钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验，研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明，随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势，有效茎数则有明显上升趋势，甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度，改善了甘蔗品质。     

柳州主栽甘蔗品种砍后田间堆放的品质变化规律

对柳州蔗区进厂原料蔗混合样、主栽品种、新引进品种和工农矛盾突出品种共10个甘蔗品种砍收后田间堆放引起蔗茎品质的变化进行分析,以期为该蔗区制定良种推广方案和榨季砍运计划安排提供科学指导.结果表明：原料蔗砍收在田间堆放9d后,蔗茎重量、甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度平均分别下降了11.02％、0.69％和6.06％,蔗汁还原糖分和甘蔗纤维分分别上升了1.02％和1.29％.田间堆放9d后综合工艺性状表现从优到劣依次为柳城05/136＞新台糖22号＞桂柳2号＞桂辐98/296＞桂柳1号＞台优＞桂糖29号＞混合样＞桂糖21号＞粤糖94/128.     

中大茎高产甘蔗新品种闽糖96—6016的选育

闽糖96—6016系福建省农业科学院甘蔗研究所从闽糖70—611×闽选703（C01001）组合中选育出的一个甘蔗新品种。多年多点试验结果表明,闽糖96—6016平均蔗茎产量133．19t／hm^2,分别比对照种闽糖70—611（CK1）、新台糖10号（CK2）、新台糖16号（CK3）增产12．5％、42．1％和22．6％;11-1月份平均蔗糖分（绝对值）14．10％;公顷含糖量18．768t．分别比对照种闽糖70—611、新台糖10号、新台糖16号增糖15．7％、42．1％、14．4％。闽糖96—6016是一个中大茎、丰产高糖、农艺性状优良、适应性广的甘蔗新良种。     

特高糖抗寒甘蔗新品种桂糖28的选育

为培育高产、高糖、多抗的甘蔗新品种,不断满足糖料生产发展的需要,2000～2008年,采用“五圃制”的常规杂交育种的技术路线进行选择与培育．育成了特高糖高产抗旱抗寒的甘蔗新品种桂糖28。桂糖28（原名桂糖00—122）,其亲系为CP80—1018×CP88—2032。该品种中至中大茎。特早熟、特高糖、高产、宿根性好,抗逆性强,适应性广,极易脱叶。甘蔗蔗糖分（16．60％）较ROC16（15．07％）高1．53％,最高甘蔗蔗糖分达19．19％;产蔗量（86．2t／h秆）较RoC16（83．1t／hm^2）增产3．73％,最高产蔗量达159．2t／hm^2;含糖量（14．31t／hm^2）较ROC16（12．52t／hm^2）增产1430％。适应于广西、云南、广东、福建等省蔗区种植。桂糖28的育成是广西甘蔗高糖育种取得的突破性进展,对丰富我国甘蔗品种材料．改良目前甘蔗单一化的品种结构具有重要现实意义。     

赤霉素处理对甘蔗节间伸长及产质量的影响

以甘蔗品种新台糖22号为试验材料,通过智能温室桶栽和大田栽培,在伸长初期以200mg/L GA3进行叶面喷施处理,对照喷清水,研究GA3处理后对甘蔗节间伸长及产质量产生的效应。结果表明：（1）GA3处理后的株高在各个时期均显著高于对照;中部茎的长度得到显著提高,上、下部茎的长度差异不明显。（2）GA3处理后茎粗均稍有下降;单茎重和产量得到显著提高。（3）GA3处理后甘蔗蔗糖分得到提高;而还原糖下降;重力纯度、纤维分、锤度和转光度均有不同程度的提高。由此可说明,GA3处理主要促进甘蔗茎伸长,通过增加茎长和单茎重来提高产量;甘蔗蔗糖分主要集中在茎部,而茎长得到提高后蔗糖分也得到提高。     

