酸枣接大枣试验

枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)属鼠李科枣属,与酸枣(Zizyphus spinosus Hu.)是我国枣属植物中常见的两个种。目前生产中的红枣(或称大枣)品种都是枣的栽培种或栽培类型。枣原产于我国黄河中游一带,以后传播到全国各地,西至新疆,东至沿海地区,南至两广都有分布。我国北方地区,特别是黄河中下游诸省,不仅枣树栽培历史悠久,且     

陕西关中地区木兰属植物品种分类研究

采用实地调查、对比分析、专家咨询等手段,对关中地区木兰属植物集中的植物园及城市园林绿地,从花、果、叶、枝干等方面对木兰属植物的生物学特性及形态特征进行调查统计。采用二元分类法,按属—亚属—组—种—品种群—品种6个分类等级对关中地区木兰属种及品种进行分类整理。结果显示:木兰属植物有41个种及品种,其中本地种5个,本地区外分布种15个,本地自育品种10个,本地与外地合育品种3个,外地培育品种4个,外来杂交种(品种)4个;可分为2个亚属,7个组,21个种,5个品种群,20个品种;木兰属品种的最初来源基本是玉兰和紫玉兰,品种的育种工作,从自然芽变,种间杂交,开始转向属间杂交品种选育。初步明确了关中地区木兰属种及品种的数量与来源,并进行归类整理。     

山西省枣树裂果情况调查初报

裂果腐烂是北方枣区枣子减产的重要原因。1985年9月梅雨季,对山西省53个枣树品种裂果情况进行调查,结果表明:枣果成熟期阴雨天气是导致裂果的主要因子;不同品种裂果程度不同;枣果成熟与裂果有密切关系。选育抗裂品种、调整枣果成熟期是解决裂果腐烂的有效途径。     

陕西枣树名优品种简介

枣树原产黄河流域,而陕西是全国五个主产省份之一。长久的栽培历史,形成了众多的品种资源。据有关资料记载,陕西枣树品种和类型约有100种以上。1989～1991年,我们结合丰产栽培技术研究,对全省枣树品种资源进行了调查,并进行了枣果品质和丰产方面的试验观察,对品种进行了初选,现将几个名优品种介绍如下。1 晋枣晋枣又名吊枣,主要分布在泾河流域的彬县、长武一带,甘肃泾川也有分布。树体高大,树势强壮,树姿半开张,树冠     

药食兼优话红枣

红枣又叫大枣,原产我国,栽培悠久,距今已有３０００余年的历史。《诗经·豳风》中“八月剥枣”,是关于枣的最早吟咏。元代柳贯的《打枣谱》是我国第一部关于枣的专著,记有７３个品种。清代《植物名实图考》介绍达８７种。时至今日,全国已超过４００个品种。枣素有“...     

石楼县枣树种质资源调查研究

从枣树植物学特征、生长结果习性、果实特性、物候期及立地条件等方面对石楼县枣树资源进行了调查研究,收集保存了枝、叶、花、果实标本和树体特征、结果性状照片,初步查清了该县现有枣树品种19个,其中主栽品种有木枣、灰枣、团枣、芽枣和脆枣。     

红枣鲜食品种在陕北的引种试验

2003年引进了10个鲜食或鲜干兼用枣品种,在府谷县进行栽植,通过对其物候期调查,丰产性及品质进行比较,结果表明:牛奶脆枣、襄汾圆枣和梨枣的综合性状表现好,适宜在陕北地区栽培;冬枣、晋枣和芒果枣生育期太长,在陕北地区不能成熟。     

西双版纳的野生水果——缅枣

缅枣是西双版纳的野生水果之一,大多分布在州内海拔900米以下的河边、园边、荒丘和疏林中。千百年来,勤劳智慧的傣族人民,很早就将它作为庭园经济林木来培植,有些村寨几乎户户农家庭园都种植缅枣。一年伊始的版纳早春,正是水果淡季,而熟透了的缅枣却点点红于绿叶之中,甚令人唾涎。版纳缅枣,傣语称为“嘛典”,属鼠李科植物,别名:滇刺枣、酸刺枣、毛叶枣、西西果等。品种分为大果、小果两类,其经济生态利用价值有下述几方面:     

