大连市奶牛业实行产业化经营的思考

牛奶生产,是我市实施"菜篮子"工程的重要工作内容,搞好奶源基地建设,保证城乡居民牛奶供应的重要基础.近几年,我们贯彻"巩固国有,稳定集体,大力发展个体规模化饲养"的指导方针,经过全行业广大干部、职工、个体奶农的艰苦努力,扭转了牛奶产、供、销一度出现的徘徊局面.奶牛存栏稳步增长,奶业产、销两旺,市场供应充足.     

奇台县牧草种子经营三步曲

"草业振兴,种子先行".优良牧草种子是发展草业生产的第一性生产资料,是振兴草业的物质基础.新疆奇台县草原站作为自治区重要的牧草种子基地之一,自1959年建站以来,一直把草业科研和新技术的推广做为中心工作来抓,按照"四化一供"的种子经营方针,在牧草育种、良种繁育、牧草栽培方面进行了标准化、规范化、系列化的试验研究,依靠科研进步,摸索出了牧草种子科研、良繁、生产、销售一条龙的经营管理模式,积累了产业化经营的成功经验,为改变新疆牧草种子生产落后、依赖调进的局面,全面振兴新疆牧草种子生产提供了新的启示.     

制约畜牧业产业化经营的因素及发展对策

畜牧业产业化经营是提高畜牧业综合生产能力和农民收入的重要手段,是继农村单一种植业向畜牧业生产转化之后我国解决"三农"问题的又一个全新路径.现将制约畜牧业产业化经营的因素与发展对策报道如下.     

加强进出库管理保证蚕种质量

蚕种的进库和出库是冷库工作一系列环节中的"首"和"尾",也是抓好蚕种质量管理的重要关口.进库蚕种的质量是冷库工作的基础,出库蚕种的质量是对冷库工作的检验.因此,严把"进"与"出"两大关,加强进出库管理工作,对保证和提高蚕种质量有极其重要的意义.浙江省农业厅蚕种科技服务中心蚕种冷库经营单位和用种单位多,进出库次数多,持续时间长,变动多,给进出库工作带来许多不利,通过加强进出库管理,能较好地完成蚕种进出库工作.     

大型超市肉类经营的兽医卫生管理探讨

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们吃"放心肉"、"安全肉"的意识也在逐步增强,对肉类既要求肉品质量好,同时要求购肉的环境整洁、舒适、卫生.在这种形势下,大型超市肉类经营应运而生,从冷冻肉制品、冷藏肉品到熟食应有尽有,因此,如何加强超市肉类经营的兽医卫生管理显得越来越重要.为此,我区兽医卫生监督检疫所对本区范围内各超市进行了兽医卫生监督检查,通过检查,我们认为,超市肉类经营亟需规范.要建立长效管理机制,应从以下几个方面着手,确保让市民吃上放心肉.     

中国蜂产品特许经营企业经营诊断

蜂产品作为保健产业的重要分支,凭借"绿色、天然、纯正"为卖点,历经几千年而长盛不衰,这是其他"各领风骚三五年"的保健品所无法企及的.     

中职畜牧兽医专业"双师型"教师队伍建设探析——以广西柳州畜牧兽医学校为例

教师队伍建设是中职学校专业建设中的重要组成部分,提升专业教师的实践能力,培养名符其实的"双师型"教师更是教师队伍建设中的重中之重.本文以广西柳州畜牧兽医学校为例,以专业教师自办实业为载体,构建出了"4个1"(即:创办1个经营实体+带1个专业教学团队+担任1家企业技术顾问+承担1项区级课题)"多能型"教师队伍建设模式.通过多年的实践与总结,"4个1""多能型"教师队伍建设模式取得了较好的成果,实现了教师提升个人能力、增加个人收入、服务地方经济的"三丰收".本文从该校的实施背景、实施过程、主要成效等方面展开论述.作者认为,该模式适合同类学校专业教师队伍建设,能对同类学校(特别是畜牧兽医专业中、高职学校)提供一定的借鉴.     

内蒙古锡林浩特地区奶牛业发展模式的探讨

奶牛养殖产业化经营是我国在发展市场经济过程中探索出来的新的生产经营方式,全面、深入地分析内蒙古锡林浩特市奶牛养殖业发展的有利条件和制约因素,借鉴国际奶业发展的经验,对锡林浩特市奶业的持续、稳步发展,锡林浩特市"牧民增收"目标的实现,及区域奶业在全球市场一体化环境中发展的理论和实践具有重要意义.以锡林浩特市奶牛养殖业产业化经营的实际情况为背景,根据锡林浩特市奶牛养殖业发展仍处于较低水平,经济和社会效益提高缓慢等现状,深入分析了锡林浩特市奶牛养殖业发展过程中的限制因素、区域比较优势和各利益主体的行为,提出了提升锡林浩特市奶牛养殖产业化经营的途径.     

农牧企业如何在不景气中寻求管理突破

经过20多年的改革与发展,我国饲料工业取得了举世瞩目的成就,成为国民经济的重要基础产业。"十五"期间,我国饲料业经受住了"非典"、"禽流感"、"猪链球菌病"等各种不利因素的严峻考验,继续保持了良好的发展态势。2005年,全国饲料产品总产量达到1.07亿吨,饲料工业总产值2742亿元,分别比2000年增长44%和73%,特别是饲料产品总量首次突破亿吨大关,实现了历史性的跨越。今年是中国实施"十一五"规划的开局之年,党中央、国务院提出了推进社会主义新农村建设的重大历史任务,这对中国饲料工业的发展提出了新的要求,创造了新的机遇。中国的饲料工业仍然是一个具有很大发展潜力的朝阳产业,中国的饲料市场将更加开放,经济技术的合作与交流将更为广泛。为鼓励和支持饲料企业做大做强,不断提高自主创新能力和核心竞争力,进一步推动国内外饲料行业经济技术的合作与交流,同时帮助大家及时了解和掌握当前畜禽养殖和饲料行业经济运行形势,中国饲料工业协会在2006中国饲料工业展示交易会期间,以加快发展优势饲料企业的基本思路与对策为主题,举办了2006中国饲料发展高层论坛,下面就将其中部分嘉宾讲话内容以摘要形式刊登,以飨读者。     

入世后我市茶业面临的机遇和挑战

我市是全国重点茶叶基地,素有"一瓷二茶"之说.入世后,机遇和挑战并存,茶叶的兴与衰就看我们如何把握.现就入世后我市茶叶将面临的机遇、挑战以及应对措施略抒己见.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.