强宿根性糖能兼用甘蔗品系桂糖96—167的选育

甘蔗品系桂糖96-167,亲系：粤糖85—1622×崖城84—125,中大茎,晚熟、较高糖、丰产、宿根性特强,抗逆性强,适应性广。产蔗量（97．9t／hm^2）较新台糖16（78．8t／hm^2）增产24．2％;甘蔗蔗糖分（13．48％）略低于新台糖16;含糖量（13．2t／hm^2）较新台糖16（12．1t／hm^2）增产9．1％。适应于广西、广东、云南、福建等蔗区种植。     

强宿根抗旱甘蔗新品种云蔗03—194的选育

云蔗03—194,亲系：新台糖25×粤糖97-20,中大茎,中早熟,丰产、高糖,自然脱叶,宿根性好,抗旱性和抗倒性强。云蔗03—194在国家区试中蔗茎产量101．4t／hm2,甘蔗糖分14．40％,舍糖量14．68t／hm2;在云南临沧、德宏、保山、红河等主产蔗区旱地生产示范中蔗茎产量117．6t／hm2,甘蔗糖分15．23％,含糖量17．43t／hm2;该品种适应于云南、广西、广东、福建等蔗区肥力中等以上的蔗区种植,在燥热蔗区种植优势更为明显。     

桂糖31号在合浦种性表现及蔗农成本收益

桂糖31号（原代号：桂糖02/281）,亲系：粤糖85-177×CP81-1254,由广西农科院甘蔗研究所选育.2009-2010年广西甘蔗品种区域试验合浦试点结果表明：桂糖02/281分蘖多,宿根性好,宿根发株率高,中大茎,蔗茎产量高,比新台糖22号增产显著,平均含糖量为12895kg/hm2,比新台糖22增7.89％.蔗农投资种植桂糖31号总成本35949.71元/hm2,比新台糖22增15.84％.土地净产值为17179.25元/hm2,比新台糖22增15.78％.土地纯收益为8533.61元/hm2,比新台糖22增37.82％.原料蔗成本价格为384.73元/t,比新台糖22减少3.72％.劳动力净产值为每一劳动日75.35元,比新台糖22增15.78％.资金投入纯收益率为23.74元/100元,比新台糖22增18.97％.     

丰产高糖甘蔗新品种闽糖02-205的选育

闽糖02-205系福建省农业科学院甘蔗研究所从崖城90-3×ROC10组合中选育出的甘蔗新品种.2005-2012年多年多点试验结果表明,闽糖02-205平均蔗茎产量120.810 t/hm2,比新台糖22号增产16.2％,与新台糖16号平产;蔗糖分15.87％,比对照新台糖22号、新台糖16号分别高0.17、0.22个百分点;舍糖量19.172 t/hm2,比对照新台糖22号、新台糖16号分别增糖20.7％、2.2％,是一个中熟、丰产高糖、适应性广的甘蔗新品种.     

缓释肥在甘蔗上的施用效果初探

通过在新宿甘蔗进行一次性和二次性施用缓释肥4个试验,探讨了缓释肥在甘蔗生产上的缓释效果和对产量、糖分的影响。研究表明,在甘蔗生产上施用缓释肥具有缓释功能,能有效促进蔗茎的增粗、有效茎的增加,对产量有增产作用,增产幅度在2%～10%之间,同时糖分增幅在0.1～0.2个百分点。     

Flowering in pineapple as influenced by ethephon and its combinations with urea and calcium carbonate

An investigation was carried out to increase the efficacy of ethephon by combining it with urea and calcium carbonate for induction of flowering in pineapple, with the main objective of lowering the concentration of ethephon. Ethephon at a concentration as low as 25 ppm in combination with urea (2%) and calcium carbonate (0.04%) was able to induce more than 90% flowering after 50 days of treatment. Addition of either urea or calcium carbonate increased the effectiveness of ethephon for induction of flowering. Ethephon treatments were found to be markedly superior to planofix and the control. In the case of the control, plants started flowering 250 days after treatment and completed it after 340 days. Apart from earlier flowering, ethephon treatments resulted in uniform ripening, and harvests were complete within 10 days, whereas in the control harvests continued for about 70 days. The increased efficacy of ethephon at a lower concentration for induction of flowering, with the addition of urea and calcium carbonate, is of great significance as this will lead to decreased costs and increased commercial use.     