不同品种枣树果实的抗裂性及其抗裂机理

为给推广抗裂枣树品种提供参考依据,采用野外调查与人工控制条件下抗裂果测定法相结合的方法,对河北沧州金丝小枣产区主栽品种进行了抗裂性测定。结果表明:根据枣果的抗裂程度,可把枣品种分为抗裂、较抗裂、易裂3个类型;不同品种枣果表皮细胞厚度的变化幅度较大,抗裂品种的表皮细胞厚度大,而易裂枣果品种的表皮细胞厚度小;抗裂品种枣果果皮不同部位的蜡层和表皮层厚度均匀、表皮层细胞排列整齐紧密,而易裂品种枣果果皮不同部位的蜡层和表皮层不均匀、表皮层细胞排列散乱无序。     

冬枣丰产栽培技术

冬枣作为第2代鲜食枣品种,以汁多、味甜、质脆、无渣等特点深受消费者欢迎,是我国目前综合性状最好的鲜食品种,在我国北方枣区面积迅速扩大,得到了快速发展。但是,许多枣农还沿用传统的梨枣管理模式,对冬枣进行管理,这就推迟了冬枣的丰产期,造成了不必要的损失。为了使冬枣得到科学栽培,发挥其最好的经济效益,现将该品种的栽培技术要点介绍如下:1　冬枣的生物学特性冬枣属晚熟鲜食品种,与其他品种相比,树势中庸偏弱,树枝开张,发枝力中等,枝叶较密,易造成树冠内堂郁闭,通风透光不良。以3～8年枣股结果最好,每个枣股上抽生3～10个枣吊,枣…     

3个枣品种的引种试验

通过引进优良枣品种沾化冬枣、梨枣、骏枣,并以湖南省良种鸡蛋枣作对照研究,结果表明,在生长方面,3个枣品种均弱于鸡蛋枣;在结果方面,3个品种早果性和早期丰产性均优于鸡蛋枣,其中冬枣表现早果性好,梨枣、骏枣早期产量较高,沾化冬枣早期产量较低,但果实品质最优,果实病害最轻;梨枣在各个性能上均优于鸡蛋枣;骏枣单果是3个引进品种中最大的,果实品质尚可.     

湖北孝昌鲜食枣引种筛选试验初报

为丰富湖北林果市场,本研究从1999年开始引入山东沾化冬枣、山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣等鲜食枣果在湖北孝昌县进行引种栽培[1]。通过比较沾化冬枣等引种地与原产地气候概况、适应性、丰产性及果实品质,得出了在鄂北低丘岗地、阳光充足、排水良好的地块栽培山东沾化冬枣表现最好,山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣要差些[2]。     

Root distribution and interactions in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system

Even though agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in agricultural intercropping, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution and their impacts on interspecific interactions in agroforestry systems. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100 cm depth in the soil profile. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had less root length density (RLD) at all soil depths than those of sole wheat and jujube trees. The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. 6-year-old jujube exhibited a stronger negative effect on the productivity of wheat than did 2- or 4-year-old jujube and there was less effect on productivity of jujube in the 6-year-old system than in the 2- or 4-year-old jujube trees grown in monoculture. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems.     

Interspecific interactions alter root length density,root diameter and specific root length in jujube/wheat agroforestry systems

