牛肝片吸虫病及其防治

牛肝片形吸虫病（又名牛肝蛭或柳叶虫），是牛的一种慢性寄生虫侵袭病。肝片吸虫病的病原为肝片吸虫和大片吸虫，虫体寄生在牛的胆管里，能引起胆管炎、肝炎、肝硬变。病牛营养下降，奶牛产奶量减少，有时甚至引起死亡，对牛的危害较大。     

牛、羊肝片形吸虫病与血吸虫病的防治

分别从病原特征、发病症状、发病规律、防治等方面对如何防控牛、羊肝片形吸虫病和血吸虫病作一介绍,以期为临床有效防治牛、羊肝片形吸虫病与血吸虫病提供参考。     

治疗家畜片形吸虫病有新药

治疗家畜片形吸虫病的长效缓释制剂在南京农业大学研制成功。片形吸虫病是水牛和其他家畜的一种主寄生虫病,其病原主要是肝片吸虫和大片吸虫。水牛一旦感染此病,食欲下降且逐日消瘦,使免疫和生产性能基本丧失。南京农业大学在西班牙莱昂大学、英国利兹大学、德国汉诺威兽医学院的技术支持和帮助下,在国内首次运用计算机自动记录系统记录动物的采食行为,并采用先进的核酸探针(PCR)技术检测中间宿主(锥实螺)的感染率,用粪便检查和血清学方法检测了苏皖两省10县(市)水牛片形吸虫病的感染率,详细研究了感染片形吸虫病后水牛的肝脏和整体免疫功…     

牛、羊肝片形吸虫病与血吸虫病的防治

分别从病原特征、发病症状、发病规律、防治等方面对如何防控牛、羊肝片形吸虫病和血吸虫病作一介绍,以期为临床有效防治牛、羊肝片形吸虫病与血吸虫病提供参考.     

春季严防羊肝片吸虫病

羊肝片吸虫病是反刍兽常发的寄生虫病，其病原是片形科、片形属的肝片吸虫。该虫寄生于羊的肝脏或胆管中，引发胆管炎和肝炎，并伴有全身中毒症状和营养代谢障碍，可引起大批死亡。慢性病程可致使羊只瘦弱、发育障碍，给畜牧业经济带来巨大损失。     

水牛肝片形吸虫病防治报告

肝片形吸虫病(Fescioliasis hepatica)及其病原——肝片形吸虫(Fescioliasis hepatica Linnaeus, 1758),早在14世纪时就已经被人类所认识。肝片形吸虫寄生于哺乳动物或人的胆道,肝片形吸虫病是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病。迄今,该病仍广泛流行于世界各地。我们于2005年对福安水牛品种资源保护场的牛群进行肝片形吸虫普查和防治,现将情况报告如下:     

牛吸虫病和牛胎毛滴虫病的诊断与防治

主要介绍了牛血吸虫病、肝片形吸虫病、前后盘吸虫病、胰阔盘吸虫病、牛胎毛滴虫病等吸虫病和牛胎毛滴虫病的病原特点、发病症状、发病规律及防治措施,以期为广大兽医同仁提供参考。     

牛肝片吸虫病的诊断与防控

牛肝片吸虫病又称牛肝蛭,是由肝片形吸虫寄生于牛只肝脏、胆管而引起的一种慢性寄生虫病,发病特征主要是病牛异食、水肿、贫血,营养障碍、消瘦等,严重影响牛只生产与繁殖性能。笔者结合实践经验,从病原、流行特点、临床症状、剖检病变等方面对牛肝片吸虫病进行了阐述,并同时提出防治措施,以期为临床诊治牛肝片吸虫病提供技术参考。     

两种片形吸虫感染山羊的对比试验

片形吸虫病是在全球范围广泛流行，并对人有一定危害的寄生虫病。在大部分地区该病病原为肝片形吸虫（Fasciola hepatica），非洲、亚洲的热带地区是大片形吸虫（F．gigantica）。据本地的资料和以往的研究显示，广西主要是大片形吸虫。由于国内外对肝片形吸虫的研究较多，对大片形吸虫的研究较少，使得国内一些研究未能注意到这两个种的虫在对动物的致病性及其所引起的免疫反应等方面的差别。     

贵州家畜肝片吸虫病研究

贵州家畜肝片吸虫病研究,主要内容包括病原种类和形态、发育史、流行病学、临床、诊断和防治。自1982年5月至1985年11月,完成研究计划,现将各项研究结果报告如后。一病原种类和形态研究自贵州省27个县市家畜和21种经济动物内采集标本1214份,制作压片浸泡标本153份,整体染色标本1014张,经研究结果,贵州家畜片形吸虫有;1、肝片吸虫 (Fasciolahepatica Linilaeus,1758),普遍大量寄生于全省各地家畜中,以牛羊多见。在梅花     

Interlobular distribution of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in cattle, goats and sheep

Microsomal and cytosolic enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics were measured in composite samples representing entire livers and in samples from three lobes, using livers of cattle, goats and sheep. Within individual species, concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and b5 and activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, microsomal and cytosolic stilbene oxide (epoxide) hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase were not different (P greater than .05) among the various hepatic lobes. Among species, several activities differed (P less than .05), with cattle livers generally having lower values than sheep or goats.     