李裂果病防治研究

为了研究有效防止李（Prunus salicina L.）裂果问题,从乙烯利抑制果实水分超量吸收和GA₃促进表皮增长角度入手,筛选试剂及其浓度、组合、剂量和施用时期最佳组合,比较各处理组合果实内物质含量及果皮细胞结构差异。采收前30 d左右,向果实均匀喷布0.5 g · L^-1乙烯利,第2天再用0.5 g · L^-1 GA₃喷布1次,此处理组合裂果率仅为0.4%（对照21.2%）,防治效果98.13%,果实可溶性糖、维生素C含量极显著高于对照,可滴定酸、含水量极显著低于对照。对照的表皮细胞很小,下皮层个别细胞很大,生长速度不同步是导致果皮胀裂的原因。乙烯利可减少果实水分,使下皮层细胞横向变窄小,并由纵向长条形变为横向长条形排列,果皮不易纵向开裂。GA₃使表皮细胞明显增大。乙烯利与GA₃配合施用,使表皮和下皮层两部分细胞同步增长。单独使用乙烯利易引起落果,降低果实含糖量,结合使用GA₃可防止落果,增加含糖量。     

Fruit quality in ‘Cripp's Pink’ apple,especially colour,as affected by preharvest sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and ethephon

‘Cripp's Pink’ apple grown in Western Australia often develops poor colour at commercial harvest resulting in economic losses. To determine if fruit colour could be improved without advancing ripening, ‘Cripp's Pink’ apple fruit on trees were sprayed with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) alone, ethephon alone, or AVG followed by ethephon. The experiments were conducted at two different locations in Western Australia in 2002 and 2003. Fruit sprayed with AVG alone had retarded colour development at harvest. However, ethephon applied after AVG enhanced percent red blush, anthocyanin concentration and reduced chlorophyll concentration in the fruit skin in both locations. These fruit had similar colour to those treated with ethephon alone. Internal ethylene concentration and fruit firmness were unaffected by the different treatments in 2002. However, in 2003 AVG with or without ethephon reduced internal ethylene concentration and maintained firmness compared to ethephon alone. In conclusion, AVG treatment alone delayed colour development and ripening of ‘Cripp's Pink’, while AVG application 5 weeks before harvest followed by an ethephon application 2 weeks later enhanced red colour at commercial harvest. This is, therefore, an effective tool for improving colour of ‘Cripp's Pink’ apples at commercial harvest without adversely affecting other fruit quality attributes.     

外源葡萄糖对‘长富2号’苹果花芽生理分化期可溶性糖和相关基因表达的影响

以‘长富2号’苹果为材料,于花后25和30 d喷施浓度1.5%和3%的葡萄糖,研究处理后短枝顶芽的发育状况、可溶性糖、淀粉含量及相关代谢酶活性的动态变化,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测糖代谢相关基因与成花相关基因的表达模式。结果表明:葡萄糖处理后,短枝顶芽长度、宽度及质量有一定程度增加;短枝顶芽中,蔗糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇在生理分化中前期显著高于对照,淀粉含量整体升高,而果糖含量在整个生理分化期显著降低;山梨醇脱氢酶、山梨醇氧化酶、蔗糖合酶合成方向以及蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性在不同时期有所增加,而酸性与中性蔗糖转化酶,及蔗糖合酶分解方向酶活性普遍降低;叶片中碳水化合物积累明显,糖代谢相关酶活性也发生相似改变;顶芽糖代谢相关基因及2个MdTPS基因都响应葡萄糖处理;成花关键基因MdFT 1、MdFD、MdLFY、MdSOC 1和MdAP 1均显著上调,而成花抑制基因MdTFL 1从花后30 d开始,表达显著下调。     

Effect of moisture stress on the ethephon response in tomatoes

Potted plants (cultivar ‘Napoli’) were maintained at 3 levels of moisture (continuously moist, moderate moisture stress and severe moisture stress) and sprayed to run-off with 3 levels of ethephon (0, 250 and 500 p.p.m.) in factorial combination, in order to examine the effect of moisture status on the ethephon-accelerated ripening-response in tomatoes. The largest increases in ripening-rate occurred where plants were moderately stressed and sprayed with 250 p.p.m. ethephon, or where plants were kept continuously moist and sprayed with 500 p.p.m. ethephon. No substantial increase in ripening-rate occurred at higher levels of either ethephon or moisture stress. Leaf senescence was rapid in all treatments other than the moderately stressed and continuously moist controls. In some of the water-stressed treatments a partial recovery of plant water potential occurred as a result of reduced transpiration due to rapid and extensive leaf loss.     

