草业展望及其东北地区发展前景

农业结构的调整,草业应扮演重要角色;生态环境的恢复和重建,草业应先行;巨大的市场潜力已为草业发展提供了广阔前景,草业遇到前所未有的发展机遇.不论是天然草地的自然条件,还是农区种草的比较优势,东北地区都要明显优于全国其它地区,可以说东北是全国草产业最具发展潜力的地区.     

中国草业产业化的发展时机已成熟

农业部副部长齐景发就发展草业问题指出 :草业作为一种新兴产业 ,可以说刚刚起步。党中央、国务院把发展种草养畜、推动节粮型草地畜牧业的发展提高到发展农村经济、改善生态环境、保持社会稳定的重要战略地位 ,这对广大草业工作者既是机遇 ,也是挑战。近几年来 ,发展草业产业化的条件已经具备 ,主要表现 :一是加强了草地建设 ,为草业产业化发展打下了基础。二是科技进步为牧草产业化创造了条件。三是效益显著 ,推动了草业产业化加快发展。四是市场潜力大 ,发展产业化有广阔的空间。五是规模经营 ,为草业产业化增添了活力中国草业产业化的发…     

农业部副部长于康震在第三届(2014)中国草业大会讲话——建设现代草业 添绿兴牧富民

<正>我国是草原资源大国,拥有各类草原近4亿公顷,约占国土面积的2/5。丰富的草原资源为我国草业发展提供了坚实的物质基础和广阔的发展空间。当前,维护生态安全,建设美丽中国,既是我国发展的基本国策,也是时代赋予草业界的崇高使命。建设现代草业,加快草业发展恰逢其时;添绿兴牧富民,实现草业进步时不我待。一、总结新成绩新经验,增强发展现代草业     

中国草业产业化的发展时机已成熟

最近在北京举办的中国草业产业化发展研讨会上，农业部副部长齐景发就发展草业问题作了重要论述。他强调指出：草业作为一种新兴产业，可以说刚刚起步，需要我们去开拓，去创造。党中央、国务院把发展种草养畜、推动节粮型草地畜牧业的发展提高到发展农村经济、改善生态环境、保持社会稳定的重要战略地位，这对广大草业工作者既是机遇，也是挑战。接着齐副部长论述了我国发展草业的机遇和前景，近几年来，发展草业产业化的条件已经具备，主要表现：一是加强了草地建设，为草业产业化发展打下基础。二是科技进步为牧草产业化创造了条件。三是…     

新疆草业工程建设基本思路

通过阐述新疆草业发展现状,分析面临的问题,以实现新疆经济社会生态可持续发展为目标,研究了新疆草业工程建设战略问题.研究得出:1)新疆草业工程结构包括三部分,分别为草业生产子系统、草业管理子系统、草业科教子系统;2)草业各子系统的发展目标为:①草业生产子系统应发展成为与种植业、畜牧业、林业地位对等的农业支柱系统;②草业管理子系统应发展成为依靠法律法规实行行业规范管理、保证草业市场运作顺畅、草业行业协会机构功能健全、草业行业信息支撑有力的体系;③草业科教子系统应发展成为草业人才培养体系齐全,草业优秀人才辈出,草业科技创新活跃,科技成果技术推广精准迅捷的体系;3)新疆草业工程建设划分为3个战略阶段:战略启动阶段、战略成长阶段和战略完成阶段;4)有关新疆草业工程建设的指导原则和基本方针建议.     

贵州草业现状及发展策略探讨

通过对贵州草业现状、存在问题和发展优势进行分析,提出了贵州草业发展的三大策略:一是加强草业科技投入和深入研究,重点攻克当前生产中存在的技术难题,并为新阶段草业的跨越式发展提供新的技术储备;二是加强政府宏观调控与管理,制定草业发展规划,调整草业向区域化、专业化、规模化、多元化方向发展,推进农区粮经“二元结构”向粮经饲“三元结构”的稳步转变;三是完善利益联结机制,充分发挥龙头企业和产业协会的作用,实施草—稻、草—玉米、草—烟等轮作模式,大力发展农田种草养畜、林下养禽和推动草地旅游业的发展。     

广西高等草业教育发展研究

草业科学专业是具有世界意义并有70年历史的成熟专业。随着西部大开发战略的实施及草业系统工程思想和草业生态系统理论的发展,绝大多数省(市、自治区)都有了高等草业教育,并建立了草业科学专业本科—硕士—博士3个完整的高等教育层次,草业科学专业的地位也日益重要。而占中国南方天然草地面积十分之一以上、以山地农业和岩溶农业为主的广西,尚未建立草业科学高等教育。为此,在对世界和中国高等草业教育的发展历史和发展趋向以及发展广西高等草业教育的必要性和可行性进行研究的基础上,提出了发展广西高等草业教育的战略及意义,并从广西岩溶山地和草地的面积、农业可持续发展、经济和社会发展、高等教育学科发展等方面进行了具体论证:发展广西高等草业教育符合全国高校设置规定,并具有自身的学科优势和学科发展的专业基础;草业科学有较宽的学科门类,与广西大学现有农类学科相互支持、相互渗透,能够提高学校的综合性;草业科学专业的高级技术人才比较缺乏;专业发展前景广阔。     

中国草业协会第一届会员代表大会开幕词

各位代表、同志们:中国草业协会第一届全国会员代表大会现在开会。出席这次大会的,有来自全国草业工作第一线的会员代表和团体会员代表,有国家有关部门、新闻界热心支持草业的会员代表和同志们共207人。我代表协会筹委会向各位代表的到来表示热烈的欢迎。中国草业协会是在国家杰出贡献科学家钱学森同志立草为业的科学理论倡导下发起的;是在党和国家领导同志的亲切关怀和支持下建立起来的,王震副主席、王任重副主席、陈俊生国务委员、钱学森副主席等多位领导同志为草业协会的成立题了词或写了贺信;是在全国草业工作者共同努力,克服困难,开拓前进,草业工作取得很大成就,客观上需要进一步大发展的情况下建立起来的;也是在社会各界的支持下、鼓励下,经过农业部、民政部的批准建立起来的。中国草业协会的成立,标志着我国的草业事业正在迅速发展,进入了一个新的发展时期,并将对今后中国草业的的发展起     

榆阳区草业与畜牧业协调发展的情况分析

而草业和畜牧业是相辅相成的产业，草料丰盛则畜增、畜壮，草料缺乏则畜瘦、畜死。无论是半农半牧区、农区、还是城镇，都可以根据当地优势，因地制宜地开展多种形式的草业生产和草业开发建设。这样，草业不仅可以促进草地畜牧业的发展，而且是半农半牧区和农区结合的纽带，也为草业与畜牧业协调发展开辟了广阔的道路。     

草业科技进步促哲盟草畜两业同步发展

本文主要阐述三个问题，首先哲盟草业科技进步发展的新水平；其次是哲盟草业生产发展的新高度；第三是草业的发展促哲盟畜牧业达历史最好水平。草业科技取得突破性的进展，可以说成果累累，成绩斐然，其中不少科技项目的水平跻身于国内外先进行列。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -