新疆阿尔泰山小东沟林区木本植物群落数量分类、排序及其环境解释

在野外样方调查和主要环境因子测定的基础上,利用聚类分析和DCCA排序技术对新疆阿尔泰山小东沟林区的森林植被进行类型划分,并定量分析植被与环境因子的关系。结果表明:利用聚类分析可将阿尔泰小东沟林区的木本植物群落划分为6个类型(灌丛、欧洲山杨林、苦杨林、疣枝桦林、新疆落叶松林和新疆落叶松与新疆冷杉、新疆云杉的针叶混交林)。DCCA排序分析表明,海拔和坡向等地形因子以及土壤类型、土壤全氮、土壤全磷、土壤水分含量和大石砾含量等土壤因子是影响阿尔泰林区植物分布的主要因子,林区不同群落类型的分布格局主要是由地形和土壤因子的共同作用所控制的。     

辽西北地区防护林树种与环境关系研究

为了解决辽宁省西北部地区防护林造林的问题,对防护林树种与环境的关系进行研究,采用DCCA排序法分析乔木与环境因子的关系。结果表明:环境因子之间存在显著的相关性,坡位、坡向、海拔、地貌是影响防护林树种生长的主要因子。根据树种和样地的DCCA排序图,得出防护林适宜的生长环境。通过分析环境因子对物种分布格局的解释能力分析,环境因子解释了42.7%的植被格局。     

巴林地区用材林立地分类的研究

通过对海拔、坡度、土层厚等１７个主要地形、土壤因子的主成份分析，并利用各因子相互关系和对用材林林木生长的影响进行分析。结果表明，坡度级加指示植物是巴林地区划分立地类型组的主要依据，土种加植被类型是划分立地类型的主导因子，利用这些相对稳定、直观易划因子，将巴林地区用材林类型区划分出１５个立地类型组，２７个立地类型。     

小陇山林区日本落叶松速生丰产林立地类型划分及评价的研究

应用多元回归分析了小陇山林区日本落叶松幼林生长与立地因子的关系,筛选出影响日本落叶松幼林生长的主要立地因子是土壤腐殖质层和有效土层厚度、坡度、海拔;并采用数量化理论（Ｉ）,将研究区域划分为２个立地类型组、３０个立地类型,同时评价了不同立地类型日本落叶松林地的生产力。     

新疆天山云杉林群落分布格局及环境解释

[目的]天然林保护工程实施20周年之际,划分新疆天山云杉林群落类型,定量分析天山云杉林群落分布格局与环境及采伐干扰因子之间的关系,为新疆天然林保护工程实施后森林资源恢复评价提供参考依据。[方法]以新疆典型天山云杉森林群落为研究对象,通过野外样方调查,采用双向指示种法(TWINSPAN)对天山云杉林群落进行群落划分,采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)方法对其群落类型进行排序,定量分析森林群落分布格局与环境因子和采伐干扰因子的关系。[结果](1)TWINSPAN将47个森林群落调查样方划分为14个群落类型;(2)RDA排序结果表明海拔、坡度环境因子及森林采伐干扰因子是影响天山云杉群落格局的主要环境因素;(3)因子分离显示出环境变量对森林群落格局解释率达33.9%,采伐强度对森林群落格局解释率占5%,两者共同解释率为17.9%,未解释的部分占43.2%。未能解释的部分主要包括群落之间的相互影响及其他干扰等因素造成。[结论]新疆典型天山云杉林林区新疆农业大学实习林场有14个森林群落类型,其分布格局受环境因子和采伐干扰因子的共同控制,并且二者的交互作用非常显著。森林采伐干扰的强弱是新疆天山云杉林可持续经营不容忽视的重要因素。     

利用数字高程模型（DEM）分析土地利用现状——以长泰县为例

以DEM为基础数据,通过水文分析将研究区自动分割成28个小流域,并分别提取各个小流域的沟壑密度、平均坡度、平均坡长、起伏度等地形因子,建立地形因子间的回归模型,利用聚类分析将小流域划分为6种类型,并采用C5.0算法发现各个类型的基本特征,该文还进一步探讨了地形与土地利用分布的关系。     

毛竹林下植物沿海拔梯度分布的DCCA研究

采用梯度格局法研究毛竹林下植物沿海拔梯度的分布与环境因子之间的关系,对毛竹林下植物的分布和各环境因子进行去趋势典范对应分析(DCCA)。结果表明,灌木层、层间层、草本层的DCCA排序axes1效果和总体效果均为显著,其DCCA前2个排序轴特征值分别占总特征值的65.1%、65.6%、62.6%,排序效果良好;结合环境因子间的相关关系和DCCA排序结果,海拔对毛竹林下植物分布起决定性作用,其次是坡向,而坡度和坡位与林下植物的分布规律间的关系不明显。     

冻土对森林及其采伐的影响

大兴安岭林区是我国唯一的寒温带针叶林林区,主要树种为兴安落叶松,森林植被的分布面积远远超过本区冻土分布的面积。其自然特点是气候多变,土壤浅薄,有多年冻土层存在,形成多年冻土地区的森林环境。1 地理分布与生长环境     

楚雄州森林立地类型的划分

将地形因子(海拔、坡位、坡度、坡向)、土壤厚度、植被类型等因素作为依据,进行了楚雄州森林立地类型划分.公布了划分结果.     

辽宁省西北地区灌木群落与环境关系的研究

对辽西地区灌木林群落与环境的关系进行研究,采用DCCA排序法分析灌木与环境因子的关系,应用Canoco软件进行数据处理。经过结果分析,我们得出:环境因子之间存在显著的相关性;地貌、海拔、土层厚度、坡度、土壤类型是影响灌木群落分布的主要因子;灌木群落适宜生长环境为:海拔200m-700m,坡度5度-44度,阴坡,褐土,土层厚度60cm以下的低山、丘陵地带;通过环境变量与物种分布格局影响的定量分析,显示出本研究得结果有较好的排序效果     

Effects of environmental factors on species richness patterns of herb layer in Eastern Zhongtiao Mountain

The species richness of herb layer was investigated among 43 plots of forest vegetation in the eastern Zhongtiao Mountain, in southern Shanxi Province, China. The forest vegetation was divided into two major vegetation types such as the deciduous forest and the coniferous forest by the two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The species richness of herb layer was fitted in the topographic and soil feature factors, as well as the topographic relative moisture index （TRMI） by the generalized linear models （GLM）. The results showed that canopy cover and altitude were the most significant environmental factors. Soil pH value and soil nutrients index such as total N, organic matter content had no significant influence. The effect of environment factors on species richness of herb layer had significant difference in vegetation types. For the broad-leaved forest, litter depth and TRMI were the important environment factors. For the coniferous forest, soil clay content was another important environment factor. The range of environmental gradient such as altitude may contribute to the difference.     

Diversity and structure of woody vegetation across areas with different soils in Gonarezhou National Park,Zimbabwe

Despite the importance of edaphic factors in influencing woody vegetation diversity and structure in savannas, there is still limited research on the topic across most savanna ecosystems. Here we investigate the differences and/or similarities of woody vegetation diversity and structure across areas with different edaphic factors (i.e. soil group) in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. We stratified our study area into two strata based on soil group, namely siallitic soil in northern Gonarezhou and regosol soil in central Gonarezhou. Data were collected from 96 sample plots between March and April in 2011. Our results showed significantly higher woody species diversity in siallitic soil stratum compared to regosol soil stratum. In contrast, there were no significant differences in woody vegetation structure between the two study strata. Our results suggest that soil variations play an important role in influencing woody vegetation diversity more than woody vegetation structure in Gonarezhou. Future studies should investigate the role of soils on a specific woodland type's composition and structure, and also determine the interactive effects between soils and other environmental determinants in Gonarezhou and similar protected areas in savanna ecosystems.     

Influence of woody and herbaceous competition on microclimate and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings planted in a central Ontario clearcut

The influence of woody and herbaceous plant competition, either alone or in combination, on microclimate and growth of planted eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings was examined over four consecutive growing seasons in a central Ontario clearcut. Treatments that manipulated the comparative abundance of these two plant functional groups significantly affected light availability, soil moisture, and air and soil temperature regimes. These microclimate alterations, coupled with the relative competitiveness of herbaceous and woody vegetation, corresponded to temporal changes in vegetation cover and dominance. The more rapid colonization and growth of the herbaceous plant community, dominated by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and ericaceous shrubs (Kalmia sp., Vaccinium sp.), resulted in this form of vegetation being a comparatively important early competitor for soil moisture. As the woody plant community, dominated by naturally regenerated trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), grew in height and leaf area, it became a comparatively strong competitor for both light and soil moisture. For all vegetation treatments combined, white pine seedling growth responses were strongly correlated with total cover of competing vegetation and its relative influence on above- and belowground microclimatic variables. Higher total cover of competing vegetation was generally associated with lower light and soil moisture availability and cooler soil temperatures. Multiple regression analyses indicated that pine seedling relative height growth increased with soil moisture content and growing season soil heat sum, while seedling relative diameter and relative volume growth increased with light availability.     

北京山地森林的土壤养分状况

森林土壤是维持林木健康生长的基质,其肥力特征影响并控制着林木的健康状态(Fisher et al.,2000)。森林退化与土壤肥力的衰退有密切的联系(La Mannaetal.,2004)。因此,对森林土壤特征的了解,可及时为森林健康经营提供依据。随着生态环境问题的日益突出以及森林健康理念的发展,世     

昆明市野鸭湖景区的土壤特性研究

通过对昆明市野鸭湖景区不同的植被类型及土壤类型设样调查。其调查研究的结果表明:该景区的主要土壤类型有山地红壤、山地黄红壤、黄壤、黄棕壤、黄色砂壤等5种类型,红壤、黄红壤、黄壤基本各占1/3,土壤质地大多数是粘壤土。主要成土岩石有石灰岩、砂岩、变质岩(板岩、片岩)、红色砂岩、紫色砂岩等,主要成土母质有残积母质、坡积母质等类型;为酸性土壤,土壤的有机质含量较低,缺乏有效氮,严重缺乏有效磷,土壤交换性能较差,肥力偏低,且土壤的侵蚀现象明显。据此,应防止景区植被的进一步破坏。     

大青山不同森林结构与根际土壤微生物数量变化研究

大青山不同林龄根际土壤微生物数量变化规律是细菌、放线菌数量和微生物的总数均随着树龄的增长呈现减少趋势。不同林木树种组成,根际土壤微生物数量变化呈现出一定的规律性,在榆林地区的土壤细菌数量及微生物总量分布依次为山杏〉油松×沙棘〉油松×山杏〉油松×柠条〉油松〉沙棘〉柠条;劈柴沟地区不同树种组成土壤微生物总量及土壤细菌数量变化为山杨〉白桦×落叶松〉落叶松〉油松〉白桦。不同密度的根际土壤微生物数量的规律是2 m×3 m≥3 m×3.5 m〉1.5 m×2 m〉1 m×3 m≥1.5 m×2 m,基本上是随密度增加土壤微生物数量减少。     

辽西北风沙区不同人工林土壤真菌群落结构及功能特征

[目的]为了揭示土壤真菌群落结构及功能对不同人工林的响应特征和响应机制,评估不同人工林对地下生态系统的影响。[方法]以辽西北风沙区樟子松人工林、油松人工林和杨树人工林为研究对象,对每个样地采用"S"型布点采样,采集0~10 cm表层土壤并进行混合,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术和FUNGuild软件,获取并分析辽西北风沙区不同人工林土壤真菌群落组成与功能特征,并对土壤真菌群落多样性与土壤环境因子进行相关性分析。[结果]表明:杨树人工林能显著增加土壤pH值、土壤可溶性有机碳和速效磷的含量,降低土壤的C/N。该区人工林土壤优势真菌门类群是子囊菌门和担子菌门,优势真菌属类群为Guehomyces、被抱霉属及青霉菌属。NMDS和heatmap分析结果表明,不同人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能特征差异显著,都可划分为两个聚类,其中,樟子松人工林和油松人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能的相似性较大,而杨树人工林土壤真菌群落与针叶林土壤真菌群落结构和功能的差异较大。土壤pH、速效磷、DOC和C/N是影响土壤真菌多样性和土壤真菌群落功能的主要因子。[结论]不同人工林对土壤特性及土壤真菌群落的结构和功能特征具有不同的影响,杨树人工林显著提高土壤养分有效性,增加土壤真菌多样性。因此,在辽西北风沙区种植杨树较针叶树能更好地改善土壤。     

Plant-soil biodiversity relationships and nutrient retention in agricultural riparian zones of the Sacramento Valley,California

Forested riparian buffers in California historically supported high levels of biodiversity, but human activities have degraded these ecosystems over much of their former range. This study examined plant communities, belowground biodiversity and indicators of multiple ecosystem functions of riparian areas across an agricultural landscape in the Sacramento Valley of California, USA. Plant, nematode and soil microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties were studied along 50-m transects at 20 sites that represented the different land use, soil and vegetation types in the landscape. Riparian zones supported greater plant diversity and nearly twice as much total carbon (C) per hectare compared to adjacent land managed for agricultural uses, but had generally lower soil microbial and nematode diversity and abundance. When woody plant communities were present in the riparian zone, plant diversity and species richness were higher, and soil nitrate and plant-available phosphorus levels were lower. Belowground diversity and community structure, however, appeared to depend more on plant productivity (as inferred by vegetation cover) than plant diversity or species richness. Greater plant species richness, nematode food web structure, total microbial biomass, woody C storage and lower soil nitrate and phosphorus loading were correlated with higher visual riparian health assessment scores, offering the possibility of managing these riparian habitats to provide multiple ecosystem functions.     

内蒙古大青山典型植被水源涵养功能分析

通过对内蒙古大青山3种典型植被及其土壤的测定,研究比较了不同森林植被的水源涵养功能。结果表明:油松林的林冠截留量最大,为0.170mm,落叶松林和白桦林依次为0.104mm和0.052mm;落叶松林枯落物持水能力显著高于白桦林和油松林,白桦林土壤贮水能力大于落叶松林和油松林;经综合评价,落叶松林水源涵养能力最强,油松林其次,白桦林水源涵养能力最差。     

Study on Cultural Technologies and Salt-resistance of Nitraria sibirica in Coastal Areas with Serious Salt-affected Soil

In this research, five Nitraria sibirica provenances such as Dayilu were selected to do experiment of salt-resistance, combining fixed plots test with typical plot investigation, measuring survival rate and growth as main indicators. The experiments of main cultural technology were done on Nitraria sibirica in 4 types of site preparation, 3 types of planting, 3 designs for planting density. The Nitraria sibirica experiments for the effects of curbing salt and improving soil were done by testing soil nutrients, salt content, soil physical properties as focal points in typical site of 3-4 years woods. The experiment results showed that the Nitraria sibirica could survive well with soil salt content of 0.6%, and that survival rate declined distinctively as soil salt content exceeded 0.8%. However, high soil salt content did not influence growth in the year of planting. There were obvious differences in salt-tolerance among Nitraria sibirica provenances; Dayilu was the best on salt-tolerance, the other 4 pro