动物用疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒污染检测

为掌握动物用疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的污染情况,抽取16份市售动物用疫苗,分别采用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR检测病毒抗原和核酸。结果显示,ELISA检测中有2份(猪瘟疫苗)为阳性,荧光定量RT-PCR检测均为阴性。结果表明,我国兽用疫苗中的BVDV污染水平较低,但不容忽视。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒在猪瘟疫苗中的污染情况及其检测方法的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)和猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)同属黄病毒科瘟病毒属,猪瘟疫苗中污染BVDV可引起免疫失败。但由于两者在病毒粒子结构、基因组结构和抗原特性等方面均很接近,在血清学上存在交叉反应,因此难以检测猪瘟疫苗中污染的BVDV。文章对BVDV在猪瘟疫苗中的污染情况和检测方法进行了论述,旨在为猪瘟疫苗污染BVDV的检测提供理论基础。     

猪瘟疫苗中BVDV污染一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速检测猪瘟(CSF)疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)污染的方法,试验根据GenBank上登录的BVDV 5'端非编码区基因组序列设计1对引物,经一步法RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了检测猪瘟疫苗中BVDV污染的一步法RT-PCR。结果表明:该方法对猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病毒、牛副流感病毒3型、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的扩增结果均为阴性,对BVDV基因组RNA的检测灵敏度达0.1 ng,与细胞培养法的符合率达100%。应用该方法对猪瘟疫苗、牛血清等138份样品进行BVDV污染的检测,阳性污染率达11.59%。该一步法RT-PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性、准确性和适用性,可用于猪瘟疫苗生产中血清、细胞、毒种、半成品等的质量控制及猪瘟疫苗临床应用中的质量检验。     

宁夏地区牛病毒性腹泻流行情况调研报告

牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病（BVD）是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）引起的一种传染病。为调查宁夏地区BVD的流行情况,对制订防控措施提供数据支持,采集宁夏地区疑似感染BVDV且未进行疫苗免疫的1 500 头牛的血清进行抗体检测,对临床症状明显的295 头牛用肛拭子进行抗原检测。结果显示,牛病毒性腹泻抗体阳性率87.60%,抗原阳性率2.71%,存在较为严重的BVDV感染。     

对生猪感染BVDV的实验检测

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和猪瘟病毒（HCV）同属黄病毒科瘟病毒属成员。牛病毒性腹泻病毒除了引起牛发生黏膜性腹泻外,还可引起羊、鹿、猪及许多野生动物感染。一般情况下,猪感染BVDV不表现牛病毒性腹泻的临床症状而呈现亚临床感染,其症状和病理变化类似温和型猪瘟。本实验对2007～2008年本区各猪场送检病料各随机抽取92份,不同厂家不同批次的猪瘟弱毒疫苗23份,进行BVDV抗原检测。     

牛病毒性腹泻防治

<正>牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)是引起牛发热、蹄甲糜烂、口鼻黏膜溃疡、咳嗽及怀孕母牛流产、白细胞减少、剧烈腹泻的一种传染病。1病原学牛病毒性腹泻病毒又名黏膜病病毒,是黄病毒科黄病毒属的成员,为单股RNA、有囊膜的病毒,直径50～80 nm,呈圆形。一般牛病毒性腹泻病毒分为牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型(BVDV.1)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型(BVDV.2)。BVDV对乙醚和氯仿等有机溶剂敏感,病毒     

用RT-PCR方法检测猪瘟细胞苗中污染牛病毒性腹泻病毒

参考GenBank中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)和猪瘟兔化弱毒病毒(HCLV)序列,设计和建立了一种PCR检测方法,通过试验证明,所建方法能够对HCLV和BVDV进行鉴别诊断;用此方法对23个批次的猪瘟细胞苗进行检测,发现有5批疫苗污染BVDV,均为BVDV I型,污染率为21.74%。测定序列与BVDV Oregon C24V株(AF091605)的核苷酸相似性为83.2%~83.5%,与NADL株(M31182)的核苷酸相似性为86.4%~86.7%。     

牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验替代方法的研究

为筛选一种动物来源确定、个体差异较小、经济成本低的牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验方法,选择3个批次的牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗(Ⅰ型,NM01株)分别免疫牛、豚鼠,并在免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、35d、42d采血,用微量血清中和法检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)中和抗体。通过比较牛与豚鼠免疫血清BVDV中和抗体效价,评价用豚鼠替代牛进行牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验的可行性。结果表明,牛和豚鼠接种疫苗后BVDV抗体水平结果相关性较好,证明该替代方法可行。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型KE-9基因缺失弱毒疫苗和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型NY-93基因缺失弱毒疫苗对4～6月龄犊牛的安全性研究

本试验旨在评估牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型KE-9基因缺失弱毒疫苗和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型NY-93基因缺失弱毒疫苗对4～6月龄犊牛的安全性。12头4～6月龄犊牛随机分成3组,每组4头,各组分别肌肉注射牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型KE-9基因缺失弱毒疫苗、牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型NY-93基因缺失弱毒疫苗或疫苗稀释液,2 mL/头。试验结果表明,免疫后所有试验用牛无牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的发热和临床症状,也不引起白细胞水平的下降;仅1头牛在免疫牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型NY-93基因缺失疫苗后第7 d检测到病毒血症和鼻腔排毒,在其他时间点均为阴性。所有犊牛均无大体病理学和组织病理学变化。综上所述,牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型KE-9基因缺失弱毒疫苗和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型NY-93基因弱毒疫苗对4～6月龄的犊牛安全性良好。     

猪瘟疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒污染现状及鉴别检测方法研究进展

近年来牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)在猪瘟疫苗中的污染情况时有发生,给猪瘟的防控带来了极大的安全隐患和不确定因素。文章综述了我国猪瘟疫苗中BVDV的污染现状,以及鉴别诊断BVDV污染的病原学、分子生物学、血清学等实验室检测技术的最新研究进展,对提高我国猪瘟疫苗质量、保障猪瘟疫苗免疫效果、提升猪瘟综合防控水平均具有一定的参考价值。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。