芸薹素内酯和复硝酚钠对茭白生长发育和产量的影响

通过研究芸薹素内酯和复硝酚钠两种植物生长调节剂对茭白生长发育和产量的影响。研究结果表明,喷施1．8％复硝酚钠水剂5．94mgm（有效成分含量,下同）、0．04％芸薹素内酯水剂0．07mg／L以及1．8％复硝酚钠水剂与0．04％芸薹素内酯水剂等体积混配液1．84mg／L等三种处理均能使茭白结茭时间提早4-5d,茭白的有效苗数、结茭率和产量显著提高。建议在茭白孕茭前15～30d喷施1次,隔7d后再喷1次较好。     

Improving yield,quality, and shelf life of Thompson seedless grapevine by preharvest foliar applications

Ten-year-old Thompson seedless grape vines were sprayed during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons with putrescine (Put), gibberellic acid (GA₃), ascorbic acid (AA), ethephon (Eth), salicylic acid (SA), cytofex (CPPU) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) at two stages of berry development; pea stage (4–5 mm fruitlet diameter, ∼30–35 days after fruit set) and veraison stage (when approximately 20% of the berries on 50% of the clusters had softened) in order to investigate their influence on yield and postharvest fruit quality characters at commercial harvest day as well as the berry keeping quality. Cluster and berry quality characters as well as vine yield were improved by all sprayed chemicals, especially Put, GA₃, SA, CPPU and CaCl₂. GA₃ increased cluster and berry width, and resulted in better clusters shape. A positive increase in berry firmness was obtained by Put, GA₃, CPPU, SA and CaCl₂ sprays. Berry adherence strength increased and the percentage of unmarketable berries decreased by all sprayed compounds except Eth. Shelf life (keeping quality) was increased by spraying Put, GA₃, SA, CPPU and CaCl₂, as they increased berries firmness and decreased the percentage of unmarketable berries after keeping at ambient temperature for seven days after harvest.     

复合肥与纳米几丁质混合喷施对圆黄梨品质的影响

以0.2%的氮磷钾复合肥与0.003%的纳米几丁质水悬浮液按不同体积比例混配,于圆黄梨幼果期喷施2次,中间间隔10天,研究其对梨果品质的影响。结果表明,二者以0.75∶1混配喷施,比喷施其他混配比例、单喷复合肥、单喷纳米几丁质的果实综合品质指标均佳。比单喷0.2%复合肥的单果重提高12%;果实中蔗糖含量提高42.2%;蔗糖合成酶活性提高1.1倍;蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性提高1.08倍,均差异显著。说明纳米几丁质与肥料配施具有协同增效的作用,起到改善果实品质的效果,且比常规施肥节肥。     

Effects of applications of plant growth regulators to papaya on the output and proteolytic activity of latex tapped from immature fruits

SUMMARY

Pistillate seedling plants of the local cultivar of papaya ‘Deshi’, transplanted 40 d after sowing, were sprayed with aqueous solutions of IBA (25 and 50 _ppm), GA₃ (100 and 200 _ppm), kinetin (50 and 100 _ppm), BA (25 and 50 _ppm), ethephon (100 and 200 ppm) or with water (control) 100 d after transplanting, when the experimental fruits borne by them were 15 d old. Latex was collected from the fruits when they were 90-95 d old and continued on four occasions, at 7 d intervals. Highly significant increases in yield and in protease activity of the latex over the control was obtained by application of ethephon. IBA and GA, also increased latex production, but spraying the plants with kinetin or BA solutions gave no clear results