A field study was conducted at Hetian, southern Xinjiang, northwest China, to investigate root morphology as affected by interspecific interactions between jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments comprised (1) sole wheat, (2) 3-, 5- and 7-year-old sole jujube trees, and (3) intercropping of wheat/3-, 5- and 7-year-old jujube trees. Roots were sampled by auger in each plot down to 100 cm depth at 20 cm intervals in the soil profile and horizontally up to 150 cm away from the base of the trees at 30 cm intervals. All jujube/wheat intercropping systems had advantages of intercropping with a land equivalent ratio (LER) >1. There were significant differences in the contours of both root length density (RLD) and root diameter (RD) in intercropped wheat and jujube in the vertical and horizontal direction at corresponding soil depths but the RLD and RD of the 7-year-old jujube/wheat intercropping system were less influenced by intercropping in this respect than 3- and 5-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had smaller RLD, RD and larger specific root lengths (SRLs) at corresponding soil depths than did sole wheat and jujube. The older the jujube the larger were the SRL values of intercropped wheat and the smaller the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat. The greater the distance from the jujube the less influence there was on the RLD, SRL and RD of intercropped wheat and jujube and the greater the distance from the jujube the smaller was the SRL of intercropped wheat and the greater the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat (but still less than the monoculture wheat). The older the jujube the more developed were the jujube roots so that the smaller the SRL of jujube the bigger the RLD and RD of jujube. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and extended laterally 150 cm from the trees resulting in the roots of the jujube trees and the wheat having niche overlap at a soil depth of 20–40 cm. The mechanisms underlying the thinner roots of wheat and jujube require further investigation.     

北京地区8个枣品种果实主要营养成分分析

对北京市丰台区8个主栽枣品种果实中可溶性糖、总酸、主要矿质元素和维生素等营养成分进行测定以及差异性分析,并对不同采收期枣果实营养成分的变化作了对比评价。结果表明,尜尜枣、长辛店白枣、冬枣的综合品质最优;随着采收期的延后,沧州金丝枣果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量均明显降低,而总酸、VB1、VB2和矿质元素Fe、Mg、Mn、K、Ca的含量呈增加趋势。     

陕北枣林土壤动物与枣林健康及其害虫生态调控的关系

在分析枣林土壤动物与枣林健康关系的基础上,研究了枣林土壤动物与枣林害虫生态调控的关系,并根据陕北枣林害虫类群,提出了相应的控制策略和生态调控技术。     

锌处理对红枣果实品质的影响

研究锌素水平对红枣的品质影响。从红枣果实发育期至采收期,每隔15天在树体进行锌浓度处理后,3天后在不同方位采样,以不喷施锌素为对照,研究阿克苏骏枣果实生长发育时期,果实品质指标的变化过程。结果表明,采收期时,0.05%浓度锌处理可使红枣类黄酮含量达到4.77 mg/kg;0.10%浓度锌处理使红枣可溶性糖和还原糖含量分别达到38.25%和14.55%;0.15%浓度锌处理使红枣蛋白质、Vc含量达到0.69 g/kg和2.28 mg/kg;0.20%浓度锌处理使红枣花青素含量达到0.014 mg/g,0.30%浓度锌处理使红枣总酚含量达到0.093 mg/g。锌处理对红枣果实发育过程中的品质变化有较为显著的促进作用。     

辽西坡地林农复合经营模式优化研究

在辽西坡地上,通过枣农、梨农、桃农、杏农等林农复合经营模式试验筛选及产量、产值分析,结果表明,该区适宜的林农复合优化模式为枣农复合模式;通过榛子、核桃干果树种+作物复合经营与枣农复合对比试验,结果表明枣农复合经营为辽西坡地林农复合首选模式;继续试验研究了枣农复合优秀组分为铃铛枣与谷子,是辽西坡地同一土地单元内高效的林农复合模式。     

土壤管理措施对枣树生长量和产量的影响

通过对酒泉市枣树管理中适用的田间间作、翻掘树盘、中耕除草、覆草保墒等4项土壤管理技术措施的试验观测,研究分析了土壤管理技术对枣树生长量和产量的促进作用。试验表明,采取上述土壤管理技术综合措施的枣树,生长量提高了243.6%,产量提高了206%,对枣树生长量和产量的促进作用十分显著。     

枣缩果病病原越冬场所的研究

通过田间采集枣树的树皮、树枝、枣股、枣刺、枣吊、落叶、落枣等越冬组织,在室内分离、镜检,确定了枣缩果病病原菌的越冬场所,细交链孢菌主要越冬场所为枣树冬季落叶、枣刺、枣吊和落枣,聚生小穴壳菌的主要越冬场所为一次枝树皮、二次枝树皮、主干树皮和枣股。