体与PVA有较强的反应信号。利用重组CP制备的多克隆抗体及其酶标抗体达到了马铃薯A病毒DAS-ELISA检测的要求。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫特异性抗体EtMIC4-N蛋白BAS-ELISA检测方法的建立

为了检测柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡血清中特异性抗体水平,原核表达纯化EtMIC4-N蛋白,采用免疫印迹法确定其反应原性,再以纯化后的蛋白为包被抗原,以生物素标记的羊抗鸡IgG为二抗,以HRP结合链霉亲和素为酶标抗体,建立了检测柔嫩艾美耳球虫抗体的BAS-ELISA方法。经检测,EtMIC4-N蛋白最佳包被浓度为7μg/mL,最适封闭液为1%BSA,最佳血清稀释度为1:80,二抗稀释度为1:100000,酶标抗体稀释度为1:100000,最适显色时间为15min,组内和组间变异系数均小于10%。通过动物感染试验验证,结果表明建立的BAS-ELISA可以用于检测柔嫩艾美耳球虫特异性抗体的检测,并且具有简便,快速,灵敏,成本低等特点。     

‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体质量、体尺和羽绒产量测定及相关分析

为研究‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体重和体尺对羽绒产量的影响,为扬州鹅的选育提供依据,以70日龄罗扬鹅(L×Y)、卡扬鹅(K×Y)、浙扬鹅(Z×Y)和扬扬鹅(Y×Y)4个鹅群体为试验素材,测定其70日龄体质量、体尺及产绒性能并进行相关分析。结果表明:这种经济杂交方法不同程度的地提高了体重、体尺与产绒量。3个杂交配套组合的体重、半潜水长与胸宽均不同程度的大于对照组Y×Y组合,说明杂交可以在一定程度上提高体重与一些体尺性状;3个杂交组合的羽绒总重显著高于对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05),其中L×Y组合羽绒总重最大为144.71 g;L×Y组合与K×Y组合正羽重显著高于Z×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05);L×Y组合与Z×Y组合绒羽重显著高于K×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05)。通过体尺、体重与产绒性能关联分析,体重、半潜水长和胸深对产绒性能影响较大,相关性最高,体重和半潜水长与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见,这种经济杂交方法可以提高了鹅的羽绒产量,而且体重和体尺与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重呈不同程度的相关性。     

小麦TaGAPC定点突变体基因载体构建及其原核表达

为了研究催化活性半胱氨酸Cys154、Cys158残基对小麦细胞质甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Ta GAPC)蛋白酶活性的影响,利用重叠延伸PCR法分别将这2个位点的半胱氨酸突变成丝氨酸,并分别连入p ET28a(+)原核表达载体。在25℃条件下,Ta GAPC及其定点基因Ta Cys154S/Ta Cys158S经0.25 mmol/L IPTG诱导后高效表达,SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果显示,目标重组蛋白均为可溶性且大小约为40 k Da,与预测结果一致。在此基础上,经超声波破菌及镍柱纯化获得3种纯化重组蛋白。这为后续Ta GAPC及其定点突变体蛋白酶活性测定及活性位点分析提供试验材料。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.