A survey of some drugs commonly used in the camel

Specific recommendations for drug dosages for the camel are rare and doses for this species are usually extrapolated from those recommended for other species. The pharmacology and toxicity of drugs likely to be used in the camel needs to be further studied to ensure the efficacy and safety of these drugs in this species.Most of the reported work is on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of a few drugs long in use in other species against trypanosomiasis, mange and gastrointestinal nematodes. Areas of study most deficient are pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical peculiarities of the camel warrant more pharmacological and toxicological studies in this species.This article surveys the literature on the pharmacology, toxicity and therapeutic uses of some antiparasitic and antibacterial drugs and central nervous system depressants commonly used in the camel. It appears that camels are more susceptible to the toxic action of some trypanocidal drugs than other species. In certain cases they may metabolize some drugs differently. In general, the camel appears to be a good subject for analgesics and anaesthetics.     

植物内生真菌的应用研究概况

近年来,植物内生真菌的研究应用已成为一大热点。植物内生真菌及其次生代谢产物能产生抗癌物质,促进植物生长,增强宿主植物的竞争力和抗逆性等,在医药、植物生长促进剂、生物农药、育种等领域应用前景广阔。就植物内生真菌及次生代谢产物的研究情况进行系统的阐述,并就其开发应用前景作以综合的介绍。     

壳聚糖的生物学作用及在体内代谢的研究进展

甲壳素、壳聚糖是自然界唯一的碱性多糖,具有特殊的理化性质和生物学作用,在医药、食品、化工、农业及环保等方面均有广阔的应用前景。作者简要介绍壳聚糖的发展简史,主要综述了其生理功能及在体内代谢过程的研究进展。     

Responses of dogs to dietary omega-3 fatty acids

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil and other marine sources appear to be capable of modifying inflammatory and immune responses in dogs. Information is provided on the capacity of dogs to metabolize omega-3 fatty acids and the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skin and coat, inflammatory responses, and neurologic development in puppies.     

Energy intake, body composition and reproductive performance of the gilt

The relationship between age, live weight, body composition and energy status on the onset and maintenance of reproductive activity in females is reviewed. When possible, swine studies have been employed, although, of necessity, much data are drawn from other species. The relationship between age, weight and puberty is controversial. However, from the available data we conclude that neither age nor weight are reliable indices of reproductive development, but that minimum threshold values for these characteristics must be achieved before puberty can occur. Human data provides a strong indication that a minimum adipose to lean tissue ratio is a prerequisite for puberty onset. Limited data from swine support this contention and indeed it may be a superior measure of reproductive development than either age or weight. However, the value of this ratio remains to be defined in pigs, and again it is minimum threshold level, the attainment of which is necessary, but not in itself sufficient, for puberty onset. A positive energy balance seems to be necessary for puberty onset and the maintenance of estrous cycles in some species, but this has not been investigated in swine. The mechanisms whereby adiposity and energy status influences reproduction are discussed. Human studies demonstrate a negative correlation between energy status, body fatness and plasma gonadotrophin levels. Also, adipose tissue has the ability to metabolize sex steroids, aromatizing androgens to estrogens and changing the direction of estrogen metabolism to produce more or less biologically potent estrogens.     

桑树光合色素及叶色突变体的研究概况

本文根据高等植物光合色素的代谢过程和叶色突变体的一般发生机制,推测桑树叶色突变的可能机制,根据桑树叶色变化的内外因素,分析了此桑树突变体的可能成因,并对进一步的研究作了简述。     

Maturational development of drug-metabolizing enzymes in dogs

A qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the development of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) in dogs as part of a study of the ability of animal test species to metabolize drugs. The following DME variables were measured in this study: amount of cytochromes P-450 and b5; activity of the NADPH and NADH-dependent reductases associated with each of these cytochromes; activity of cytochrome P-450-mediated enzymes, including aniline and coumarin hydroxylases, aminopyrine N-demethylase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase; activity of a uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid glucuronyl transferase with 4-methylumbelliferone as substrate; and glutathione-S-transferase activities, with dinitrochlorobenzene and dichloronitrobenzene as substrates. Most enzyme components had achieved maximal amount or activity by the fifth to eighth week after birth; they tended to decrease after weaning, although the activity of dichloronitrobenzene-glutathione transferase in geriatric dogs (312 to 525 weeks old) was approximately twofold greater than that of 8-week-old pups. There were no gender-related differences in any of the enzyme amounts or activities determined. Individual variation was pronounced even in the homogeneous colony from which these dogs were obtained.     

Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, we injected morphine sulfate IP into rainbow trout and measured the concentration of morphine and all potential metabolites in plasma using LC-MS/MS at a series of times after the injection. The pharmacokinetics of morphine were similar to those previously reported for seawater-acclimated rainbow trout, i.e. they were about one order of magnitude slower than in similarly sized mammals. The only metabolite of morphine present in the plasma was morphine-3-β- d -glucuronide (M3G); morphine-6-β- d -glucuronide (M6G) was not detected. M3G gradually increased after the morphine injection, peaked about 2 days later, then gradually decreased. In mammals, M3G plasma levels exceed morphine levels extremely rapidly, i.e. in less than an hour, regardless of dose, route of administration, or species. In trout, it took 2 days for M3G levels to exceed morphine levels. This is the first study of the metabolites of morphine in any ectotherm. We conclude that trout can metabolize morphine, but at a rate much slower than in mammals.     

双歧杆菌代谢母乳寡糖机制的研究进展

母乳寡糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMO)结构复杂,其能够选择性地促进母乳喂养婴儿肠道中益生菌双歧杆菌的生长。婴儿肠道相关双歧杆菌具有糖苷酶等分子工具,使其能够代谢HMO,且代谢过程具有菌株特异性。本文总结了HMO的结构特点,探讨了婴儿肠道相关双歧杆菌代谢HMO的机制,重点分析了双歧杆菌代谢HMO的种内差异以及代谢过程涉及到的分子工具的研究进展。